NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

INTRODUCTION TO POWWER ELECTRIC SYSTEMS. GR1.

TREJO MANOSALVAS ALEJANDRO XAVIER.

ESTEVEZ MARTINEZ XAVIER ALEJANDRO. 2016-05-06.

ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY ENERGY SOURCE AROUND

THE WORLD
EUROPE

SPAIN

The net generation of electricity peninsular 2015 has been 254TW / h.

Figure.1 Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Spain through the years.

One of the fastest growing energy sources has had through the years is wind energy, this can be
seen in the graph in which every year there is a greater amount of wind energy generated.

An interesting case that we note in the chart, is that corresponding to the energy generated by
nuclear power plants. Because from 1998 to 2010 it was decreasing, but from 2010 to the
present has been increasing.
The energy generated by special regime plants also have increased as the years have progressed.
This type of energy come from non-conventional methods, for example solar plants, geothermal
energy, etc.

Electricity Generation by Energy Source

TYPE Generation [TWh] Average between Total percent [%]
1998-2015 [TWh]
Hydro 31 31.1 12.2
Nuclear 57.3 59.4 22.6
Carbon 54.4 57.4 21.4
Combinated cycle 26.1 34.8 10.3
Eolic 47.7 26.9 18.8
Solar 13.0 4.0 5.1
Renewable thermal 4.9 1.8 1.9
Co-generation 2.6 13.1 10.5
generating -7.1 -7.7 -2.8
consumptions
TOTAL 253.9 220.8 100
Table.1 Types of generation, TWh produces by each one and percent.

Figure.2 Production of Eolic energy through the years.

As previously mentioned wind energy has had tremendous growth through the years, here we
can see the percentage of wind energy using Spain.[1]

ITALY.
The study on the model of Italian electricity generation have been used data from the
Information Agency of the US Energy for 1990-2008. It is amazing the fact of being a model to
use in geothermal generation, as well as lack of nuclear contribution.
 Figure 3. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Italy through the years. [GWh]

Figure 4. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Italy in 1990. [%]

So in practice, only in 1990 in Italy electricity was generated by only three different sources of
energy; conventional, hydro and geothermal fossil fuels.
 Figure 5. Components of electricity generation in Italy in 2008.

The evolution of the different sources in the study period comes together in an increase in the
diversity of backgrounds in the generation although with a predominance of fossil fuels in the
period represent approximately 80%.

Of importance in contributing, we start seeing the evolution of conventional sources, which

maintain a similar growth projection of total demand (41.5% versus 46% of total demand) that
allows to continue the close contribution to 80 % previously cited.

Solar and marine energy, although it has grown in the period, has not yet taken off in the
generation, representing 190 GWh in 2008. opposite case it represents the wind energy, which
has already high level of power generation, especially in the last five years studied by multiplying
the figure by five to reach a production of 6115 GWh

Meanwhile, biomass has remained an important role throughout the period, to spend to
generate 182 GWh in 1990 to more than 7,600 GWh in 2008.[2]

FRANCE
In France it may be noted that the greatest amount of energy is generated by nuclear power.

Figure 6. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in France through the years.

In this graph it can be noticed that through the years the energy produced by oil had been
decreased.

The energy produced by hydropower has been maintained over the years, this means that every
year more hydroelectric plants have been built to satisfy user demand (load) that connect to the
power grid.

Figure 7. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in France through the years.

As we can see the nuclear generation is the most used in France.
ICELAND

[3]
Figure 8. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Iceland through the years.

Iceland is the worlds largest electricity producer per capita (Norway comes in second place, by
generating approximately half the energy per capita of that of Iceland). The graph at left shows
the annual electricity generation in Iceland since 1944 (this was the year Iceland became an
independent country).

Although Iceland started utilizing its hydropower already in the early 20th century, it was not
until the late 1960s that the abundant Icelandic hydropower source attracted foreign
investment. The first large hydropower station in Iceland was built in connection with the
construction of an aluminum smelter in Southwest Iceland.

The electricity generation by source in Iceland is:

Type of source energy Percent

Hydro 71%
Geothermal 29%
Other (including Fossil Fuels) 0%
Total 100%
Table.2 Type of power generation in Iceland.
Electricity Power Capacity.

Type of source energy The Power [MW]

Hydro 1986
Geothermal 665
Windpower 3
Fossil Fuels 106
Total 2760
Table.3 Power Capacity of the different sources of energy in Iceland.

GERMANY

In 2014, German coal power production fell considerably year over year.

Figure 9. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Germany through the years (Fossil fuels
and renewable)

One of the main headlines in the German press based on these figures is that renewables now
represent the biggest single share of power supply, having nudged just ahead of lignite in second
place (though some think the comparison is cheating because the two types of coal, hard coal
and lignite, are listed separately, while renewables are put together).[4]
 Figure 10. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Germany through the years.

In this graph it can also see all the type of the generation, like Hydro, wind, and solar in
addition to fossil fuels as we sew in the previous graph.[5]

SCOTLAND

The contribution of renewables to the electricity generation mix in Scotland in the past decade
has increased rapidly, and is higher than in the rest of the UK. It is set to continue increasing,
with significant potential from onshore and offshore wind and from wave and tidal power.

Figure 11. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Scotland through the years.

While coal generation increased from 23.3% in 2009 to 29.5% in 2010, generation from nuclear
fell from 32.5% to 30.6% as a consequence of maintenance outages. Gas generation also fell
from 18.7% to 16.8%.
Overall renewables accounted for 19.1% of total generation in 2010. This was a fall from 20.8%
in 2009. As noted in Box 1 the target for 100% renewables is based on gross consumption not
total generation - this is further illustrated in Box 4. Over the same period, UK renewable
generation as a proportion of total UK generation increased by 0.1% between 2009 and 2010,
to 6.8%.[6]

Figure 12. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Scotland through the years in percent.

