Pambayang kolehiyo ng Mauban

SCHOOL OF EDUCATION

Mauban Quezon

Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in MAPEH

Course code : MAPEH 100

Course title :Foundation of Physical Education

Instructor :Mr. Aaron Sanchez

Reporter :Rochelle C. Areglado

E-Mail :Archelleareglado@yahoo.com

Contact no. :09126415856

Topic :Theories of learning, Classical conditioning, Apperant conditioning and

error learning.

Theories of Learning

Behaviourism

the empty vessel;

the blank slate;
Burrhus Skinner (1904 1990) American psychologist;
focused on observable, quantifiable events and behaviour, the effect of the outside
world on individual behaviour;
not interested in hidden internal processes;
Reinforcement

Skinners theory suggested:

the response a learner receives from an action can increase or decrease the
likelihood of that action being repeated;
desirable action can be positively reinforced by reward;
undesirable action can be negatively reinforced by reprimand or punishment;
repetition of such patterns enables child to learn what behaviour is desirable and
undesirable;
 Pavlovs dogs
behaviourism is similar to Pavolvs theory of operant conditioning;
it is a stimulus-response model;
assumes learners modify their behaviour (the stimulus) until they receive a positive
response;
repeated positive response will ensure the behaviour is learnt;
suggests that without positive reinforcement a behaviour becomes extinct;
Behaviourist teaching approaches

repetition of desired responses (drilling, flash cards,times tables chanting )

reward for desired behaviour (smiley faces, praise, house points, merits )
punishments for undesirable behaviour (missing playtime, loss of golden time,
detention, warnings, sanctions )
have been adopted for behaviour management programmes (catch them being good)
Constructivism

Making meaning
the lone scientist;
Jean Piaget (1896 1980) Swiss biologist
observed his childrens cognitive development and thinking;
concluded that the human infant actively seeks to make sense of the world;
learning is a result of the childs exploration of and interaction with the environment;
Constructivist teaching approaches

Practical activity, direct experience

Exploration and physical manipulation of materials
Focus on pupils making sense of what they are doing/ thinking explain what you
think, tell us how you did it, write down your ideas
Starting from current understandings
I hear, I forget; I see, I remember; I do, I understand
Social constructivism

Active participant
Negotiated meaning
Lev Vygotsky (1896 1934) Russian psychologist
Learners actively make meaning and their social world is fundamental to this process
All cognitive functions originate in social interaction and are then internalised on an
individual level.
Social constructivist teaching approaches

Collaborative learning methods, encouraging talking together

Talk with your partner and write your answer together
Teamwork skills development
Discussion of ideas
tell us what your group did/ found out/ explored
Scaffolded learning opportunities maximised
interaction with teacher/other is central to learning process
OPERANT CONDITIONING

Learning occurs as the result of consequences as the components of learning expand to include
key characteristics.
*Reinforcement
*Punishment

Trial and Error learning

A kind of learning in which one response after another is tried (e.g.trials) and rejected as
ineffective (e.g.error), until eventually a successful response is made.
An organism slowly eliminates responses that do not achieve the desired outcome,and
continuous to respond in different ways until they determine the response that lead to
the desired reward