|Aci Sorok||Batu Seremban||Bulu Ayam||Cari Cucu||Congkak||Galah Panjang||Gasing|

|Guli||Jala Itik||Konda Kondi||Sepak Raga||Teng Teng||Wau||Bibliografi|

Masyarakat Melayu mempunyai pelbagai jenis kebudayaan yang digarap daripada pelbagai
keturunan. Kebudayaan ini disatukan menjadi satu kebudayaan yang unik kerana hampir
setiap keturunan mempunyai adat sehingga membentuk kebudayaan Melayu. Ini
termasuklah suka bergotong-royong menjalankan kegiatan ekonomi, di mana ikatan itu
terus diperkukuh dan dipererat dengan acara-acara keramaian dan juga hiburan. Lantaran
resam yang demikian maka banyak permainan tradisional yang dipertandingkan.

Permainan tradisional telah berupaya membentuk sebahagian daripada kehidupan yang

dilalui oleh nenek moyang kita. Asas penting yang menjamin kesinambungan permainan
tradisional pada masa lalu ialah keseragaman cara hidup nenek moyang kita. Kegiatan
harian, bermusim dan tahunan daripada individu ke individu tidak banyak berbeza. Ini
membolehkan mereka bekerja dan berhibur pada masa yang sama. Malah sejak dari kecil
lagi mereka membiasakan diri dengan keadaan yang demikian. Apabila musim menuai padi
berakhir dan musim tengkujuh tiba pesawah dan nelayan mengisinya dengan kerja-kerja
sampingan. Kerja-kerja demikian boleh ditangguhkan dengan mudah. Tempoh peralihan
antara musim inilah digunakan untuk mengadakan keramaian serta pesta.

Apabila sesuatu permainan diadakan di sesebuah kampung, penduduk kampung berdekatan

turut berkunjung untuk mengambil bahagian atau sekadar memberi semangat. Suasana
pesta di padang permainan boleh mewujudkan interaksi sosial di antara kampung-kampung
yang mengambil bahagian. Oleh yang demikian permainan tradisional juga dikenali sebagai
permainan rakyat. Ada di antara permainan ini yang sekarang tidak dimainkan lagi tetapi
hanya diketahui oleh ibu bapa dan datuk nenek kita sahaja. Tetapi ada juga yang masih
dimainkan lagi oleh kanak-kanak sehingga hari ini. Di antara permainan itu termasuklah
guli, congkak, wau, selambut, sepak raga, gasing dan lain-lain.

Teraju tiga sememangnya sinonim dengan wau, juga dikenali sebagai layang-layang di
negeri-negeri sebelah pantai barat semenanjung. Sebagai permainan masa lapang bagi
kalangan rakyat biasa dan golongan istana. Sejak zaman-berzaman sekitar kurun kelima
belas, wau telah dimainkan oleh orang Melayu. Mereka telah mempercayai ada kaitan di
antara semangat angin dan langit.

Jenis Wau

Berbagai jenis dan bentuk wau telah dicipta. Wau

burung, wau pari, wau katak, wau bayan, wau merak,
wau kucing, wau jala budi, wau lenggang kebayan,
wau sewah, wau barat dan yang sangat digemari oleh
orang Melayu ialah wau bulan. Rekacorak bermotifkan
awan larat pada kebiasaannya adalah menghiasi
kebanyakan wau yang dihasilkan dengan berwarna-
warni. Kelantan dan Terengganu sehingga kini masih

Wau bulan
mengekalkan tradisi pembuatan wau yang menarik, selain dijadikan untuk permainan ianya
juga sebagai hasil kraftangan dan hiasan dinding.

Galeri Wau

Membuat Wau

Pembuatan sesebuah wau agak rumit dan memakan masa, dari kerja-kerja meraut buluh
untuk dijadikan rangka, mengimbang stabilkan kepak sehingga melekatkan kertas pada
rangka wau tersebut mengambil masa dua minggu untuk siap. Rangka buluh tulang
belakang wau lebih besar daripada kepaknya, kemudian diikat dengan menggunakan
benang mengikut bentuk serta jenisnya.

Rangka yang telah disiapkan akan ditampal dengan tiga lapis kertas nipis dan lutsinar
dengan berlainan warna. Lapisan pertama menggunakan kertas berkilat, lapisan kedua
menggunakan warna yang berbeza dan bercorak awan larat iaitu bercorak pucuk rebung
atau bunga cengkih yang telah ditebuk. Pada lapisan ketiga pula corak berlainan yang telah
ditebuk ditampalkan.

Di bahagian kepala atau muncungnya serta dihujung kiri dan kanan kepak, akan dihiasi
dengan rambu-rambu halus yang berwarna warni menambah cantik lagi rupanya. Busul
akan diregangkan di bahagian belakang tengkuk wau, agar ianya mengeluarkan bunyi
dengung apabila diterbangkan diudara. Busul diperbuat dari daun rembia atau mengkuang
yang telah direndam dan dilurut lalu dibiarkan kering. Ia berbentuk seperti alat memanah.
Tali teraju diikatkan di antara bahu kepak dan tulang belakang sebelah bawah wau bagi
mengimbangi wau - Teraju Tiga.

Cara Bermain

Pada kebiasaannya wau akan dimainkan oleh dua orang, iaitu seorang akan memegang wau
dan seorang lagi dipanggil juru anjung yang memegang tali. Apabila angin bertiup maka tali
akan ditarik melawan arus angin dengan cara menghulur dan menarik talinya sehinggalah
wau tersebut tinggi di udara. Kilauan cahaya matahari akan menambah cantik lagi wau
yang dihias berwarna-warni.

