The Sky-God Names and the (Correlating) Personal Pronouns

Joannes Richter (jwr47)

Abstract
The consonants and the vowels in the sky-god's name Dyaus may be interpreted by analysis of
the names' variants, which need to be categorized as barely influenced by Roman civilization and
intensely influenced by Roman civilization.
In the regions intensely influenced by Roman civilization the personal pronouns of the 1 st person
singular are simply composed by the vowel-word eternity, which eventually may be extended by
leading or trailing consonants.
In the regions barely influenced by Roman civilization the personal pronouns of the 1 st person
dualis such as it (Wit) / it (Git) may be found by mirroring the name of the sky-god Tw,
respectively Tg.
The leading consonants D in Dyaus, T in Tyr and Z in Zeus or Ziu may be
considered as symbols for the dual character of the sky-god. The trailing consonant S may be
interpreted as an extension for S = the son for the younger divine generation. Both consonants
may be skipped, e.g. in IU-piter.
The Vowels Y,A,U or simplified I, A, U symbolize eternity, which in most PIE-languages has been
composed by a long series of long vowels.
In the transitory dialects (such as Savoyard, Sardinian and Walloon) the ego-pronoun (singular)
often reveals similarity to the sky-god's name.

Conclusion
Series of vowels A, E, I, U, O have been used to symbolize eternity and stability. The same vowels
also have been chosen to compose a great number of personal pronouns of the first person singular
for some languages which have been found in regions inside the former Roman Empire.
The same vowel cores and a few special consonants D, T, Z, S, Z also have been used to
compose the name for the sky-god Dyaus and its derivatives. Therefore the personal pronouns of
the first person singular for some languages may be derived from the corresponding names for the
sky-god Dyaus and its derivatives. This method is restricted to the regions inside the former Roman
Empire.
Outside the boundaries of the Roman Empire the personal pronouns of the first person singular do
not generally correlate to the names for the sky-god Dyaus and its derivatives. Instead the personal
pronouns of the first person in dual forms does correlate to the reversed form of the corresponding
names for the sky-god Dyaus and its derivatives. This method is found in Old-Dutch, Northern
Frisian, Old English and Old Norse.
The Mirror between Tw and it (Wit)
A Dutch website Forgotten Words1 lists the correlated words Tuw (the old-Dutch sky-god) and
the corresponding mirrored personal pronoun for the first person in the dual form (both of us):
Tuw2 m., Tij2 1 God, sky-father, The Lord of light and righteousness, the former
highest god of Germanic (pagan) religion, ew. Dings/Dijs Frisian Tij (in tiisdei),
English Tue (in Tuesday), Norwegian Ty, Icelandic Tr in tuwsdag, from
tuw1/tij1, ...

wut vnw., wit 1 both of us, the two of us (subject) obsolete Northern Frisian wat, wt,
Icelandic vi compared to onk1 both of us (object), jut/jit both of you (subject),
ink1 both of you (subject)

Tuw and Wut may be considered as mirrored pairs, in which the sound and/or the letter sequence is
to be reversed.
In Old-English the personal pronouns of the 1st person dualis is it (Wit) / it (Git) and may be
found by mirroring the name of the sky-god Tw, respectively Tg.

The dual mechanism in English, Frisian, Icelandic and Slavic language

In English, Frisian, Icelandic and Slavic language the dual form presents a uniform mechanism
between the words for sky-father and the dual form personal pronoun of the 1 st person (both of
us). In Slavic language the dualis form for the personal pronoun of the 1 st person is v, which
clearly is comparable to wut:
Standard Slovene has replaced the nominative dual pronouns of Common Slavic (v
"the two of us", va "the two of you", ja/ji/ji "the two of them" [m./f./n.]) with new
synthetic dual forms: midva/midve (literally, "we-two"), vidva/vidve,
2
onadva/onidve/onidve.[23]

The missing part is the Slavic divine name, which in analogy to Tuw correlates to the Slavic
personal pronoun of the 1st person v.
Now Tuw (Dings/Dijs, Tij, Tue, Ty, Tr) is Old-Dutch may be interpreted as Tuisto's father.
In the historical manuscripts Tuisto ( Tuisco) himself is to be found only once. Tacitus relates that
"ancient songs" (Latin carminibus antiquis) of the Germanic peoples celebrated Tuisto as "a god,
born of the earth" (deum terra editum). 3
The Germania manuscript corpus contains two primary variant readings of the name. The most
frequently occurring, Tuisto, is commonly connected to the Proto-Germanic root *tvai "two" and
its derivative *tvis "twice" or "doubled", thus giving Tuisto the core meaning "double". Any
assumption of a gender inference is entirely conjectural, as the tvia/tvis roots are also the roots of
any number of other concepts/words in the Germanic languages.
The second variant of the name, occurring originally in manuscript E, reads Tuisco. One proposed
etymology for this variant reconstructs a Proto-Germanic *tiwisko and connects this with Proto-
Germanic *Tiwaz, giving the meaning "son of Tiu". This interpretation would thus make Tuisco the
son of the sky-god (Proto-Indo-European *Dyeus) and the earth-goddess.[1]4

