Precalculus Name:______________________________

Pretest- Conic Sections

Date:_______________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE (INDICATE YOUR ANSWERS IN THE SPACE PROVIDED):

x2 y2
(1) Which graph represents the equation 1?
4 4
(1)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(2) The equation x2 8y2 = 16 represents which conic section?

(2)

(a) circle (b) parabola (c) hyperbola (d) ellipse

(3) The equation x2 + y2 = 8 represents a circle with a radius of:

(3)

(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 2 2 (d) 2

(4) If (x 3)2 + (y + 5)2 = 9 is the equation of a circle, the coordinates of

the center and the length of the radius are:

(4)

(a) (3, -5); 9 (b) (-3, 5); 9 (c) (-3, 5); 3 (d) (3, -5); 3

1
(5) For the graph of which equation is x = 2 an equation of the axis of
symmetry:

(5)

(a) x2 4x 6 = y
(b) 3x2 + 6x 8 = y
(c) x2 + 2x 3 = y
(d) 4x2 2x + 10 = y

(6) Which equation represents a circle with a center at (7, 0) and radius
of 4?

(6)

(a) (x 7)2 + y2 = 16
(b) x2 + (y 7)2 = 2
(c) (x 7)2 + y2 = 4
(d) x2 + (y 7)2 = 8

(7) Which of the following represents the equation of a hyperbola?

(7)

(a) x + y = 16
(b) x2 + y2 = 16
(c) x2 y2 = 16
(d) 2x2 + y2 = 16

(8) Which of the following represents the equation of an ellipse?

(8)

(a) x2 + y2 = 400
(b) 25x2 + 16y2 = 400
(c) xy = 400
(d) x2 y2 = 400

2
Precalculus Name:__________________________________
Lesson- writing and using circle equations
Date:___________________________________

Objectives: write and use the standard and general form equations to graph circles

Do Now: Solve the following quadratic by completing the square:

2x2 4x 1 0

_______________________________________________________________________________________
General form of a conic: Ax 2 Bxy Cy 2 Dx Ey F 0
The different values of the coefficients determine which type of conic the equation forms.

Circles- locus of points equidistant from a single point. The general formula is as follows:
( x h) 2 ( y k ) 2 r 2 ; where (h,k) is the center of the circle and r is the radius.

When the center of the circle is at the origin, the formula collapses down to:
x2 y2 r 2

Example:
Determine the values of the center and radius of the following circle equations.
(1) x2 y 2 8 (2) ( x 2) 2 y 2 25

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Writing Standard Form Equations & Graphing Circles:

(1) center at (3, -2) and radius (2) center at (2, 5) and radius (3) center at (-3, 2) and
of 3: of 3 : tangent to the x-axis:

y y y

3
x x
Writing General Form Equations for Circles:

Find the center and radius of the circle given each general form equation:

(1) x2 + y2 + 6x 4y 23 = 0

(2) x2 + y2 8x + 10y + 25 = 0

(2) x 2 y 2 3x 2 y 21 0

4
Precalculus
HW- Circle Equations
Using the given circle information:
(a) write the general form equation
Name:__________________________________
Date:___________________________________
(b) graph the circle

(1) center at (0, 0) and radius (2) center at (-4, 2) and radius (3) center at (-1, -3) and radius
of 4: of 1: of 5 :

Using the given equation of a circle:

(a) find the center (b) find the radius

(4) (x 5)2 + (y + 7)2 = 15 (5) x2 + y2 2x 10y 55 = 0

(6) x2 + y2 6x 4y 36 = 0 (7) x2 + y2 + 4x + 10y + 15 = 0

5
Precalculus Name:__________________________________
Lesson- write and use parabola equations
Date:___________________________________
Objectives: write and use the standard and general form equations to graph parabolas

Do Now: Write the equation of the circle given the center (2,3) and radius 12

Parabolas- locus of points equidistant from a fixed point and a fixed line, where the point is considered the
focus and the line is considered the directrix. **Note the vertex is always the distance between the focus
and directrix
Let PF be the distance from any point on the parabola to the focus.
PM be the distance from any point on the parabola to the directrix.

