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Question
3
a) A geometric series has first term 48 and common ratio . The sum of the first n terms of the
5
series is denoted by Sn and the sum to infinity is denoted by S. calculate the least value of n
for which the difference between the sum to infinity and the sum of the first n terms is less
than 5.
b) The sum to n terms of a series is given by S n = n 2 3n . Find an expression for the nth term.
Show that the series is in arithmetic progression.
Hence, find the sum of the first 150 even numbered terms (i.e. second, fourth, sixth term etc).
1 1 1 3b 2
b) Hence, or otherwise, show that + 2 + 2 if a and b are
a+b a b a 4a
b b
positive and is small enough such that powers of higher than the third can
a a
be neglected.
1 1
Use your result to deduce an approximate value for +
6 2
Question 2
2
Express f ( x ) = in partial fractions.
(1 + 2 x)(1 + 4 x 2 )
Guide to Q1(a):
Use the binomial series expansion to solve. Refer to MF15 for the exact expansion.
Guide to Q1(b):
For every Hence question, students are supposed to use the previous set of working or answers to
1 1
solve. Here, the result of 1(a) will be useful to determine the expansion of + .
a+b ab
b
Compare and make the necessary substitution. Also, use the hint that is small, appropriately.
a
1 1
To solve for + , students are advised to determine the correct values of a and b by
6 2
simultaneous equation.
Guide to Q2:
Consider the factors at the denominator. Are they linear, quadratic and/or repeat factors? Check
MF15 if necessary.
Guide to Q1:
(a) Use conjugate to express the complex number in a + ib form.
(b) Express q in terms of polar (or trigonometric) form. Apply trigonometric formulae to
determine real and imaginary part.
z |z| z
(c) Use |zw| = |z||w|, = , arg(zw) = arg(z) + arg(w) and arg( ) = arg(z) - arg(w)
w | w| w
appropriately.
Guide to Q2:
(a) Identify the correct loci i.e. circle, half-line or perpendicular bisector.
(b) Make z3 the subject. Hence, determine the modulus and argument to solve for all possible
values of z.
Salt is dissolved in a tank filled with 120 litres of water. Salt water containing 20 g of salt per
litre is poured into the tank at a constant rate of 3 litres per minute and the mixture flows out
at a constant rate of 3 litres per minute. The contents of the tank are kept well mixed at all
times. Let the amount of salt in the tank (in grams) be denoted by S and the time (in minutes)
be denoted by t.
dS 1
i) Show that = (2400 S )
dt 40
ii) Given that 400 g of salt was dissolved in the tank initially, find the amount of salt
in the tank after 1 hour, giving your answer to the nearest gram.
Question 2
dy
2y - xy 2 = x
dx
Guide to Q1:
dS
can be obtained by determining the difference between the rate of content coming in and the
dt
rate of content going out. This applies to most of the rate of change problems.
Guide to Q2:
The original DE is not variable separable (VS). The use of substitution will change the DE to a
a) sin 1 x
b) ln k 2 + x 2 , where k is a constant
ln 5 x
c) 2
ex
1
d) tan 1
1+ x2
e) 2 ln x
Question 2
dy 2 x 2 y 1
i) For the curve ( x y ) 2 = x + y , show that =
dx 2 x 2 y + 1
ii) Find the gradient of the curve at the points where it cuts the x-axis.
Guide to Q1:
Recall all differentiation techniques. Apply product or quotient rule where necessary.
Guide to Q2:
Apply implicit differentiation.
beam is proportional to xy 3 , find, in terms of d , the values of x and y for the stiffest beam that
can be cut from the log.
Question 4
The diagram shows a rectangular block ABCDEFGH with AB = BC, AG = 2 3 and
AE = 2( 3 x ) where x < 3 . F E
G H
cube.
Guide to Q1:
Draw a simple sketch of the diagram to visualize the problem. Find the volume of the diagram
and determine its rate of change. Chain rule is necessary to solve the problem.
Guide to Q3:
Draw a simple sketch of the diagram to visualize the problem. Express x and/or y in terms of d.
dy d2y
This question is a maximum/minimum problem, hence the use and in relation to the
dx dx 2
problem is necessary.
Guide to Q4:
(i) Use Pythagoras Theorem to solve for AB.
dV d 2V
(ii) In order to show that the volume is a maximum, students must determine and .
dx dx 2
ii) On the same axes, sketch the graph of g and g 1 , indicating clearly the
relationship between them.
iii) Explain briefly why g 1 f does not exist. If the domain of f is restricted to the
Question 2
The graph y = f(x) is shown below:
y
(3, 1)
0 2 2.5 x
(1, -1)
On separate diagrams, sketch the following graphs, showing clearly all relevant
coordinates:
a) y = f (1 + 2 x)
b) y 2 = f ( x)
1
c) y=
f ( x)
d) y = f ( x + 1)
x2 + 4
Hence, or otherwise, solve ln <0
( x - 1)( x + 3)
Question 2
Guide to Q1:
Since exact answer is not required, students can use GC to obtain the answer.
Guide to Q2:
i) Use complete the square as recommended in the question.
ii) Solve the inequality algebraically.
1
1 1
c) By means of substitution x 2 =
u
, evaluate the integral 2
5x 2 1
dx .
