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CHAPTER

COMPUTER
SYSTEM
2.1.1 OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER
2.1 SYSTEM

2.1.2 DATA REPRESENTATION


SYSTEM
2.1.3 STORAGE CAPACITY
CONCEPT
TOPIC
TOPIC
2.1 System Concept
2.1.1 Overview of Computer System
2.1.2 Data Representation
2.1.3 Storage Capacity

Learning Outcomes :
At the end of this lesson, student shoul be
able to:
Describe the operations involved in
information processing cycle. (input,
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process, output and storage)


What is Computer?

Definition:
An electronic device

that can accept and process data then

produce result, and store the result for future use


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What is Computer System?

Definition:
A complete working computer
that includes software and hardware
which are necessary to make the
computer function.
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Input devices

Processor / Central
Processing Unit
Hardware (CPU)

Memory
Component Of
Computer
Output Devices
System
Storage
Devices
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System
Software
Software Software

Application
Software
Input

INFORMATION
PROCESSING
CYCLE:
Storage Information Processing Process
Cycle is the steps that data
must follow to become
useful information.
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Output

****Information:Processed data that is organized, meaningful, and useful


***Data: A collection of unprocessed items, such as texts, images, audio, video and
numbers.
Information Processing Cycle

Information Processing Cycle Diagram


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Component of
Information Processing Cycle

Any data and instructions


Input entered into the memory of a
computer.

Process Transforming data into


information.

Output Data that has been processed


into useful form.

Location in which data,


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Storage instruction and information are


held for future use.
There are four main steps in IPC. Explain what are
the input, process, output and storage when you
are given information 8 x 2 = 16 to be processed.

Steps Basic Operation

Input

Process

Output
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Storage
2.1.1 OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER
2.1 SYSTEM

SYSTEM
2.1.2 DATA REPRESENTATION
CONCEPT
2.1.3 STORAGE CAPACITY
TOPIC
TOPIC
2.1 System Concept
2.1.1 Overview of Computer System
2.1.2 Data Representation
2.1.3 Storage Capacity

Learning Outcomes :
At the end of this lesson, student should be able to:
(a) Explain data representation in computer.
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Data Representation

Today all the computers are digital.


They recognize only two discrete state: on and off.
This is because computers are electronic devices powered by
electricity, which also has only two states: on and off
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How does a computer represent data?

By using two unique binary digits 1 and 0 to represent


the two states on and off.

computer
recognizes only
two discrete
electrical states
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(on and off)


Bit
A binary digit (1 or 0)
Represents an electrical state (on or off)
Bit 1 represents On
Bit 0 represents Off

Byte
A group of 8 bits (ex:11110000)
Represents a character such as a digit, a letter, a
punctuation mark or any symbol in computer
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Example :
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How a letter is converted to binary form and back
Step 2.
Step 1.
An electronic
User
signal for the
presses
capital letter D
the
is sent to the
capital
system unit.
letter D
on the
keyboard
.
Step 4. Step 3.
After processing, the The signal for the capital
binary code for the letter D is converted to its
capital letter D is
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binary code (01000100)


converted to an and is stored in memory
image, and displayed for processing.
on the monitor.
Questions 1
Convert 64 bits to bytes.

Questions 2
How many bits are there in a storage of 1,400,000
bytes?
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2.1.1 OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER
2.1 SYSTEM

SYSTEM
2.1.2 DATA REPRESENTATION
CONCEPT
2.1.3 STORAGE CAPACITY
TOPIC
1. System Concept
1. Overview of Computer System
2. Data Representation
2.1.3 Storage Capacity
Learning Outcomes :

At the end of this lesson, student


should be able to:

(a) Differentiate various storage


capacity
Remarks:
Kilobyte,
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Megabyte,
Gigabyte,
Terabyte,
Petabyte.
Capacity The number of bytes(characters) can be hold
by storage medium

Measurement of storage capacity in units such as:

KB Kilobyte, MB Megabyte , GB Gigabyte


TB Terabyte, PB - Petabyte
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Typical storage and capacities

Storage medium Capacity

Tape drive A few hundred kilobytes


to several gigabytes

Diskette 1.44 MB

CD-ROM 650 MB 1GB

Hard disks Up to 4TB or


External hard disk Removable more UP to 1TB
hard disk or more

DVD 4.7 17 GB
Typical storage and capacities

Storage medium Capacities

Blu-ray 25 500 GB

Typical of Flash Memory Storage

Solid State Drives(SSD) 16GB 256GB

Memory cards Compact 512MB 100GB


Flash(CF) Secure 512MB 8GB
Digital(SD) SDHC 4GB 32GB
XD Picture Card 256MB 2GB

USB Flash Drive 512MB 100GB


Conversion of various storage capacity:

8 1024 1024 1024 1024 1024

Bit Byte KB MB GB TB PB

X8 X 1024 X 1024 X 1024 X 1024 X 1024


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Example 1 : Convert 1GB to KB
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Example 2 : Convert MB to GB

1200 MB =
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SUMMARY

Definition of computer.
Definition of computer system.
The components of a computer system.
Types of hardware.
Types of software.
Basic operations/processes involved in a computer.
How is data represented.
Definition of bit and byte.
Units of data measurement.
Storage capacity
Converting units of data measurement.
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