1 Vergeten woorden | Taaldacht

2 Slavic languages in Dual (grammatical number)
3 Tuisto (Wikipedia)
4 Tuisto - Etymology (Wikipedia)
Svantovit
I noticed Svetovid (respectively Svantovit[1][2][3] or Sventovit) follows a similar concept as
Tuisco5. In Svetovid's name (also spelled as Svantevit, Sveti Vid, Swantewit, Svetovit, Svatovit,
witowit or 6) Sven an attribute such as saint Tovit (or Tevit, Towit respectively
Tewit). The similarity to Dyaus may be improved by assuming to replace the v by a u.
Alternative names are:
Naam 1 en 2 Core 1 Core v u Taalbereik
3 2 en 3
w Svantevit Svante vit Svan tevit teuit Wendish, alternative name in Ukrainian
and possibly the original proto-Slavic name
u Svitovyd Svito vyd Svi tovyd touyd Ukrainian
u Svyatovit Svyato vit Svya tovit touit alternative name in Ukrainian
u Svyentovit Svyento vit Svyen tovit touit alternative name in Ukrainian
p witowit wito wit wi towit touuit Polish
p wiatowid wiato wid wia towid touuid Polish
j Svetovid Sveto vid Sve tovid touid Serbian, Croatian, Slovenian, Macedonian
and Bosnian, and alternative name in
Bulgarian
j Suvid Su vid Su vid uid alternative name in Serbian, Croatian and
Bosnian
j Svantevid Svante vid Svan tevid teuid alternative name in Serbian, Croatian and
Bosnian
j Svantovid Svanto vid Svan tovid touid alternative name in Serbian, Croatian and
Bosnian
j Zvantevith Zvante vith Zvan tevith teuith Latin and alternative name in Serbian and
Croatian
c Svantovit Svanto vit Svan tovit touit Czech and Slovak
c Svantovt Svanto vit Svan tovit touit Czech
Swantovt Swanto vt Swan tovit touit
Sventovit Svento vt Sven tovit touit
Sutvid, Sut vid Sut vid uid
Svevid Sve vid Sve vid uid
Vid Vid vid uid
Sveti Vid Vid Sveti vid uid
Table 1: Alternative names for Svantovit (from: Alternative names)

5 The second variant of the name, occurring originally in manuscript E, reads Tuisco. One proposed etymology for
this variant reconstructs a Proto-Germanic *tiwisko and connects this with Proto-Germanic *Tiwaz, giving the
meaning "son of Tiu". This interpretation would thus make Tuisco the son of the sky-god (Proto-Indo-European
*Dyeus) and the earth-goddess.[1] (from: Tuisto)
6 Source: Svantovit
The forms Sventevith and Zvantewith show that the name derives from the word svt, meaning
"saint, holy". The second stem is sometimes reconstructed as vit="lord, ruler, winner".
Svetovid is the Slavic version of the neighbor Germanic sky-god Tuisco. The leading consonant
T in Tovit symbolizes the duality, which may have produced a 4-fold facial structure.
In the naming variant Vid instead of Tovit the sky-god directly relates to the personal pronoun
of the 1st person in dual (v = "the two of us").
These names may be sketched in the following European map:

1: European map with the names of the sky-god and the personal pronouns (for the dual,
respectively singular form)

In the locations where no dual forms are used the markers refer tot the ego-pronoun (singular),
which usually is found inside the borders of the Roman Empire.
The Slavic names Svetovid and its variants are covering large areas and may even represent
transitory regions in which both variants of the sky-god's names Tovit and Vit exist.
In the transitory dialects (such as Savoyard, Sardinian and Walloon) the ego-pronoun (singular)
often reveals similarity to the sky-god's name.7

7 The Ego-pronouns and Divine Names in Savoy French Dialects

The Roman Empire
As a remarkable feature the linguistic regions English, Frisian, Northern Frisian, Icelandic and
Slavic languages are found outside the Roman borderlines. The Romans never really or fully
occupied these areas, which allowed the population to conserve those irregular linguistic anomalies
such as the dual form. Where nu dual form is used anymore the markers in the map refer to the ego-
pronoun (singular form), which mostly is found within the Roman borders.