Di masa kini walaupun wau masih mendapat tempat dikalangan masyarakat Melayu tetapi
layang-layang juga tidak kurangnya telah mendapat perhatian oleh masyarakat tempatan
dan juga antarabangsa. Pelbagai bentuk dan corak layang-layang telah dicipta, ada layang-
layang yang berbentuk orang, kapal berangkai dan ada yang dimainkan dengan
menggunakan dua utas tali. Kebanyakkan pertunjukan wau dan layang-layang masih
mendapat tempat di Malaysia, terutama ketika hari-hari sambutan perayaan atau
pertandingan wau antarabangsa.

Kelantan
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For the Malaysia Shipping Co steamship, see SS Kelantan.

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Kelantan

—  State  —

Kelantan Darul Naim

Flag

Coat of arms

Motto: Berserah kepada Tuhan Kerajaan Kelantan

Anthem: Selamat Sultan

Location of Kelantan

Coordinates: / 5.25°N 102°E / Coordinates: / 5.25°N

102°E /

Capital Kota Bharu

Royal capital Kota Bharu

Government

 - Sultan Tuanku Ismail Petra

  - Menteri Besar Dato' Haji Nik Aziz Nik Mat

Area

 - Total 14,922 km2 (5,761.4 sq mi)

Population (2009 est.)

 - Total 1,635,000

 - Density 109.6/km2 (283.8/sq mi)

Human Development Index

 - HDI (2003) 0.728 (medium)

Postal code 15xxx to 18xxx

Calling code 09

Vehicle registration D

Pattani and Ottoman Empire

1603
control[citation needed]

Siamese control 1842

Japanese occupation 1942-1946

Accession into Federation of

1948
Malaya

Website http://www.kelantan.gov.my

Kelantan is a state of Malaysia. The capital and royal seat is Kota Bharu. The Arabic honorific
of the state is Darul Naim, ("The Blissful Abode").

Kelantan is positioned in the north-east of Peninsular Malaysia. It is bordered by Narathiwat

Province of Thailand to the north, Terengganu to the south-east, Perak to the west, and Pahang to
the south. To the north-east of Kelantan is the South China Sea.

Kelantan is located in the north-eastern corner of the peninsula, Kelantan, which is said to
translate as the "Land of Lightning" (see alternate theories below), is an agrarian state with lush
paddy fields, rustic fishing villages and casuarina-lined beaches. Kelantan is home to some of the
most ancient archaeological discoveries in Malaysia, including several prehistoric aboriginal
settlements.

Contents
[hide]

 1 History
 2 Geography
 3 Economy
 4 Climate
 5 Politics and government
o 5.1 Constitution
o 5.2 Sultan of Kelantan
o 5.3 State Executive Council
 6 Political background
 7 Oil Royalties
 8 Demographics
o 8.1 Malay
o 8.2 Thai
o 8.3 Chinese
o 8.4 Orang Asli
 9 Cuisine
o 9.1 Local specialties
o 9.2 Thai-influenced dishes
 10 Culture
 11 Government structure of Kelantan
o 11.1 Districts
o 11.2 State anthem
 12 Kelantan and Patani
 13 References
 14 Further reading
 15 External links

History
The name Kelantan is said to be a corruption of gelam hutan, i.e. the Malay word for the cajuput,
or swamp tea tree (Melaleuca leucadendron). Other theories claim the name comes from the
Malay word kilatan, 'shiny/glittery' or kolam tanah, 'clay pool'. Kelantan was called Klantan
(Thai: กลันตัน) by the Siamese when it was under their influence.

The early history of Kelantan traces distinct human settlement dating back to prehistoric times.
Early Kelantan had links to the Funan Kingdom, the Khmer Empire, Sri Devi and Siam[citation
needed]
. Around 1411, Raja Kumar, the ruler of Kelantan, became independent of Siam, and
Kelantan became an important centre of trade by the end of the 15th century.

In 1499, Kelantan became a vassal state of the Malacca Sultanate. With the fall of Malacca in
1511, Kelantan was divided up and ruled by petty chieftains, paying tribute to Patani, then the
supreme Malay Kingdom of the eastern peninsula. By the early 1600s, most of these Kelantan
chiefs became subject to Patani.

Around 1760, Long Yunus, an aristocratic warlord of Patani origin succeeded in unifying the
territory of present-day Kelantan. Long Yunus was succeeded in 1800 by his son, Long
Muhammad, who ruled as Sultan Muhammad I. The death of childless Long Muhammad
triggered a civil war among claimants to the throne. His nephew and son of Long Tan
(Temengggong), Long Senik Mulut Merah, triumphed over his uncles and cousins and assumed
the throne in 1835 as Sultan Muhammad II.

Sultan Muhammad II leveraged on his loose alliance with Siam to form the modern Kelantan
state centered in his new fort (Kota Bharu) on the eastern bank of the Kelantan river.

Under the terms of the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909, the Thais relinquished its claims over
Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah and Perlis to Great Britain, and Kelantan thus became one of the
Unfederated Malay States with a British Adviser.

Kelantan was the first place in Malaya to be occupied by the Japanese, who invaded on
December 8, 1941. During the Japanese occupation, Kelantan came again under control of Siam,
but after the defeat of Japan in August 1945, Kelantan reverted to British rule.