Rule: PF=PM

Therefore: ( x h) 2 ( y k ) 2 ( y d ) 2 ; where (h,k) is the focus and d is the horizontal directrix

Or
( x h) 2 ( y k ) 2 ( x d ) 2 ; where (h,k) is the focus and d is the vertical directrix

To write the equation of a parabola give the focus and directrix, follow the steps below.
1. Find the distance between the variable coordinate (x,y) and the focus using the distance formula.
2. Find the distance between the variable coordinate (x,y) and the directrix using the distance formula..
3. Set the result of step one equal to step two and solve for y in terms of x if directrix is horizontal or solve
for x in terms of y if directrix is vertical.

To determine the focus of an equation in standard form if horizontal directrix:

Focus (h, k+a)

To determine the focus of an equation in standard form if vertical directrix:

Focus (h+a, k)

Examples: Write the equation of the parabola given the following information.
1. Focus: (1,2) 2. Focus: (1,0)
Directrix: y 1 Directrix: x 2

6
Using the given information, find the equation of the parabola in standard form:

1. focus at (2, 1), equation of the directrix is x = -2

2. vertex at (-1, 4), focus at (-1, 3)

3. focus at (0, 6), equation of axis of symmetry is y = 6, distance from focus to directrix is 3 to the left

4. focus at (4, -1), equation of the directrix is y = -5

_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. vertex at (-5, 1), focus at (2, 1)

7
6. focus at (7, -3), equation of the directrix is y = 1

7. vertex at the origin, focus at (0, 12)

8. vertex at the origin, equation of the directrix is x = -2

9. vertex at (-4, 5), focus at (-9, 5)

8
Precalculus Name:__________________________________
Lesson- Graphing ellipse equations
Date:___________________________________

Objectives: write and use the standard form equation to graph ellipses

Do Now: Write the equation of the parabola given the focus: (2,2) and directrix: y 2

Ellipse- the set of all points in a plane such that the sum of the distances from 2 fixed points (foci) is constant.

x2 y2
Standard form with center at (0,0): 1;
( x) 2 (y ) 2

where ( x ) 2 = horizontal change of vertices from center & ( y ) 2 = vertical change of vertices from center.

( x h) 2 ( y k ) 2
Standard form with center at (h,k) but also has its major axis on either axis: 1
( x ) 2 ( y ) 2

Major axis: The line segment passing through the foci and intersecting the vertices.
Minor axis: The perpendicular bisector of the major axis

To graph an ellipse:
Determine the center and vertices
Determine the location of the foci (Note: the distance from the end point of the minor axis to one of the
foci is equal to the distance of the major axis. Use the Pythagorean theorem.)
Big D Little D distance from center to focus.

Draw a final sketch of the graph.

9
Standard Form Equations & Graphing Ellipses:
Given the equation of an ellipse in standard form:
(a) find the coordinates of the center, foci, and vertices
(b) graph the ellipse (on a separate sheet of graph paper)

x2 y2 ( x 1)2 ( y 3)2
(1) 1 (2) 1
4 1 100 5

( x 1) 2 ( y 3)2 x2 y2
(3) 1 (4) 1
25 16 6 18

10
11
Precalculus Name:__________________________________
HW- Graphing Ellipse Equations
Date:___________________________________

Using the given equation of an ellipse:

(a) find the coordinates of the center, foci, and vertices (b) graph the ellipse

x2 y2
(1) 1
9 4

(2)
x 4 2 y 2 2 1
9 25

12
 x2 y2
(3) 1
7 4

(4)
x 3 2 y 1 2 1
4 16

13
Precalculus Name:__________________________________
Lesson- Writing Ellipse Equations
Date:___________________________________

Objective: To learn how to write the equation of an ellipse in standard form

Writing the equation of an ellipse in standard form:

Plot the given information
Pretend that the major and minor axes are on the x and y axes unless told otherwise
Find the vertices on the major axis and the intersection of the ellipse and the minor axis
( x h) 2 ( y k ) 2
Plug into 1 ; where x and y represent the distance from center to vertices
( x ) 2 ( y ) 2
and (h,k) represent the center.