Language Sky-god, God Both of us (dual) I (singular) Marker at the map

Old-Dutch Tuw, Tij wut, wit ic, ik Tuw, Tij (wut, wit)
Northern Frisian wat, wt Tij (wat, wt)

Frisian Tij ik

English Tue I
8
Old English Tw, Tg it (Wit) / it (Git) ic, c, Y Tw, Tg (it, it)
Norse Ty, T-var ek
Old Norse T (?) vi (?) Ek (?) T (vi)
Icelandic Tr vi g Tr (vi)
Slavic Svan-tovit v ja Svantovit (v)
French Dieu je Dieu (je)
Provencal Diu iu Diu (iu)
Italian Dio io Dio (io)
Spanish Dios yo Dios (yo)
Portuguese Deus eu Deus (eu)
Sicilian Diu iu Diu (iu)
Romanian Zeu eu Zeu (eu)
Nmes (F.) Dou yiou Dou (yiou)
Savoye (Montagny) Dzeu dzou Dzeu (dzou)
Savoye (central) Dyu de Dyu (de)
Savoye Dyu, ze Dyu (ze)
(Bessans, Giettaz) Dzye, Dezyeu
Sardinian Deu du Deu (du)
(Campidanese)
Walloon Diu, Dju, Di dji Diu (dji)
2 Table with the European names of the sky-god and the personal pronouns
(for the dual, respectively singular form)

8 In Germanic languages the dual therefore remained only in the first- and second-person pronouns
and their accompanying verb forms. Old English, Old Norse and the other old Germanic languages had dual
marking only in the personal pronouns, but not in the verbs. (The Nuclear Pillars of Symbolism)
The symbolism of consonants in Tuw, Tusto, Ziu, Dyaus, Deus, Zeus, Iu-piter

The leading consonants T, D respectively Z in Tu, Dyaus and Zeus

Tuisco is supposed to represent a dual or twin character. Therefore the T in Tuisco may represent
this duality9 and the consonants T in the sky-god Tui, respectively D in the PIE-root
Dyaus, Dieu, S in Sius and Z in Ziu, Zeus are all considered as a symbol for a dual
deity.

The trailing consonants S in Dyaus, Deus, Zeus

One proposed etymology for the Tuisco reconstructs a Proto-Germanic *tiwisko and
connects this with Proto-Germanic *Tiwaz, giving the meaning "son of Tiu". This
interpretation would thus make Tuisco the son of the sky-god (Proto-Indo-European
*Dyeus) and the earth-goddess.[1] 10

The symbolism of the vowels in Tuw, Tusto, Dyaus, Deus, Zeus, Iu-piter & Dieu
The symbolism of the vowels divine names already has been documented in The World's Pillar in
the Words and a number of earlier manuscripts11. The vowels of the sky-god are to be considered as
symbolic pillars to support the sky. The stability of the sky is known to have been the only concern
for the Celts at their meeting and discussion with Alexander the Great12:
There is but one thing that we fear, namely, that the sky should fall on us ...

Originally only three vowels had been used to symbolize eternal stability, which is documented in
the the vowels A, I U in the old-Persian alphabet, which also may be found in the PIE-name Dyaus.
The other vowels have been added in later phases. The A is a standard sound at a wide opened
mouth. The I and U are the extreme boundary sounds for utterances with the nearly closed lips.
The E and O represent transitory positions.
According to Demetrius the various vowels in the series IAU (respectively in Greek language:
IA), IAEOU, IAEHOU have been sung by the Egyptian priests. In De Elocutione the
author Demetrius13 refers to a 7 vowel Name, probably: IAOUHE (14).
In the end the number of vowels for the magic Mithras-formulas is extended in long series of
vowels such as ...15.

