PARAPHRASING, SUMMARISING, QUOTING, AND ABSTRACT

PARAPHRASING

Original text:
We have found that rural hospitals are, in fact, much smaller than urban entities. On
average, urban hospitals are almost three times larger, regardless of which measure of size we
have chosen. What is important, this differences are statistically highly significant (Rafal
Siedlecki et al, 2016).
Paraphrasing:
In fact, the size of the rural hospitals are much smaller than urban areas that are almost
three times larger. This leads to significant differences between rural and urban areas,
especially on facilities that support communitys activities (Rafal Siedlecki et al, 2016).

Reference
Rafal Siedlecki, et, al. (2016). Rural Versus Urban Hospital in Poland. Hospitals Financial
Health Assessment. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 220, 444-451. Accessed
November 16, 2017.

SUMMARISING

Original text:
As mentioned earlier, artistic originals are part of the production process in movie production
and artistic and literary creation, and has two stages:
Stage 1
- Production of the original is an intangible asset owned by the producer for sale or own
account gross fixed capital formation. The value depends on actual or expected receipts
from sale of use of copies. It should cover the cost of the original as well as the cost incurred
at stage 2.
- If the original is sold, the value of output is the price paid.
- If the original is not sold, the value is estimated on the basis of production costs plus mark-
up (equals artistic original)
Stage 2
- Production and use of copies of the original.
- If the owner uses the original directly or to produce copies, the value of output is the
consumption of fixed capital.
- If the owner licenses other producers to make use of the original:
the owner is treated as providing the service to the licensees and this is recorded as
part of the licensees' intermediate consumption
the use of the asset is recorded as consumption of fixed capital in production of services
by the owner. Services are valued to be the fees, commissions and royalties received
from the licensees.
Summarising:
In practice, there are issues when an original is not sold, in that an estimate should be
included in the output data. However, this a very difficult area to estimate and current
methodology within national accounts is to assume a fixed percentage of sales is equivalent to
artistic originals - this is a widely accepted practice across other countries. Given that GDP(O)
and IoS are index number systems, any allowance for artistic originals based on this system
would have no impact, and therefore estimates for artistic originals will not be included in the
short-term estimates.

Reference
Methodology of the Monthly Index of Services. (2004). SIC 2003 documentation. Available for
download from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/. Accessed November 16, 2017.

QUOTATIONS
Ever since the monumental work of Professor W. Isard, entitled Methods of Regional
Analysis, the number of books and articles on the subject of regional planning has greatly
increased. However, indicates that there is no unanimity on what is the nature and scope of
regional planning as a field of study. J. Friedmann in his article entitled, Regional Planning as
a Field of Study, suggests that regional planning as an academic discipline is characterized by
a concern with the clarification of social objectives in the ordering of activities in supra urban
space. (J. Friedmann, Regional Planning as a Field of Study 1963, p. 63).
Reference
Faridad, A. (1981). The nature and scope of regional planning and development, include
Prantilla (ed.) National Development and Regional Policy, Nagoya: Maruzen Asia, (85-
99).

ABSTRACT
This paper introduces one of the largest single research projects ever granted in the
eld of spatial planning. It presents the context the project has to work in and the challenges
it has to face. It further gives a broad outline of the research project, with three horizontal and
three vertical tracks and some success indicators.

Reference
Alberchts, Louis (2006). Bridge the Gap: From Spatial Planning to Strategic Projects. European
Planning Studies, 14 (10). Accessed November 16, 2017.