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On the origin of species 3tahom Darwin a scientific proof 3la the theory of natural
selection
Bima3na
The universe is rulled by other forced
Not god
Hna kifash dakhal literature
Jat a movement called naturalism, even though different it offers the same grounds
It says the same beli there is no God
And the character or behaviour is determined by heredity and social environment
Hna the meeting point of darwinism and lit
Characters walaw they justify their action through darwinism
So literature reflects economic and political aspects of the age it was written In And in
other ages
This is why Marxism was influential
3_Freud
So
It is important to examine the symbols and figurative language that the writers use
To get the deeper meaning
To access to their subconscious mind
Which is the most valuable
As for the layers of personality
Id ego superego
According to which we can explain the actions and the motives of characters
In a psychological way
Gal hada he killed
Why?
It's because he was driven by his desires and needa
Etc
Psychoanalytic ta3 the mind
To get to the subconscious
Through language hidden meaning
And the personality theory to analyse characters
The Criticism:
Galek it's said that Freud treats characters as real ppl
It can be false
W hadik l interprtation li ydirouha 3la character
Might be related to the author
And it might be misleading