9 The Germania manuscript corpus contains two primary variant readings of the name. The most frequently
occurring, Tuisto, is commonly connected to the Proto-Germanic root *tvai "two" and its derivative *tvis
"twice" or "doubled", thus giving Tuisto the core meaning "double". (Etymology in Wikipedia's Tuisto)
10 Tuisco
11 The World's Pillar in the Words, Dyaus in the Germanic Weekdays, Etymology for the Name Dyaus, The Derivation
of European Ego-Pronouns From the PIE-Sky-God Dyaus en Zur Ableitung der Ego-Pronomina aus dem PIE-
Namen Dyaus
12 Myths and Legends of the Celtic Race: Chapter I: The Celts in Ancient
13 Notes to the vowels in De Elocutione of Demetrius (Demetrius On style, the Greek text of Demetrius De
elocutione ...
14 Proceedings in the Pronouns' Etymology Summary - The Vowels' Symbolism in Archaic Hymns
15 The Vowels AEEIOYO in the Mithras Liturgy,
AEIOU
The Romans restricted the number of vowels to the 5-letter traditional standard AEIOU of the
Roman alphabet, although the emperor Claudius suggested the Roman people badly needed three
extra letter symbols. One of these was a vowel comparable to the Greek Y. Another letter was a
consonant to discern the vowel U from the consonant V. The V had been used for the U-vowel
and the V-consonant.
AEIOU also had been chosen as a symbolic device personally used by Habsburg emperor Frederick
III (141593)16. AEIOU also had been chosen as a seal motto for both abbesses (1423-1467 and
1467-1503) of the Ribnitz cloister 17:

2: Medieval AEIOU-seal of 2 abbesses of the monastery

Ribnitz

source: Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch:

Seal of the Countess Hedwig von Meklenburg,
Abbess of the Cloister Ribnitz, 1423-1467,
and the Countess Elisabeth, Hedwig's successor

The countess used this seal for two contracts:dated at Sunday following Katherine 1452
and Wednesday before Oculi 1467.

It might be difficult to find out for what reason the abbess Hedwig had chosen these vowels for a
seal. But the author Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch is convinced that this choice for the vowel
combination had been controlled by emperor Frederick III (14151493).18
The true background for the mythical Habsburg device AEIOU has never been unveiled. It is a
secret which must be solved by other generations.

The Roman numbering system, which refers to Jupiter

Although other numbering systems allowed a better calculation efficiency the Romans refused to
simply give up their IV-based numbering system, which had been based on the I & V-characters,
which also refer to the IU-core of the Roman sky-god IU-piter, who according to Varro had to be
considered as Father & Mother simultaneously:
Valerius Soranus : Jupiter, Lord over kings, over things, over gods, Father and Mother
of gods, he is one, he is ... 19

16 The A.E.I.O.U-device of Frederick III

17 Die AEIOU-Signatur des Kaisers Friedrich III Source: Jahrbcher des Vereins fr Mecklenburgische Geschichte
und Altertumskunde, Band 21 (1856), S. 314-315
18 Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch: Siegel der Herzogin Hedwig von Meklenburg, Aebtissin des Klosters Ribnitz,
1423, + 1467, und der Herzogin Elisabeth, Hedwigs Nachfolgerin
19 quoted by Saint Augustine in The City of God, Books IVII (The Fathers of the Church, Volume 8)
Conclusion
Series of vowels A, E, I, U, O have been used to symbolize eternity and stability. The same vowels
also have been chosen to compose a great number of personal pronouns of the first person singular
for some languages which have been found in regions inside the former Roman Empire.
The same vowel cores and a few special consonants D, T, Z, S, Z also have been used to
compose the name for the sky-god Dyaus and its derivatives. Therefore the personal pronouns of
the first person singular for some languages may be derived from the corresponding names for the
sky-god Dyaus and its derivatives. This method is restricted to the regions inside the former Roman
Empire.
Outside the boundaries of the Roman Empire the personal pronouns of the first person singular do
not generally correlate to the names for the sky-god Dyaus and its derivatives. Instead the personal
pronouns of the first person in dual forms does correlate to the reversed form of the corresponding
names for the sky-god Dyaus and its derivatives. This method is found in Old-Dutch, Northern
Frisian, Old English and Old Norse.
Contents
Abstract.......................................................................................................................................1
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................1
The Mirror between Tw and it (Wit) ......................................................................................2
The dual mechanism in English, Frisian, Icelandic and Slavic language...................................2
Svantovit.....................................................................................................................................3
The Roman Empire.....................................................................................................................5
The symbolism of consonants in Tuw, Tusto, Ziu, Dyaus, Deus, Zeus, Iu-piter ......................6
The leading consonants T, D respectively Z in Tu, Dyaus and Zeus....................................6
The trailing consonants S in Dyaus, Deus, Zeus....................................................................6
The symbolism of the vowels in Tuw, Tusto, Dyaus, Deus, Zeus, Iu-piter & Dieu..................6
AEIOU........................................................................................................................................7
The Roman numbering system, which refers to Jupiter..............................................................7
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................8