Kelantan became part of the Federation of Malaya on February 1, 1948 and together with other
states attained independence on August 31, 1957. On September 16, 1963, Kelantan became one
of the component states of Malaysia. [citation needed]

Geography
Rising high on the slopes of Gunung Korbu, the second highest peak in Peninsular Malaysia, the
Nengiri River flows east to merge first with the Galas, and then with the Lebir — the latter born
in the wilds of Taman Negara National Park — before turning decisively northwards and
emptying into the shallow waters of the South China Sea. From Kuala Krai the conjoined
streams become the Kelantan River, a broad, mud-coloured stream which dominates the fertile
coastal plains and defines the geography of the region. The Kelantan River valley is a fertile rice-
bowl, rich in hardwoods and rubber and lush with tropical fruits.

For centuries, Kelantan was all but separated from the rest of the country by the Titiwangsa
Mountains, a mountain range running from north to south through the peninsula. Weeks of hard
travel were required to reach Kelantan. The "easy way" to Kelantan was to sail around the
peninsula, braving the sea and pirates. For this reason Kelantan's history often involves the sea,
and boats. Even today, many of its people are very much tied to the sea. A discussion with many
coastal residents will confirm that their ancestors, as far back as they know, were "of the sea."

In the early 1980s, trunk roads were built to link it with nearby states. Presently, one can travel
by road from the capital city Kuala Lumpur to Kota Bharu through the mountain range within 5
hours.

[edit] Economy
Kelantan has a chiefly agrarian economy dominated by rice, rubber and tobacco. Fishing along
its 96-kilometre coastline is also an important economic activity. Cottage industries which
employ traditional skills in handicraft production such as batik, woodcarving and songket
weaving are also evident. Logging activities are active given the vast remaining area of forest. In
recent years, tourism, especially to offshore islands, has increased in importance. A few
reputable hotels have been established and more modern shopping malls have been opened to
cater for urban folks.

Kota Bharu, the capital, is the major urban centre, and there are also plans to open up the
southern portion of the state under an ambitious multi-million-dollar development project. The
main market at the city centre is a top attraction.

Kelantan has a GDP per capita in 2006 at RM7,985, which is about one-third that of other richer
states like Selangor at RM100,884 and Penang at RM41,516.

[edit] Climate
Kelantan has a tropical climate, with temperatures from 21 to 32 °C and intermittent rain
throughout the year. The wet season is the east-coast monsoon season from November to
January.

Politics and government

[edit] Constitution

The Constitution of Kelantan came into force in 1949 and is divided into two sections:

 The first part of the laws

 The second part of the laws enforced upon the people

[edit] Sultan of Kelantan

The Sultan of Kelantan is the Constitutional Ruler of his State. The role, duties and powers of the
Sultan are as laid out in the State's constitution and other state laws. The Constitution proclaims
that the executive power of the state is vested in the sultan, that he is the Head of the Religion of
Islam in the state and that he is the source of all honours and dignities in the state. The current
ruler of the State is Duli Yang Maha Mulia Tuanku Al-Sultan Ismail Petra bin Almarhum Al-
Sultan Yahya Petra.

[edit] State Executive Council

The State Executive Council is established by the constitution. It is composed of the Menteri
Besar, who is its chairman, and ten other members. The Menteri Besar and other members of the
council are appointed by the Sultan of Kelantan from members of the State Assembly. The
current Menteri Besar is Dato' Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat (Tok Guru), a religious teacher and
Mursyidul Am (spiritual leader) of PAS.

[edit] Political background

A part of the deeply conservative Malay heartlands, Kelantan has been ruled by the Islamic Party
of Malaysia (PAS) since 1990, with re-elections in 1995, 1999 and 2004. It is currently one of
four Malaysian states not ruled by the Barisan Nasional coalition after the 2008 elections.

Almost all PAS members are Malay Muslims, as are about 95% of Kelantan's population.

The state of Kelantan is almost synonymous with PAS, as Kelantan has been under PAS rule for
two lengthy periods. (Neighbouring Terengganu has also been under PAS rule twice, but for
short periods each time [1959–1962 and 1999–2004].) The first period of PAS rule in Kelantan
began two years after independence, in 1959, and lasted 18 years (1959–1978); the current
period is 18 years long and counting.

The interval between the two periods of PAS government, when the Barisan Nasional Party ruled
the state, was only about 12 years (11 March 1978 to 21 October 1990). In the 1990 General
Election, PAS returned with an overwhelming victory, winning all the 39 State and 13
Parliamentary seats. The victory was achieved through the PAS-led coalition, called Angkatan
Perpaduan Ummah (APU). In the following General Election in 1995, PAS won again, though
with a reduced majority. PAS won big in 1999, due in significant part to Malay anger over the
treatment of former Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim by then–Prime Minister Mahathir
Mohammed and other officials of the national government. However, PAS very nearly lost
control of Kelantan, retaining it with only a 1 seat majority, in 2004, when Barisan Nasional,
under the new leadership of Abdullah Badawi following Tun Mahathir's retirement, won by a
landslide nationally. However, after the Malaysian general election, 2008, PAS regained the two-
third majority of seats in the state assembly.

