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Monoxide
R. J. ANDREINI, J. S. F O S T E R , AND R. B. P H I L L I P S
r e m o v a l is i l l u s t r a t e d in F i g . 1. I n c r e a s i n g the f l o w -
r a t e i n c r e a s e s the r a t e of d e o x i d a t i o n of the m e l t ,
as is to be e x p e c t e d . I n c r e a s i n g the o r i f i c e d i a m e t e r
(at c o n s t a n t o r i f i c e R e y n o l d s n u m b e r ) a l s o s i g n i f i c a n t l y
i n c r e a s e s the r a t e of oxygen r e m o v a l , as is shown in \
F i g . 2. F i g u r e 3 r e v e a l s that the k i n e t i c s of d e o x i d a -
tion o v e r the r a n g e of 10 to 200 ppm s u l f u r a r e e s s e n - \ \ A~24
t i a l l y i n d ep en d en t of the s u l f u r content. T h e e f f e c t of -4.0 21-- ~A__14 ~LX~ ZX
t e m p e r a t u r e o v e r the r a n g e of 1113 to 1173~ is i l l u s -
t r a t e d in F i g . 4 and the e f f e c t of i n i t i a l o x y g e n c o n c e n -
t r a t i o n is p r e s e n t e d in F i g . 5. P l o t s of In (C/C o) vs -5,0 A
t i m e a r e p r e s e n t e d in a l l c a s e s b e c a u s e the i n i t i a l 0 I0 20 30 40 50
oxygen content v a r i e d s l i g h t l y f r o m t e s t to t e s t with TIME (rain)
r e s p e c t to that d e s i r e d . Fig. 2--Effect of orifice diameter on the kinetics of oxygen r e -
A l l of the p l o t s g e n e r a t e d c o n s i s t of t h r e e r e l a t i v e l y moval by carbon monoxide. Segments of curves are divided by
d i s t i n c t s e g m e n t s . C o m m e n c i n g at the i n i t i a t i o n of a arrows.
D i s c u s s i o n of P o s s i b l e Rate
oA Controlling Mechanisms
-6,0
Gas p h a s e c o n t r o l of the o v e r a l l r a t e in high t e m -
"\ p e r a t u r e m e t a l l u r g i c a l r e a c t i o n s y s t e m s of the type
O\o ~5 i n v e s t i g a t e d h e r e s e e m s e x t r e m e l y doubtful. D a v i d s o n
-7.0 n , , ! I 9 o
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 and H a r r i s o n ~6 have shown that the r a t i o of m a s s t r a n s -
TIME (rain) f e r c o e f f i c i e n t s of the gas and liquid p h a s e s is r e l a t e d
F i g . 3 - - E f f e c t of s u l f u r c o n c e n t r a t i o n f r o m 10 to 200 p p m on to the s q u a r e r o o t of the r e l a t i v e d i f f u s i v i t i e s . At
t h e k i n e t i c s of o x y g e n r e m o v a l by c a r b o n m o n o x i d e w i t h an 1113~ the d i f f u s i v i t y of oxygen is about 6.5(10) -~
i n i t i a l o x y g e n c o n t e n t of 5000 p p m . S e g m e n t s of c u r v e s a r e c m 2 / s (Refs. 17-20) while the diffusion c o e f f i c i e n t of
d i v i d e d by a r r o w s .
CO in CO2 is p e r h a p s five o r d e r s of m a g n i t u d e
l a r g e r . 2~'~2 T h u s , kg/le L m u s t be v e r y l a r g e , p a r t i c u -
0`0 9 1113e C
l a r l y when c o n v e c t i o n in the gas is c o n s i d e r e d .
O&'~,l .~4b 9
T h e r e l a t i v e p r o p o r t i o n s of the liquid p h a s e d i f f u s i o n
9 NReo= 180
and r e a c t i o n p r o c e s s e s with r e s p e c t to the o v e r a l l
~'~e~e ~ Initial Oxygen = 1 0 0 0 p p m
-I.0 t r a n s p o r t r e s i s t a n c e m a y be e x a m i n e d by a n a l y s i s of
Initial Sulfur = 2 0 0 ppm
the n a t u r e of the r e a c t i o n s y s t e m . F o r s e r i e s type
-2.0
2.,.\L OrifiCe Diameter = 0.050 cm
t r a n s f e r of the type c o n s i d e r e d h e r e , the e x p e r i m e n t a l ,
g
c) O.O 9 I~iflO] Oxygen = ~000 ppm
c 9 Initial Oxygen ~ 3000ppm
-3.0 9 Initial Oxygen :~ 5000pprn
Table I. Kinetic Data for the Deoxidation of Liquid Copper by Carbon Monoxide. (All k values are X 10 2 cm/s. Except as noted all experiments conducted at 1113~
Pct Reaction
do, cm Nge o ~[O] i, ppm ~[S] i, ppm kexp kL kg Resistance [O] Ranger, ppm
0.10 180 1000 lO 4.53 4.67 151 3 226-21
0.10 120 1000 10 5.24 4.82 0 281-14
0.05 t80 I000 I0 3.72 5.16 13.3 28 204-49
0.05 120 1000 10 4.44 5.41 24,8 18 209-24
0.05 60 1000 10 4.20 5.70 16.1 26 109-33
0.05 180 1000 100 4.11 5.16 20.2 20 143-10
0.05 120 1000 100 4.86 5.41 47.8 10 252-9
0.05 60 1000 100 4.71 5.70 27.1 17 153-11
0.05 180 1000 200 4.05 5.16 18.8 22 273-21
0.05 60 1000 200 4.21 5.70 16.1 26 107-32
0.05 180 5000 10 1.57 5.16 2.26 70 888-32
0.05 180 5000 200 1.53 5.16 2.17 70 861-36
0.05 180 3000 10 2.98 5.16 7.05 42 282-42
0.05 120 2500 200 2.33 5.41 4.09 57 485-57
0.05* 180 1000 200 3.10 5.44 7.21 43 339-72
0.05* 120 1000 200 3.51 5.59 9.43 37 25246
*Experimental temperature was 1173~
tValues correspond to arrows on Figs. 1-5.
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