1/ 2 x
Question 2
Guide to Q1:
a) Consider integration by using standard form.
b) Apply integration by parts. Use trigonometric formula to determine the second integral.
c) Apply substitution correctly.
Guide to Q2:
a) Use GC to provide a sketch and locate the correct region R.
2 2
b) Apply y dx or x dy to determine volume of revolution.
2
Hence, by putting x = /6, find an approximate value of , to three decimal places.
3
Question 2
Using standard series expansion or otherwise, find the series expansion of exsinx, up to
and including the term in x5.
Hence, find the series expansion of excosx.
Guide to Q1:
Differentiate y and replace expression in the result with y accordingly. Use the expansion to
2
determine an approximation to by replacing all x with .
3 6
Guide to Q2:
Refer to MF15 for series expansion of e x and sinx. Consider the derivative of the result to obtain
expansion of excosx.
30
Hence, evaluate r ( 2r + 1) .
r =10
Question 2
4 j +1 ( j 1)
Let ( j ) = ,( j N)
3( j + 2)
j2 4 j
i) Show that, for j 1, ( j ) ( j 1) = .
( j + 1)( j + 2)
n
j2 4 j
ii) Hence find, in terms of n, the sum of the series j =1 ( j + 1)( j + 2)
.
Guide to Q1:
n n n n m 1
1 1
Use r
r =1
=
2
n ( n + 1) , r
r =1
2
=
6
n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1) and apply f ( r) = f ( r) f ( r)
r =m r =1 r =1
where necessary.
Guide to Q2:
4 j +1 ( j 1)
Use ( j ) = to determine ( j 1) i.e. replace all j on RHS with (j-1). Determine the
3( j + 2)
cancellation pattern of the MOD.
Guide to Q1:
a) Solve for and by forming three set of equations. For both lines to intersect, values of
and must satisfy the three equations.
b) Use scalar dot product to obtain the answer.
c) Use vector cross product to determine the common perpendicular. A common
perpendicular is perpendicular to both lines.
d) Apply the length of projection formula.
Guide to 1(a):
i) Use GC to determine the probability that you have time to have breakfast, which is
defined by a binomial distribution. Apply probability theorem where necessary.
ii) Identify the type of distribution i.e. Binomial. Determine n and p of the distribution.
Solve the probability using GC.
Guide to 1(b):
i) There are altogether 6 ways to obtain P(X=3).
ii) Use the definition of binomial distribution to work out n i.e. P(X=x) = n C x p x (1 p ) n x
Guide to 1(a):
(i) Students must determine the average number of cars sold in a four week period. Do note
that the sales of the new and old cars are independent of each other.
(ii) Work out the possibilities of obtaining $1460 commission in a four week period.
Guide to 1(b):
(i) Determine the appropriate distribution and find the probability using GC.
(ii) Check n, np and nq where necessary. Determine the most appropriate approximation
based on the values of n, np and nq.
For each bag of flour sold which weighs less than 2 kg, there is a probability of 0.01 that the
purchaser will initiate legal proceedings against the manager, which under the unfair trading laws,
will lead the company having to pay a fine of $50.
ii) Find, correct to four decimal places, the probability that in the process A, the weight of
the flour is less than 2 kg.
iii) Determine which process will, in the long run, produce the greater profit.
(Assume that all bags if flour produced are sold and that the weight of an empty bag is
negligible.)
b) There are 10 questions in a certain examination. Each question has 5 suggested answers,
and the candidate has to choose the right one in each question. Suppose that candidate X chooses
answers totally at random, so that he is equally likely to choose any one of the five answers in
each question.
i) Calculate the probability that he will score at least 3 correct answers out of 10.
In a similar examination there are 100 questions, each with 5 suggested answers. X again chooses
entirely at random.
By using a suitable approximation,
ii) estimate the probability of X scoring at least 30 questions out of 100.
Guide to Q1(b):
(i) Identify the appropriate distribution to determine the probability.
(ii) Identify the appropriate conditions i.e. n, np and nq. Choose the correct approximation
based on these conditions. Use continuity correction where appropriate.
Guide to Q1:
(a) Apply Central Limit Theorem where possible. Use GC to obtain the probability.
(b) Refer to lecture notes on characteristics/advantages/disadvantages of each sampling
method.
Guide to Q1:
i) Use the formulas in MF15.
ii) Apply the steps as described in the lecture notes. Use GC to determine the value of p.
i) Find the coordinates of the point through which the regression line y on x and that of
x on y both pass. Give your answer in terms of k.
ii) Given that the regression y on x is y = 0.197x + 0.184, find k. Hence, find the
product moment correlation coefficient r between advertising time and sales per
week.
iii) Plot a scatter plot of y against x and the regression line y on x on the same diagram.
iv) State with a reason, the effect on r if the advertising time was in hours instead of
minutes.
v) By using an appropriate least square regression line, determine the advertising time
if the sales for a particular week was 3400. Comment on the accuracy of the value
obtained. Adapted from NYJC Prelim 2007
Guide to parts:
i) Both regression lines pass through x and y .
ii) Use regression equation to determine k and obtain r using GC.
ii) Use GC to obtain the scatter plot.
v) Using either regression y on x or x on y to determine the answer.