1A question formation 1 Can you drive? Why are you crying? 2 Where do you live? Did you go out lastnight? 3 Why 4 What are they talking about? Whereis she froma? 6 Could you tell me where this bus goes? Do you know if he’s coming? 1 To make questions with modal verbs and with tenses where there is an auxiliary verb (be, have, et.) invert the subject and the modal / auxiliary verb, 2 With the simple present and simple past, add do / does or did before the subject. 3 We often use negative questions to show surprise or when ‘we expect somebody to agree with us. auxiliary verbs 3 A Lloved the movie. B Sodid ‘A Thaventt finished yet He a doctor and so is his wife. 4A Iweat toa psychic yesterday. B You did? n't you like the play? Isnt this a beautiful place? 5 Who lives in this house? How many people came to the party? 1 A. Do you speak Chinese? B Yes, Ido. Fairly wel. 2 [like dogs, but my husband doesn’t. jim’ coming, but Anna isn’t 6 You won't forget, will you? Your wife can speak Portuguese, can’t she? 4. Ifa verb is followed by a preposition, the preposition often comes at the end of the question, eg, What are you taking about? NOT About-what-are you talking? + We often use just the question word and the preposition ef A Tm thinking. B About what? OR What about? 5 When who / what / which, etc isthe subject of the question, don't tse do / did, eg, Who sre this? NOT Who -e- write this? 6 Use indirect questions when you want to ask a question in a more polite way. Where does shelve? (direct) Could you tell me where she lives? (indirect) + In indirect questions the orders subject + verb. Gan you tell me where it is? NOT + Dorit use do / did in the second part ofthe question, eg, eo you kntow where he lives? NOT + You can use ifor whether after Can you tell me, Do you know, ete. Can you tell me if! whether heat home? 4 to make “echo questions,’ to show interest. 5 to show emphasis in an affirmative sentence. With the simple present and simple past, add do does did before the main verb. With other tenses, stress the auxiliary verb. 6 to make tag questions. Use an affirmative tag question after a negative statement and a negative A Ill make the dinnez. B You will? That’ great! ie Se ec oleae cater 5A You didnitlack the door! __B I did lock it I promise. Dia ueine se chnentent Toh A Silvia isnt coming. B She is coming. 1 just spoke to her. ‘anothes person to afyes With You a Itsa nice day, isi itt ese eee eee In this cate the tag question i eal with falling I in short answers instead of answering just Yes/ No. 2 to avoid repeating the main verb / verb phrase, & Tike dogs, but my husband doesn (ike-dogs). 3. with so and neither to say that something is the same. Use so + auailiary + subject to agree wit ‘an affirmative statement. Use neither (or nor) + auailiary + subject to agree with a negative statement. intonation, ie, the voice goes down. + Tag questions can also be used to check something you think is true, eg, ‘She’ a painter, isn't she? In this case the tag question i said with rising {ntonation, asin a regular Yes / No question. 1c present perfect (simple and continuous) present perfect simple: have / has + past participle present perfect continuous: have / has + been + verb + -ing 1 Pve been to Braz Have you ever broken your leg? 2 Wehavert called the doctor yet. Pre already fnished my hunch. 5 Its the best book Pve ever read. the fist time weve done this 4 Alle guestshave arrived. 5 Pve known her since {was a child SShé'shad the job for six months {6 How many of his books have you read? ‘hes been out twice this week Use the present perfect simple: 1 to talk about past experiences when you dot say when sometinghappened 2 with already and yet 3 wth superlatives and the fir, second, ast time, et 4 For finished actions (no time i specified) that are connected in some way withthe presen. 5 vith How long and for | since with non-action ‘verbs (= verbs not usually used inthe continuous form, eg, be, have, kro ike ete) to say that something started inthe past andi sil true nove 6 when we sy asc how much | many we have done Ot how often we have done sonnething up to now. 1 How long have you been feeling like this? Tve been working here for two months. 