KA31903 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN 1 Semester 1 2017/2018

Tutorial 2 Design for Flexure

Lecturer: Dr. Noor Sheena Herayani Harith
Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Example 2.1
Ref. Calculations Output

A rectangular reinforced concrete beam has to support a design moment of 175 . Determine the area of
reinforcement required if the beam dimension is 250 x 500 mm ( ), concrete strength = 25 /2 and
steel strength = 500 /2 .

Specification

Size, = 250 500

Characteristic strength of concrete, = 25 /2
Characteristic strength of steel, = 500 /2
Bending moment, = 175

Determine the area of reinforcement required

Solution
Mbal = 0.167fckbd
= 0.167 x 25 x 250 x 500
= 261 kNm M Compression reinforcement is not required

M = 0.454fck( 0.4)
175 x 106 = 0.454 (25) (250) () (500 0.4 )
1135 - 1418750 + 175 x 106 = 0
- 1250 + 154185= 0
= [-b (b-4ac)]/2a
= 138.7 mm or 1111 mm

Lever arm
z = d 0.4
= 500 (0.4 x 138.7)
= 444.5 < 0.95d = 475 mm

Area of tension reinforcement

As = M/0.87fykz
= 175 x 106 / ( 0.87 x 500 x 444.5)
Use: 3H 20
= 905 mm
( 943 mm)
KA31903 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN 1 Semester 1 2017/2018
Tutorial 2 Design for Flexure
Lecturer: Dr. Noor Sheena Herayani Harith
Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Example 2.2
Ref. Calculations Output

A reinforced concrete beam is 250 x 500 mm (b x d). The tension reinforcement provided is 3H20. Determine the
ultimate capacity of the section, if = 25 /2 and = 500 /2 .

Specification

Size, = 250 500

Characteristic strength of concrete, = 25 /2
Characteristic strength of steel, = 500 /2
Reinforcement 3 H20

Determine the moment of resistance

Solution
Assuming initially that the steel stress fst achieved the design yield value 0.87fyk.

Forces
Fcc = 0.567fckb (0.8)
= 0.454 fckb = 0.454 x 25 x 250
= 2838 N
Fst = 0.87fykAs = 0.87 x 500 x 943
= 410031 N

Equilibrium of forces
Fcc= Fst
2838 = 410031
= 144.5 mm < 0.617d = 309 mm Steel has yielded as assumed

Lever arm
z = d 0.4
= 500 (0.4 x 144.5)
= 442,2 mm

Moment of resistance

M = Fst . z
= 0.87fykAsz
= 0.87 x 500 x 943 x 442.2 x 10-6
= 181 kNm
KA31903 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN 1 Semester 1 2017/2018
Tutorial 2 Design for Flexure
Lecturer: Dr. Noor Sheena Herayani Harith
Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Example 2.3
Ref. Calculations Output

A rectangular reinforced concrete beam has to support a design moment of 300 kNm. Determine the area of
reinforcement required if the beam dimension is 250 x 500 mm. (b x d), concrete strength = 25 /2 and
steel strength, = 500 /2 .

Specification

Size, = 250 500

Characteristic strength of concrete, = 25 /2
Characteristic strength of steel, = 500 /2
Bending moment, = 300

Determine the area of reinforcement required.

Solution
Mbal = 0.167fckbd
= 0.167 x 25 x 250 x 500
= 261 kNm < M Compression reinforcement is required

d = 50 mm
= 0.45d = 225.0 mm
d/ = 0.22 < 0.38 The compression steel has yielded
fsc = 0.87fyk
zbal = d 0.4 = 410 mm

Area of compression steel

( bal)
As =
0.87yk()
(300 261)x106
=
0.87 x 500 x (50050) Use: 2H 12
= 200 mm
(226 mm)

Area of tension steel

As = Mbal/0.87fykzball + As
261 x 106
= + 200
0.87 x 500 x 410
= 1663 mm
Use: 6H 20

(1885 mm)
KA31903 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN 1 Semester 1 2017/2018
Tutorial 2 Design for Flexure
Lecturer: Dr. Noor Sheena Herayani Harith
Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Example 2.4
Ref. Calculations Output

A reinforced concrete beam has a breadth of 250 mm and an effective depth of 500 mm. The tension and
compression reinforcement provided are 5H20 and 2H12 respectively. Determine the ultimate moment capacity
of the section, if = 25 /2 and = 500 /2 . The depth of compression reinforcement is 50 mm.