For years, PAS has attempted to impose a strict interpretation of Islamic Law on Kelantan. It has
succeeded in imposing certain social strictures such as single-sex queues in supermarkets;
separate public benches for men and women; and limiting entertainment centres to prohibit
"salacious behaviour". Proposals to institute punishments such as amputation of limbs for
thievery and execution for blasphemy (collectively known as Hudud Law), however, have been
blocked by the national government on constitutional grounds.
One of the most controversial steps PAS has taken in Kelantan is to place tough restrictions or
outright bans on the traditional performance of syncretic Malay theatrical forms, such as Wayang
Kulit, Makyong, Dikir Barat, and Main Puteri. PAS also took action to vanish any sculpture that
looked like human or animal, modified versions without the traditional references to Hindu
dewa–dewi and traditional Malay hantu (spirits or ghosts) and otherwise in keeping with
orthodox Islam are, however, tolerated in certain cases. Also restricted are public performances
by women: Aside from Quran recitals, such performances are completely banned if any men are
in the audience. While PAS has maintained that these steps were essential to promote Islam and
put an end to immoral behaviour among the Muslim population, many consider them an act of
defiance against Barisan Nasional's laws — which are more tolerant or laxer, depending on one's
viewpoint — and also a major loss to Malay traditional arts.

There have been allegations that the Federal Government deliberately withholds funding for
development projects in Kelantan as one way to pressure the voters of Kelantan into voting
Barisan Nasional back into the State Government.

Oil Royalties
The Assignment Deed - 9 May 1975

In 1975, an agreement was signed between the Kelantan Chief Minister of the time Datuk
Mohammad Nasir, and the Chairman of Petronas, Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah. According to the
terms of the agreement, Kelantan was to receive oil royalties of 5 percent a year biannially, for
any oil found in Kelantan or her coastal areas. In return, Kelantan grants Petronas to exclusive
rights to "petroleum whether lying onshore or offshore of Malaysia". As to the issue arises here
is whether Kelantan has the right to claim oil royalties from Federal Government as enumerated
in the Assignment Deed. The question arises put so much legal complication and it is trans-
border many relevant statues namely Petroleum Development Act 1974, Petroleum Mining Act
1966 and requires legal interpretation on some provisions in Federal Constitution. Being the
Supreme Law of the Land, any law or any agreements enacted inconsistent with Federal
Constitution shall be void. Since, Malaysia is a federation of 13 states, the division of powers
between two level of governments (Central government and State government) are the most
important feature in Federal Constitution. Relevant with the issue, Article 76 gives powers to two
level of governments accordingly set out in Schedule Ninth. In Schedule 9, List I of the Federal
Constitution, the following topics are assigned to the Federal Government:

 Except as to State rights over permits and licences, the Federal Government has rights
over development of mineral resources, mines, mining, minerals and mineral ores, oils
and oilfields, petroleum products, safety in mines and oilfields
 Gas and gasworks, production and distribution of power and energy
 Foreign and extra-territorial jurisdiction
 Treaties, agreements and conventions with other countries and all matters which bring
the Federation into relations with any other country

As for the State Government:

 Land: Schedule 9 List II, Para 2(a). Under the Interpretation Acts, 1948 and 1967, Section
3, land includes “the surface of the earth … all substances therein… all vegetations and
other natural products… whether on or below the surface… and land covered by water”.
The territorial waters of Kelantan will come within the definition of “land covered by
water”. Territorial waters are defined by Section 4(2) of the Emergency (Essential
Powers) Ordinance No 7, 1969. Subject to some exceptions, they refer to three nautical
miles.
 Revenue from lands: Schedule 10, Part III Para 2.
 In addition to the income from land, one notes that in Article 110[3A] there is provision
for discretionary payment on such terms and conditions as maybe prescribed by or
under federal law of the export duty on “mineral oils” produced in the state. Petroleum
comes within the meaning of “mineral oils” under Section 10 of the Petroleum
Development Act.

It is clear, from the Schedule, Peninsular Malaysia states has the constitutional right to fees for
permits and licences for extraction of any petroleum that is derived from their land and territorial
waters. Anything beyond territorial waters, e.g. on the Continental Shelf, is entirely in federal
hands. However, owing to the fact, exploration of oil and gas is approximately 150 km from
Kota Bharu and beyond the territorial water of Kelantan. Relying to this, Emeritus Professor Dr
Shad Saleem Faruqi concludes Kelantan has no constitutional right to regulate it and to receive
compensation for it.[1] He further argued given the Agreement Deed to support Kelantan rights
over royalties will render as unconstitutional and void under the doctrine of severability (the bad
parts of the law being severed leaving the good parts intact) as the Assignment by Kelantan gives
to Petronas the ownership of all petroleum “whether lying onshore or offshore of Malaysia” was
an overstatement and Kelantan has no rights to what lies off the shores of the whole of Malaysia.
Indeed, it is the rights of Federal Government guaranteed by Federal Constitution that extra
territorial operations are in their hands. States cannot transfer rights over something they do not
own. In the case of Kelantan and any other Peninsular Malaysian State, the Deed should have
been worded to refer only to onshore petroleum. Unfortunately for Kelantan, the matter cannot
end with these two agreements. There is a supreme Constitution in Malaysia with a federal-state
division of legislative and financial powers. The constitutional allocation cannot be altered
except by constitutionally permitted procedures and amendments. Even mutual agreements
cannot override the constitutional scheme of things because jurisdiction is a matter of law and
not of consent or acquiescence.[2]

Current action

Kelantan state government is owed between RM850 million and RM1 billion from oil revenue
royalties from the central government according to the Petroleum Act 1974. In 2009, the central
government offered 'compensation' or Wang Ehsan, a fraction of the sum actually owed.
Discrimination of Kelantan on this matter has lead the state government considering action in
the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Support for Kelantan and the local government in
defiance of the central government includes the group Kelantan Peoples' Movement Demanding
Petroleum Royalties or Gerakan Menuntut Royalti Petroleum Rakyat Kelantan (GMR).