2 Thayer’t been sleeping well recently Its been raining on and off all day. 3 I've been shopping all morning. I'm exhausted. | A Take your shoes off. They're filthy. B Yes, Fknow. F've been working in the garden Use the present perfect continuous 1 with How long? and for since with action verbs to say that an action started in the past and is still happening now. 2 for repeated actions, especially with atime expression, eg all day, recent. 3 for continuous actions that have just finished (but that have present results). present perfect simple or continuous? 1 We've lived / We've been living in this town since 1980. ‘We've been living in an apartment for the last two months 2 I've read that book. I've been reading that book. 1 With How long? and for/ since you can often use the present perfect simple or continuous. However, we often prefer the present perfect ‘continuous for shorter, more temporary actions, 2 The present perfect simple emphasizes the completion of an ection (= I've finished reading the book). The present perfect continuous emphasizes the continuation of an action (= I havent finished reading the book).1A a Order the words to make questions. friend known long best have How you your How long have you known your bestfriend? Ce UEU ELT 'b Complete the questions. ‘Where — did you goon vacation last year? (you / go) 1 How often exercise? (you / do) 6: esis. Send! even dest ‘Do 2 Who Grime and Punishment (write) 3 Could you tell me how much 2 (this book / cost) 2 party was a time you to the When last went yor near tell is there 4 What at the end of the movie? (happen) 2 all tial ‘bees Sh me eae ithe: your trip to Peru last summer? (you / enjoy) 4 dinner usually Who the cooks 5 shopping do going Who like you with 6 What kind of music 2 (Tim f usually listen to) 8 u 7 Who ‘Mias backpack? (steal) 6 on dorit weekends you What doing like 8 Do you know when —_? (the swimming pool / open) 7 car to would What you kind like buy of 9 Where your boyfriend tonight? (you / meet) 8 you time concert know ends Do what the 10 Can you remember where 2 (she / live) Complete the dialogues with an auxiliary. A You didait remember to buy coffee, BI did _Itson the shelf 1A Itscold today, ____it?_B Yes, its freezing, 2 A So you didsit go to the meeting? BI go to the meeting, but I let early. 3A What did you think of the movie? B Hiro liked it, but I I thought it was awful 4 A Iwouldnt like to be famous. B Neither ___1. 5 A Claudia doesn't like me. B She _____ ike you. She thinks yout very nice, 6 A Sarah had a baby. B She 11 didn't know she was pregnant! 7 A Will your boyfriend be at the party? B No, he __.. He’ away this week. 8 A Teanit come tonight. B You_"? Why not Complete the conversation with auxiliary verbs, A You're Marco’ sister, .arentt you? B Yes1! A Its. great club, 2 it B Yes, it?__. But I dori lke the music much. A Yous? love it! B Really?$ __ you been here before? A Nol B Neither? L A Soyous ‘go out much, then? B Well, 1. go out, but 119__goto clubs very often, A Oh,11__ Tove clubbing B a like something to drink. A So 2___1. Let’ go to the bar. 1c @ Circle the correct form of the verb. Put a check (WV) next to the sentence if both forms are correct. Have you ever (ried) been trying caviar? 1 She’ lived | She's been living here for years. 2. Your boss has called / has been calling three times this morning! 3 The kids are exhausted because they've played / they've been playing ‘outside all day. 4 He hasnt seen | He hast been seeing the new James Bond movie yet. 5 T've never met | 've never been meeting his wife. Have you? 6 Weve studied | We've been studying English all our lives. 7 Tve leaned up / I've been cleaning up the garage all afternoon. Tm nearly finished. 8 We've already had / Weve already been having breakfast. 9 How long have you had / have you been having your car? 10 The train has left / has been leaving the station. The next one leaves in an hour. MultiROM www.cup.comy/elt/americanenglshfile/4 Complete the sentences with the present perfect simple or continuous. Tue Bought a new car. Do you like i? (buy) 1 We Jack and Ann for years. (know) 2 You look hot 2 (you / run) 3 Rose her homework, so she carit go ‘out. (not do) 4 Did you know that__? They livein Boston now. (they / move) 5 How long together? Five months? (Laura and Adam / go out) 6 time to cook dinner. Why don't we get a pizza? (not have) 7 We for hours. I think we're lost. (drive) 8 ___ my cookies There are only a few left! (you / eat) 133