Specification

d = 50 mm
Size, = 250 500
Characteristic strength of concrete, = 25 /2
Characteristic strength of steel, = 500 /2
Reinforcement ,
Compression: 2H12 As= 226 mm
Tension: 6H20 As = 1885 mm
Determine the moment of resistance.

Solution
Assuming initially that the steel stress fst achieved the design yield value 0.87fyk.

Forces
Fcc = 0.454 fckb = 0.454 x 25 x 250
= 2838 N
Fsc = 0.87fykAs = 0.87 x 500 x 226
Fst = 0.87fykAs = 0.87 x 500 x 1885
= 820062 N

Equilibrium of forces
Fst= Fcc + Fsc
820062 = 2838 + 98407
= (820062 - 98407)/ 2838
= 254 mm < 0.617d = 309 mm Steel has yielded as assumed

Lever arm
z = d 0.4 = 398 mm
z1 = d d = 450 mm

Moment of resistance

M = Fcc . z + Fsc . z1
= [( 2838 x 254 x 398) + ( 98407 x 450)] x 10-6
= 332 kNm
KA31903 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN 1 Semester 1 2017/2018
Tutorial 2 Design for Flexure
Lecturer: Dr. Noor Sheena Herayani Harith
Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Example 2.5
Ref. Calculations Output

A reinforced concrete beam is subject to an ultimate design moment of 350 kNm after a 20% reduction due to
moment redistribution. The characteristic material strengths are = 30 /2 and = 500 /2 .
Determine the area of reinforcement required if the beam dimension is 225 x 600 mm (b x d) and the depth to
compression reinforcement is 45 mm.

Specification

d = 45 mm
Size, = 225 600
Characteristic strength of concrete, =
30 /2
Characteristic strength of steel, =
500 /2
Bending Moment, M = 350 kNm

Determine the area of reinforcement required.

Solution
K = M / bd fck
= 350 x 1606 ( 30 x 225 x 6002)
= 0.144
Redistribution = 20% Redistribution ratio, = 0.8
Kbal = 0.454( 1 )/ k2 - 0.182[( 1 )/ k2 ] Using: EC2
= 0.363( 1) 0.116 ( 1)
K1 = 0.44
= 0.116
K > Kbal K2 = 1.25

z = d[0.5 + 0.25 /1.134]

= 0.88d = 0.88 x 600 = 530.8 mm
= (d - z ) / 0.4 = 172.9 mm
d / = 45 / 172.9 = 0.26 <0.38
The compression steel has yielded
fsc = 0.87fyk
Area of compression steel Use: 3H 12
As = ( bal) bd/ 0.87 ( )
(0.1440.12)x ( 30 x 225 x 6002 ) (339mm)
=
0.87 x 500 x (60045)
= 286 mm

Area of tension steel

As = bal bd/ 0.87 bal + As
0.116 x ( 30 x 225 x 6002 )
= + 286 Use: 5H 20
0.87 x 500 x 531
= 1503 mm
(1571 mm)
KA31903 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN 1 Semester 1 2017/2018
Tutorial 2 Design for Flexure
Lecturer: Dr. Noor Sheena Herayani Harith
Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Example 2.6
Ref. Calculations Output

A floor system consists of a slab 100 mm thick cast integral on beams shown in Figure E2.6. The beam sizes 250
mm x 600 mm are continuously spanning 6 m between columns. Determine the effective width of beam A, and
B.