[edit] Demographics
The largely rural state preserves rich Malay traditions such as kite-flying contests, top-spinning
contests, and bird singing competitions, and traditional handicrafts such as batik, songket, and
silver crafts. As a border state and former vassal state of Thailand, Kelantan has absorbed
influences from Thai customs and traditions that help to make the state's culture distinct from
those of other states of Malaysia. The Kelantanese people, regardless of ethnic origin, are proud
of their state and its unique local culture and dialect.

All the ethnicities generally live together harmoniously in Kelantan. For example, members of
the Thai community received a permit to build a very large statue of the Buddha without any
objection from the Malay community or the PAS government that granted the permit.

Malay

Masjid Tengku Muhammad Faiz Petra

Kelantan Malays are a different breed. Unlike other Malays, they are believed to originate from
old Malay civilizations from the north, not the south. Many Kelantanese also have Thai ancestry.
This is why they have always been different from other Malays in Malaysia, both culturally and
physically. However, they are considered and treated as normal Malays.

Kelantanese Malay dialect is distinguished from standard Malay as well as other Malay dialects
by its unique grammar, pronunciation and figures of speech.

Kelantanese Malay is the only lingua franca of the state, is used in the local mass media, and is
so commonly used for daily communication that some Kelantanese cannot speak the standard
form of Malay, as promoted by the Federal Government. The dialect is also prevalent beyond the
state borders in southern Thailand and in Besut, the northernmost district of Terengganu. Whilst
the Arab script called Jawi has less influence in the other parts of Malaysia, it is still widely used
in writing and printing the Malay language in Kelantan. Signboards in Kelantan are written in
both Jawi and Rumi. To a certain extent, Thai is also used.

95% of Kelantan's population are ethnic Malay, and under the Malaysian Constitution, all
Malays are Muslims; therefore, Islam is the most influential religion in the state.

To most Malaysians, Kelantan is synonymous with Malay arts and crafts. Kota Bharu, as the
state capital, is a popular centre for such pursuits as silat, martial arts, and kertok drumming.
Here, too, more than any other place in Malaysia, the traditional pastimes of top-spinning —
known as gasing — and the flying of giant, elaborately-decorated kites called wau, are still much
in evidence.

[edit] Thai

Main article: Malaysian Siamese

Reclining Buddha in Wat Photivihan.

The ethnic Thai inhabitants of Kelantan are mostly centered in an area around the coastal town of
Tumpat, site of most of the state's two hundred or so Buddhist temples, and noteworthy for its
number of relatively well-off Siamese villages.
The dialect of the Thai language spoken in Kelantan is called "Tak Bai", after the southernmost
coastal town Tak Bai of Narathiwat Province, just across the Golok River from Malaysia. Tak
Bai dialect differs substantially from standard southern Thai and other regional Thai dialects, and
it seems certain that the Kelantan Thais are the descendants of an original enclave of Narathiwat
settlers established in sparsely-populated Malay territory as long as four centuries ago.

Buddhism is also visible, in that hundreds of Thai wats can be found throughout the state. The
longest statue of a sleeping Buddha in Southeast Asia can be found in Wat Photivihan, in
Tumpat.

The reclining Buddha at Wat Photivihan in Kelantan opened in 1980. This temple is very popular
with pilgrims and devotees. The Buddha statue is believed to be about forty meters long. There
are visitors who are surprised to see a temple of such size in this Muslim majority state but the
reason is due to the fact that this district is filled with strong Thai influenced. The Metta
Chanting is using the original language (Pali), or in Thai translation.

The Thai group will conduct the religious celebration at the Wat such as Tok'katinna, Loy
Krathong, Saibat, Songkran, and so forth. One thousand visitors will attend this function.

[edit] Chinese

Chinese assimilation in Kelantan is manifested as: "Malay behaviour as frontstage and Chinese
behaviour as backstage". "Frontstage" or public behaviour includes speaking Kelantanese Malay
even when among themselves, adopting Malay-style clothing, and observing certain Malay
customs and holidays. "Backstage" or private behaviour includes maintaining certain traditional
Chinese beliefs and customs confined only within the home.

In Kelantan, the Chinese see themselves as either Cina Kampung (village Chinese) or Cina
Bandar (town Chinese). Famous Chinese villages in Kelantan include Kampung Tok'kong (300
year old temple), Batu Jong, Kampung Jelatok, Kampung Temangan, Kampung Mata Ayer,
Kampung Tawang, Kampung Balai, etc.

In other parts of Malaysia, the Chinese see themselves as Hokkien, Cantonese, Hakka,
identifying themselves by the Han subgroup their ancestors were part of in China. However, this
is not so in Kelantan. Descendants of the earlier waves of small-scale migration are known as
Orang Cina kita (our very own Chinese) and the elders are seen as Orang Kelantan betul (true
Kelantanese). Speaking the Kelantanese Malay dialect with fluency unites both Cina Kampung
and Cina Bandar.

The Chinese in Kelantan have native speaker competence in the Kelantanese dialect. It is
impossible to tell a Malay from a Chinese by listening to his speech in the Kelantanese dialect,
without looking at the person.