Using the given information, find the equation of the ellipse in standard form:

(1) center at (0, 0), length of vertical major axis is 20, length of minor axis is 12

(2) center at (2, 8), length of vertical minor axis is 16, distance of foci from center is 6

(3) foci on the line x = 4, minor axis on the line y = -3, length of major axis is 8, length of minor axis is 4

14
(4) center at (-3, -1), length of horizontal semi-major axis is 7, length of semi-minor axis is 5

_______________________________________________________________________________________
(5) length of semi-major axis is 2 13 , foci at (-1, 1) and (-1, -5)

(6) center at (-5, -6), length of horizontal major axis is 10, distance between foci is 8

(7) length of minor axis is 6, foci at (3, 0) and (-3, 0)

(8) center at (3, -4), length of vertical major axis is 6, length of minor axis is 2

(9) length of major axis is 8, foci at (2, 0) and (-2, 0)

Precalculus Name:__________________________________
15
Lesson: Graphing hyperbola equations
Date:___________________________________

Objective: write and use the standard form equation to graph hyperbolas
x2 y2
Do Now: Sketch the graph of 1 . Note the vertices, foci and lengths of major and minor axes.
16 4

Hyperbola: the set of all points in a plane such that the sum of the distances from 2 fixed points (foci) is
constant.

( x h) 2 ( y k ) 2 ( y k ) 2 ( x h) 2
1 or 1
( x ) 2 ( y ) 2 ( y ) 2 ( x ) 2

Transverse axis: Distances from vertices of each part of the hyperbola

Conjugate axis: Perpendicular bisector of transverse axis

To graph an hyperbola:
Determine & plot the intercepts
Create a asymptote rectangle and use to create oblique asymptotes and determine equations
Use the Pythagorean theorem or Big D Little D distance from center to focus to find the
location of the foci
This value added to and subtracted from the x-value of the center gives the foci
Draw a final sketch of the graph.
Standard Form Equations & Graphing Hyperbolas:
16
Given the equation of a hyperbola in standard form:
(c) find the coordinates of the center, foci, and vertices
(d) find the lengths of the transverse and conjugate axes
(e) find the equations of the asymptotes
(f) graph the hyperbola (on a separate sheet of graph paper)

(5)
x2 y2
1 (6)
y 3 2 x 2 2 1
16 9 25 16

(7)
y2 x2
1 (8)
x 2 2 y 2 2 1
4 16 9 25

17
18
Precalculus Name:__________________________________
HW- Graphing Hyperbola Equations
Date:___________________________________

Using the given equation of a hyperbola:

(c) find the coordinates of the center, foci, and vertices (d) find the equations of the asymptotes
(e) find the lengths of the transverse and conjugate axes (f) graph the hyperbola

x2 y2
(1) 1
25 16

y2 x2
(2) 1
9 4

19
(3)
x 3 2 y 4 2 1
4 16

20
Precalculus Name:_________________________________
Lesson- Writing Hyperbola Equations
Date:__________________________________

Objective: To learn how to write the equation of a hyperbola in standard form.

Writing the equation of a hyperbola in standard form:

Plot the given information
Create an asymptote rectangle and diagonals.
If vertical transverse axis, find the distance from the transverse and conjugate axes to the center and
( y k ) 2 ( x h) 2
plug into 1 for y and x , respectively. Plug in the center for (h,k).
( y ) 2 ( x ) 2
If horizontal transverse axis, find the distance from the transverse and conjugate axes to the center and
( x h) 2 ( y k ) 2
plug into 1 for x and y respectively. Plug in the center for (h,k).
( x ) 2 ( y ) 2

Using the given information, find the equation of the hyperbola in standard form:

(1) center at (0, 0), length of vertical transverse axis is 12, length of conjugate axis is 20

(2) center at (1, -4), length of horizontal transverse axis is 10, length of conjugate axis is 4

(3) foci at (1, -5) and (1, 1), length of transverse axis is 4

(4) vertices at (3, 4) and (3, 0), length of conjugate axis is 6

21
(5) vertices at (0, 3) and (0, -3), a focus at (0, -9)

(6) center at (-3, 3), length of horizontal conjugate axis is 12, distance between foci is 12 2

(7) center at (-1, 8), length of vertical transverse axis is 6, distance between foci is 10

(8) foci at (6, 0) and (-4, 0), length of transverse axis is 8

(9) center at (-8, 4), length of vertical conjugate axis is 12, distance of foci from center is 9

Precalculus Name:__________________________________
22
Lesson- Identify Conic Sections
Date:___________________________________

Objective: To identify various conic sections including circles, ellipses, hyperbolas, and parabolas.