ENGLAND

Figure 13. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in the United Kingdom through the years.

As shown in this graph, power generation by coal has been declining until it practically
disappeared; in place of other energy sources such as water, sun, geothermal energy, etc are
increasing over the years. It is that this country has decided to stop producing energy through a
contaminant energetic resource such as coal and are becoming a country that takes advantage
of renewable energy for power generation.[7]

Generation plants that use coal as an energy resource decreased by an economic pattern that
was because the rising price of coal each year.

DENMARK

The total electricity generation from renewable energy sources was 17,562 GWh in 2014 and constituted 57.4 per
cent of the total electricity generation in Denmark. The distribution of generation from renewable energy sources
in 2014 appears from the below diagram. Electricity generation from renewable energy sources in Denmark is
dominated by wind power, yet also comprises electricity generation from hydropower, photovoltaic cells, biogas,
biomass (straw and wood) and the biodegradable fraction of waste.

Figure 14. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Denmark through the years.
AUSTRALIA

Figure 15. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Australia in 2016.

This country has as their priority source of energy the coal, it represents more than the 60% of
their total generation.

Table.4 Generation by type in Australia.

AUSTRIA

Figure 16. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Austria through the years.

NETHERLANDS

Figure 17. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Netherlands through the years.
BELGIUM

Figure 18. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Belgium through the years.

BULGARIA

Figure 19. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Bulgaria through the years.
CROATIA

Figure 20. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Croatia through the years.

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Figure 21. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Bozmia-Herzegovina through the years.
CZECH REPUBLIC

Figure 22. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Czech Republic through the years.

CZECHOSLOVAKJA

Figure 23. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Czechoslovakia through the years.
FINLAND

Figure 24. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Finland through the years.

GIBRALTAR

Figure 25. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Gibraltar through the years.
HUNGARY

Figure 26. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Hungary through the years.

IRELAND

Figure 27. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Ireland through the years.
MACEDONIA

Figure 28. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Macedonia through the years.

LUXEMBOURG

Figure 29. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Luxembourg through the years.
MALTA

Figure 30. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Malta through the years.

MONTENEGRO

Figure 31. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Montenegro through the years.
PORTUGAL

Figure 32. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Portugal through the years.

ROMANIA

Figure 33. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Romania through the years.
SERBIA

Figure 34. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Serbia through the years.

SWEDEN

Figure 35. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Sweden through the years.
SLOVAKIA

Figure 36. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Slovakia through the years.

SWITZERLAND

Figure 37. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Switzerland through the years.
TURKEY

Figure 38. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Turkey through the years.

YUGOSLAVIA

Figure 39. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Yugoslavia through the years.
ALBANIA

Figure 40. Electricity Generation by Energy Source in Albania through the years.
[8]
 ASIA AND OCEANIA
AFGANISTAN

ALBANIA
ALGERIA

AMERICAN SAMOA
AUSTRALIA

BANGLADESH
CAMBODIA

CHINA
FIJI

FRENCH POLYNESIA
HONG KONG

INDIA
INDONESIA

JAPON
MALAYSIA

MALDIVES
NEPAL

NEW ZEALAND
PHILIPINES

REPUBLIC OF KOREA
SINGAPORE

SRI LANKA
TAIWAN

THAILAND
VIETNAM

MEXICO
BERMUDA

GREENLAND
CANADA

ESTADOS UNIDOS

MEDIO ORIENTE
BAHRAIN

IRAN
IRAQ

ISRAEL
KUWAIT

QATAR
SAUDI ARABIA

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

 CENTRO Y SUR AMERICA

COSTA RICA
BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS

BOLIVIA
CUBA

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
CAYMAN ISLANDS

FRENCH GUIANA
GUATEMALA

HONDURAS
HAITI

NICARAGUA
PANAMA

PUERTO RICO
SURINAME

URUGUAY
VENEZUELA

COLOMBIA

BIBLIOGRAFIA.
[1] Cambio Climatico, Energia. .
[2] joaquinprieto, Generacin elctrica en Italia (perodo 1990-2008), Energa Eficiente, 05-
Nov-2010. .
[3] Energy Data, Askja Energy - Essential Perspective on Energy and Minerals in the Northern
Atlantic and Arctic Region, 03-May-2012. .
[4] Power from fossil fuel drops to 35-year low in Germany, German Energy Transition. .
[5] share-of-electricity-gen-germany.png (913533). [Online]. Available:
http://www.carbonbrief.org/media/418442/share-of-electricity-gen-germany.png.
[Accessed: 05-May-2016].
[6] S. A. H. Scottish Government, Energy in Scotland: A Compendium of Scottish Energy
Statistics and Information, 21-Mar-2012. [Online]. Available:
http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2012/03/2818/4. [Accessed: 05-May-2016].
[7] UK Energy Policy - Time for a Courageous Conversation - Featured Article - A.T. Kearney |
United Kingdom - A.T. Kearney. [Online]. Available:
http://www.atkearney.co.uk/utilities/featured-article/-
/asset_publisher/kUdgh3tbJCzL/content/uk-energy-policy-time-for-a-courageous-
conversation. [Accessed: 05-May-2016].
[8] Historical Electricity Generation Statistics | The Shift Project Data Portal. [Online].
Available: http://www.tsp-data-portal.org/Historical-Electricity-Generation-
Statistics#tspQvChart. [Accessed: 06-May-2016].