The accommodations of the Chinese population have made communication between Chinese and
Malays in Kelantan both easy and common. As a consequence, Kelantanese and Chinese view
each other as individuals, rather than simply as representatives of cultural categories. The ability
of the Chinese in Kelantan to accommodate Malay culture has facilitated significant
entrepreneurial activities.

Much of Chinese culture still continues until today; such as lion and dragon dancing during the
CNY, temple celebration, religious celebration.

The village of Kampung Tok'kong in the Kelantan state of Malaysian is well known for a
historically significant Chinese Temple known as Seng Choon Keong. the distance about 25 km
from kota bharu city. Its a 1 km paddy field village, with the old folk home that transform into
modern living house day by day. many youngster are migrate to town because demand for jobs
and better lifestyle. they will come back gathering when cny or family gathering.

With the approximately 500 of villagers. The temple is approximately 300 years old. The temple
is dedicated to the worship of the Goddess Matsu. almost every Friday and Every year on the
equivalent date to the 23rd of March on the Chinese Calendar, the birthday of Mazu is
commemorated about three days with the concert, lion dance, and also wayang kulit. Chinese,
and Mazu followers go there to pay homage to Mazu, and to offer prayers for health and wealth,
as well as for personal safety and security. Annually, the Seng Choon Keong lion dance
association will tour the state during the Chinese New Year to conduct traditional cultural rituals
aimed at driving away evil spirits and bad luck.

Unlike the Chinese in other parts of Malaysia, Chinese Kelantanese prefer to conduct their
wedding party at home rather than at a restaurant. This reflects their mindset that their presence
to celebrate the newly weds is more important than the wedding banquet. This is further proven
by their generosity of the money gifts to the newly weds. The wedding ceremony begins on
Thursday night and proceeds until the next morning because the weekend holiday is Friday in
Kelantan. For good luck, the groom has to bring home the bride before 12 noon on the Friday.

Most Chinese villagers will bury their deceased ones at the local town cemetery. Others cremate
the dead at the nearest Wat. If the deceased is old, a three day funeral ceremony and memorial is
conducted, complete with chanting from the monks. But if the deceased is of the younger
generation, they are either buried or cremated as soon as possible. They also offers prayers for
anniversary for the death.

[edit] Orang Asli

In addition, there are Orang Asli, mostly Temiar, people who have lived in the forests of
Kelantan and Perak for thousands of years. Some of the Temiar maintain traditional beliefs in
their natural surroundings and other forms of animist elements, while some of them have
embraced Islam, instead.

Cuisine
The Kelantanese cuisine, heavily influenced by Thai cuisine, is quite popular among Malaysians.
In fact, many visitors come to Kelantan just to taste the special delicacies that cannot be found
elsewhere. The use of sugar is a must in every Kelantanese kitchen, and thus most Kelantanese
dishes are sweet.

Kelantanese food makes more use of coconut milk than anywhere else in the country. Curries are
richer, creamier, and more influenced by the tastes of nearby Thailand.

[edit] Local specialties

Apart from delicacies imported from Thailand, there are delicacies which are invented by the
Kelantanese themselves such as:

 Nasi Dagang

This is a mix of white rice and brown glutinous rice (special glutinous rice) which is cooked with
coconut milk (santan), blended onions and garlic and some spices (such as fenugreek) (Malay:
halba). Fish or chicken curry comes as an add-on to complete the dishes together with mildly
brown sugared sambal (chili paste), so it's recommended to take only a small portion as it is
extremely filling. The Nasi Dagang is one of the tastiest dishes in Kelantan and goes well with
fish curry, pickle, hard-boiled eggs. See here for the main article about Nasi Dagang

 Nasi Kerabu

Nasi Kerabu literally means "rice salad". Kelantan has a variety of Nasi Kerabu. Nasi kerabu
biasa (normal) or nasi kerabu putih (white) which comes with its own sambal tumis (a special
coconut milk based gravy with local herbs and spices, with a hint of chillies) or Nasi kerabu
Hitam (black) though the actual color is blue (after the rice is soaked and cooked with a local
flower although some people use artificial equivalents) and nasi kerabu kuning (yellow) which
use tumeric in the preparation of the rice. Nasi Kerabu Hitan and Kuning does not require a
sambal tumis, instead, it has a watery chilly sauce which makes it slightly hotter. The “kerabu”
(salad) could be any vegetables or edible leaves though the more or less standard version will
have daun kesum, taugeh (bean sprout), thinly cut; long green beans, bunga kantan, cucumber
(connoisseurs will insist “seeded”), and daun kadok. Apart from that it is also served with fried
breaded fish, keropok keping, salted egg, "solok lada" (fish fillet and coconut-stuffed chillis), and
pickled garlic (local gherkins)

 Nasi Tumpang

Rice packed in a cone-shaped banana leaf. A pack of Nasi Tumpang consists of an omelette,
meat floss, chicken and/or shrimp curry and sweet gravy. It is traditionally meant for travellers.

 Ayam Golek / Ayam Percik

Wood-fire broiled chicken dressed with sweet coconut gravy. Ayam Golek/Ayam Percik is eaten
with white rice in major family dishes and serve during a feast.
  Nasi Berlauk

Most Kelantanese have Nasi Berlauk as their breakfast. Nasi Berlauk is rice served with fish or
chicken and vegetables cooked with tumeric and galangal infused yellow gravy.

 Nasi Ulam

Ulam is the local term for raw vegetables - the meal consists of white rice served with a variety
of raw vegetables, and is considered one of the healthiest dishes found in Malay cuisine.