DO NOW: Transform the following quadratic to standard form:

2x2 4x 1 y

_______________________________________________________________________________________
General form of a conic: Ax 2 Bxy Cy 2 Dx Ey F 0
Recall: The different values of the coefficients determine which type of conic the equation forms.
(1) y2 9x2 8y + 7 = 0

(2) y2 + 12x 2y + 13 = 0

(3) x2 + 4y2 4x + 24y + 36 = 0

(4) x2 4y2 + 6x 8y 11 = 0
23
(5) x2 2x 8y + 17 = 0

1
(6) y4 x 2 2
4

(7) 9x2 + 16y2 32y 128 = 0

(8) x2 + y2 6x + 10y 47 = 0

Precalculus Name:__________________________________
CW/HW- Recognizing Conic Sections
24
 Date:___________________________________

Objective: Practice determining the type of conic section based on the equation in general form

For each of the following:

a. Write the equation in standard form
b. Identify the conic section
c. Find the necessary points and lines relevant to that conic section
d. Graph the conic section

(1) 9x2 + 5y2 + 18x 36 = 0

(2) x2 + y2 6x 6y 18 = 0

25
(3) y2 4x + 6y + 25 = 0

(4) 4x2 y2 8x + 6y 9 = 0

26
(5) x2 y 8x + 16 = 0

(6) 9x2 + 25y2 54x 50y 119 = 0

27
(7) 16y2 9x2 + 36x 32y 164 = 0

(8) 5x2 + 2y2 40x 20y + 110 = 0

28
 Unit 5: Conic Sections
Equations, Properties & Formulas

Conic sections are used to describe all of the possible ways a plane and a double right cone can
intersect. In forming the four basic conics, the plane does not pass through the vertex of the cone.

circle ellipse Parabola hyperbola

When the plane does pass through the vertex of a conical surface, the resulting figure is called a
degenerate conic.

point line intersecting lines

(degenerate ellipse) (degenerate parabola) (degenerate hyperbola)

29
 General Form: Ax2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0

Conic
Standard Form of Equation
Section

( x h) 2 ( y k ) 2 r 2

circle

x2 y 2 r 2

( x h) 2 ( y k ) 2
ellipse 1
(x) 2 (y ) 2

( x h) 2 ( y k ) 2 ( y k ) 2 ( x h) 2
hyperbola 1 or 1
( x ) 2 ( y ) 2 ( y ) 2 ( x ) 2

parabola ( x h) 2 ( y k ) 2 ( x d ) 2

Precalculus Name:__________________________________
Review- Conic Sections Test
30
 Date:___________________________________

Part I: write the standard form equation of each conic section using the given information:

(1) An ellipse whose center is at (-1, -3), length of vertical major axis is 22, and length of minor axis is 16.

(2) A parabola whose focus is at (-1, -3) and equation of the directrix is y = 1.

(3) A hyperbola whose center is at (-1, -3), length of vertical transverse axis is 18, and distance of foci from
center is 11.

(4) An ellipse whose center is at the origin, has a vertical major axis, length of minor axis is 6, and distance
between foci is 8.

(5) A hyperbola whose center is at the origin, length of horizontal transverse axis is 14, and length of
conjugate axis is 10.

31
Part II: (a) identify the conic section represented by each general form equation
(b) write the equation in standard form
(c) find the necessary coordinates and equations relevant to that conic section
(d) graph the equation

(6) y2 8x 6y 7 = 0

(7) 4x2 9y2 + 24x 36y 36 = 0

32
(8) 4x2 + 9y2 16x 36y + 16 = 0

(9) -9x2 + 16y2 72x 96y 144 = 0

33
(10) 3x2 + 3y2 24 = 0

(11) x2 4x + 8y + 20 = 0

34