Specification

Beam : Size 250 x 600 mm

Span 6000 mm Continuous
Solution
Beam A

bw = 250 mm
b1 = (3000 250)/ 2 = 1375 mm
b2 = 0 mm
o = 0.7 = 0.7 x 6000 = 4200 mm

beff,i = 0.2bi + 0.1 o 0.2 o

0.2bi + 0.1 o = 695 mm 0.2 o = 840 mm
beff,1 = 695 mm
b = b1 + b2 + bw = 1625 mm
Effective flange width,
beff = bw + beff,i b
= 695 + 0 + 250 = 945 mm 1625 mm
= 945 mm

Beam B

bw = 250 mm
b1 = (3000 250)/ 2 = 1375 mm
b2 = (3500 350)/ 2= 1625 mm
o = 0.7 = 0.7 x 6000 = 4200 mm

beff,i = 0.2bi + 0.1 o 0.2 o

0.2b1 + 0.1 o = 695 mm 0.2 o = 840 mm
0.2b2 + 0.1 o = 745 mm
beff,1 = 695 mm
b = b1 + b2 + bw = 3250 mm
Effective flange width,
beff = bw + beff,i b
= 695 + 745 + 250 = 1690 mm 3250 mm
= 1690 mm
KA31903 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN 1 Semester 1 2017/2018
Tutorial 2 Design for Flexure
Lecturer: Dr. Noor Sheena Herayani Harith
Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Example 2.7
Ref. Calculations Output

Determine the area of steel required in a T beam with the following dimension for an applied moment of 260
kNm. Depth of slab 100 mm, width of flange 600 mm, width of web 200 mm, effective depth 350 mm. Assume
= 25 /2 and = 500 /2 .

Specification
b = 600 mm
hf = 100 mm
d = 350 mm
bw= 200 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, = 25 /2
Characteristic strength of steel, = 500 /2
Bending Moment, M = 260 kNm

Determine the area of reinforcement required.

Solution

Mf = 0.567fckbhf(d 0.5hf)
= 0.567 x 25 x 600 x 100 ( 350 50)
= 255 kNM
M > Mf Neutral axis lies below the flange
*bw/b = 0.33

f = 0.167 + 0.567 (1 ) (1 )
2
= ( 0.167 x 0.33) + ( 0.567 x 0.29) + 0.67 x 0.86 * h/d = 0.29
= 0.148

Mbal = ffckbd
= 0.148 ( 25 x 600 x 350)
= 272 kNm

M < Mbal
Compression reinforcement is not required

Area of tension reinforcement

+0.1ck(0.36)
As = Use: 5H 25
0.87yk(0.5)
260 x 106 +0.1 ( 25 x 200 x 350 x 26)
=
0.87 x 500 x ( 35050) ( 2455 mm)
= 2027 mm
KA31903 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN 1 Semester 1 2017/2018
Tutorial 2 Design for Flexure
Lecturer: Dr. Noor Sheena Herayani Harith
Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Example 2.8
Ref. Calculations Output

Determine the ultimate moment of resistance of the following T beam: hf = 100 mm, b = 800 mm, bw = 250 mm,
d = 550 mm, d = 50 mm. The tension reinforcement is 5H25 and the compression reinforcement is 2H12.
Assume = 25 /2 and = 500 /2 .

Specification
d = 50 mm
b = 800 mm
hf = 100 mm
d = 550 mm
bw= 200 mm
Compression bar: 2H12 As = 226 mm
Tension bar 5H25 As = 2952 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, = 25 /2
Characteristic strength of steel, = 500 /2

Determine the moment of resistance.

Solution
Assuming initially that the steel stress fst is the design yield value 0.87fyk and neutral axis
in the web

Forces
Fcc1 = 0.454 fckb = 0.454 x 25 x 250
= 2838 N
Fcc2 = 0.567 fck(b-bw) hf = 0.567 x 25 x 550 x 100
= 779625 N
Fsc = 0.87fykAs = 0.87 x 500 x 226
= 98407 N
Fst = 0.87fykAs = 0.87 x 500 x 2952
= 1284120 N

Equilibrium of forces
Fst = Fcc1 + Fcc2 + Fsc
1284120 = 2838 + 779625 + 98407
= (1284120 - 779625 - 98407)/ 2838
= 143 mm > hf = 100 mm Neutral axis in the web as assumed

Lever arm
z = d 0.4 = (550 57.2) = 493 mm
z1 = d d = (550 50.0) = 500 mm
z2 = d 0.5 hf = (550- 50.0) = 500 mm

Moment of resistance

M = Fcc1 . z + Fsc . z1 + Fcc2 . z2

= [( 406088 x 493) + ( 98407 x 550) + ( 779625 x 500)] x 10-6
= 639 kNm