 Khau-Jam

Also termed as chlorophyll rice, the Khau-Jam is a green rice cooked using up to seven types of
herbs, and served with raw vegetables (such as bean sprouts, cucumber, and long beans), fish
flakes and local Keropok. The meal is often accompanied by Budu and sometimes served with
deep-fried fish.

 Keropok

These are Kelantanese fish crackers. Their texture and colour are noticeably rougher and darker
than the usual variety found on the West Coast of Malaysia. Like the curries, the crackers are
influenced by Thai cooking and produce a sharper, saltier taste.

 Keropok Gote

These are Kelantanese fish sausages. Made by combining fish flesh and sago, keropok gote is
rolled into long firm sticks and then steamed or boiled. To enjoy it, one has to cut it into desired
bite sized and deep fried. Different from Terengganu's keropok lekor, the Kelantan variety is
thicker and longer in size and has to be fried to be eaten. Keropok Gote is probably the one snack
which all Kelantanese children grow up with. It is a must at all school canteens.

 Laksa Kelantan

The Laksa dish, white noodles served with gravy (curry or otherwise) and vegetables, is made
differently in every state in Malaysia. The laksa Kelantan employs the creamy white gravy which
is richer and has full-bodied flavour. The main ingredient is fish flesh, although connoisseurs
would certainly prefer the ones made of eels. Laksam is another version with thicker noodle
(similar to kuey teow). Laksa or laksam is served with ulam similar in nasi kerabu, with a pinch
of salt and belachan for added taste

 Pisang Coklat

In English, 'Chocolate Banana' which is supposedly the favourite flavour of ice cream in the
Kelantan district.

 Coconut Shake
This yummy drink usually can be found and sold at some morning markets (so called Pasar Pagi
in the weekend) and night markets. It is made from young coconut juice, blend with its flesh and
some ice, plus little amount of cream soda drink and milk. It will form like ice blended, and
usually served with vanilla ice-cream on top of the drink. It is hard to find this drink sold outside
Kelantan.

[edit] Thai-influenced dishes

Perhaps the most characteristic Kelantanese-Thai dish is 'kaeng matsaman'—a mouth-watering

beef curry cooked with peanuts, potatoes and chopped red onions in a thick coconut milk sauce.
Other Kelantanese-Thai specialties include: 'kaeng phanaeng kai'—savoury chicken and coconut
curry. 'Kaeng som nom mai dong'—hot and sour fish ragout with pickled bamboo. 'Pla see siad
haeng thawt'—deep fried semi-dried pla see fish. 'Khao yam pak tai'—an intriguing breakfast
salad. The presentation is exquisite. A small pile of fragrant boiled rice, accompanied by finely
chopped heaps of lemon grass, peanuts, bean sprouts, green beans, sour mango and chopped
makrut or kaffir lime is served with spicy chilli pepper, fresh lime and a piquant sweet-sour
sauce. It's unusual, elegant, and very typical of Kelantan. Kelantanese dishes, like central Thai,
are usually accompanied by generous helpings of 'khao suay', or "beautiful rice"—the best of
which, 'khao hawm Mali', or jasmine-fragrance rice, is steamed until each grain is tender but
separate. When something tastes this good, the Thais utter in full emotion:-"Pisek!"

Somtam

Somtam is a papaya salad with a salty, spicy, and sour taste. The main items in it are young,
unripe papaya, soy sauce, groundnuts, fish sauce, lime juice, and chilies. These items are
combined in a mortar, pounded with a pestle for few seconds and served. The salty and lime
juicy taste is very popular. This light dish is widely available in regions with large numbers of
ethnic Thais, such as Tumpat and Siamese wats.

Cholek

Contrary to popular belief, Cholek is not just a dipping sauce, but can also refer to a snack eaten
with the sauce. Cholek comes in various forms, including meaty cholek, cholek ayam (chicken),
cholek perut (cow intestines), cholek pelepong (paru-liver), and also a variety of cholek buah
(fruits)m such as cholek pauh (mango).

The sauce or "the cholek" comes in various forms. • Cholek manis (with brown sugar). • A
sweet, sour and very mildly hot version. This cholek is different from other chili sauces because
cholek is very thin and rather sweet. This dipping sauce is used for any kind of chicken, but also
goes well with shrimp, fish cake, spring roll, sausage, etc.

Budu

Budu is a salted (fermented) anchovy sauce eaten with rice, grilled fish and vegetables/salads
(ulam). A bit of lime juice, hot chilis and onions are added on for taste. Also, tempoyak
(fermented durian) or fresh durian is added for good measure.
Once so combined, the purple-brownish condiment has a blend of salty and sour taste.
Nowadays, other types of fish are also used to create Budu. Famous budu maker villages are Kg.
Tawang, Bachok and Kg. Penambang near Kota Bharu. Similar sauces are found in the
Philippines and Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia).

Tempoyak

Tempoyak is a fermented durian dip, used with normal white rice. Most unforgettable is eating
the 'tempoyak+budu+ulam'.

Those with high blood pressure should beware of the high salt content of this condiment,
however.

Pakpek

Another famous Thai dish is 'pakpek belut'. The main ingredient of this cook is eel. Many Thai
restaurants around Tumpat and Wakaf Bharu make this dish their main attraction. Some
customers prefer it spicy, and some prefer it less spicy. This dish is not easy to cook; it needs
some experience in handling the heat, natural ingredients, salt, and the eel itself. This dish is
also influenced by Chinese cuisine, for whom there is a belief that eating this exotic food is more
healthy.

Culture
Kelantan is known as the cradle of Malay culture based on the diverse cultural activities
practised by Kelantanese.[3] Among the popular cultural practices are Dikir Barat, Wayang Kulit
Kelantan, Wayang Kulit Melayu, Mak Yong, Menora, Main Puteri, Wau Bulan (kite-flying),
Gasing (top-spinning), Silat, bird-singing competition and handicrafts.

Among the handicraft products that are songket, batik, silverware and mengkuang. The Kandis
Recource Centre provides information on the Kelantanese wood carving.

[edit] Government structure of Kelantan

[edit] Districts

Districts in Kelantan are called Jajahans, though actually the direct translation of Tanah Jajahan
in Malay to English is 'Occupied Territories'. Kelantan was a divided feudal state, a common
situation in the Malay Peninsula, with separate petty local rulers. However, a strong one
managed to rise and conquer all these small petty territories. In the end, Kelantan became united
under one Sultan.

The jajahans, from left to right, are written in Rumi and Jawi:

1. Jajahan Kota Bharu (‫)كوتا بارو‬

2. Jajahan Pasir Mas (‫)ڤاسير مس‬
3. Jajahan Tumpat (‫)تومڤ‬
4. Jajahan Pasir Puteh (‫)ڤاسير ڤوتيه‬
5. Jajahan Bachok (‫)باچوق‬
6. Jajahan Kuala Krai (‫)كواال كراي‬
7. Jajahan Machang (‫)ماچڠ‬
8. Jajahan Tanah Merah (‫)تانه ميره‬
9. Jajahan Jeli (‫)جيلي‬
10. Jajahan Gua Musang (‫)ڬوا موسڠ‬
11. Jajahan Dabong
12. Jajahan Kota Mahligai

Ranking Population Kelantan.

Rank Jajahan Population 2009

1 Kota Bharu 496,600

2 Pasir Mas 206,400

3 Tumpat 168,600

4 Bachok 138,200

5 Pasir Puteh 130,700

6 Tanah Merah 130,000

7 Kuala Krai 117,800

8 Gua Musang 100,400

9 Machang 98,700

10 Jeli 46,700

[edit] State anthem

The Goanese Bandmaster of the Kelantan Police Band, Haji Mohamed bin Mohamed Sa'id
(1888–1939) was ordered to compose a song (only tunes) to be played to the then-Sultan of
Kelantan, Ismail, on July 5, 1927. Subsequently, the words were composed by Mahmood bin
Hamzah (1893–1971), who was the State secretary at that time.
Original Malay version

Lanjutkan usia Al-Sultan kami

Sultan Kelantan raja ikrami
Aman sentosa Tuhan sirami
Kekal memerintah kami

Kasih dan taat setia disembahkan

Keriangan diucapkan
Segala kebesaran Allah cucurkan
Bertambah kemuliaan

Translated English version

Prolonged be the life of our Sultan

The divine Sultan of Kelantan
In peace with God's blessing
Forever rule us

Love and loyalty we offer

A wish of happiness we utter
May Allah bless with greatness And his glory increase

[edit] Kelantan and Patani

Historically, Kelantan had a strong relationship with the Pattani Kingdom. Pattani and Kelantan
are geopolitically divided but culturally united. Kelantanese and Southern Thais cross the border
frequently to visit their relatives and transport goods for small business.

[edit] References
1. ^ http://thestar.com.my/columnists/story.asp?
col=reflectingonthelaw&file=/2010/2/24/columnists/reflectingonthelaw/5729109&sec=Reflecti
ng%20On%20The%20Law
2. ^ http://thestar.com.my/columnists/story.asp?
col=reflectingonthelaw&file=/2010/2/24/columnists/reflectingonthelaw/5729109&sec=Reflecti
ng%20On%20The%20Law
3. ^ [1] Malaysian Tourism official website

[edit] Further reading

 Khadizan bin Abdullah, & Abdul Razak Yaacob. (1974). Pasir Lenggi, a Bateq Negrito
resettlement area in Ulu Kelantan. Pulau Pinang: Social Anthropology Section, School of
Comparative Social Sciences, Universití Sains Malaysia.
[edit] External links
 Official site of Kelantan State Government
 Virtual Malaysia Kelantan Page
 Malaysian General Election 2008 candidates for Kelantan
 Malaysia Parliamentary Seats (Dewan Rakyat) from Kelantan
 Kelantan State Assembly Seats (Dewan Undangan Negeri)

[hide]

v • d • e

Kelantan Darul Naim

Territorie Kota Bharu • Pasir Mas • Tumpat • Pasir Puteh • Bachok • Kuala Krai • Machang •
s Tanah Merah • Jeli • Gua Musang • Dabong • Kubang Kerian • Pengkalan Kubor • Kota
(Jajahan) Mahligai • Pengkalan Chepa

Bachok • Bukit Bunga • Dabong • Gua Musang • Jeli • Kota Bharu (capital) • Kuala Krai
• Kubang Kerian • Machang • Manek Urai • Pasir Mas • Pasir Puteh • Pengkalan Chepa
Towns
• Pengkalan Kubur • Pengkalan Pasir • Perupok • Rantau Panjang • Tanah Merah •
Tumpat • Wakaf Bharu • Wakaf Che Yeh

[show]

v • d • e

States and federal territories of Malaysia

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelantan"