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Philip Steele
First
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4) Richard
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(26),, EDUARD
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IS N 978
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7502
5 8252
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E-book
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9 8 0 750
02 8783
87
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29)
9 Sascha Burkar
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(31) Gina Jacobs (31),
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cen Creative
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sil (35), Gordon M.
Printe
Pri nte
tedd in
i n Chin
Chinaa Grant/Splash News/Corbis
bis (37), 3 trekandshoot
(38), AARON JOSEFC
EFCZYK/Reuters/Corbis (39),
Waylan
Way la d is
lan i s a di
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vision
i of Ha
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h tte
t Ch
te C ildrr enss Mugglewizard (41),
(41 Gina Jacobs (42), Wiki_Virginia
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ons released over NEZ GNU Free
www
ww.ha
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cumen
mentation License (43), Rmarmion (44),
S
Sean
ea Pavone (45).
 T E N T S
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Safe sch
Beh he New
ehind the ws

The
he images from th the secur
urity came
meras look grim. Childrenn are
running for their
ru r lives or
r hiding bbehind desks. A shadowywy figure e
raises a gunn. The tele
levision nnews shows the world outside
ou
police, sobbin
bing parenents, repo
por
orters. Another school shooting
s g...

The shock of terrror te

een
enag
ager
gerss or stu
tude
dent
ent
nts in
n nno
noce
cent
nt peo
peopl
p
ple
e
Anyy at
An atta
tack
ck on a sc
scho
hool
ol iiss a te
terrib
ible
e eve
vent
nt w th
with the
heirr liv
ives
es aahe
e head
a of th
them
em. A sccho
hool
o
to see
ee o
on
n th
the
e ne
news
ws, an
and
d an e
eve
ven
n mo
more
re or col
ollleg
o lege
ge
g is su
supp
ppos
osed
ed to
o be a plaace o
off
terr
ter ib
ble eve
vent
n to
o wi
witn
nesss in
n you
ourr lo
oca
call educ
ed
duc
ucattio
ion,
n, a ref
efug
uge
e fo
f r civi
v liise
sedd va
valu
luess.
comm
community.
y The
e ssho
hock
ck is he
h ig
ight
hten
ened
d We ar
are
e no
nott ta
talk
lkin
ng ab
abou
out fi
fist
st ffig
ight
htss
beca
be caus
use
e th
the
e vict
c im
imss ar
a e youn
ung
g chilidrren
en, here
here, bu
butt ab
abou
outt kn
knivves
es,, de
dead
adlyy han
andg
dgun
uns,

The Global
lobal Profile
P
CONT
TINENT INCIDENTS NUMBEERS
Nortth A
America KILLED
D
Canada 9 26
USA 297 137
Mexico
Me 2 2
South America 2 177
Euro ope 17 6
63
Asia 9 66
Africa 2 51
Oceania a 6 5
Figur
ures from 19802012

4
rifles
ri es eve
ven
n ho
home
me-m
-mad
ade
e bo
omb
mbs.. Th
he
e how
how caan an
anyy su
surv
rvivvor
ors,
s, frien
ends
ds or pa
pare
ent
ntss
attta
tack
ckss ma
mayy ta
take
ke place
e in
n a cl
clas
aassr
ssroo
o m cope
cope witth su
such
ch tra
raum
umaa or los
oss?
s?
o hal
or all, a pla
layg
ygro
ound
d or sch
choo
cho
o l bu
bus,
s, or
o a The
hen,
n we wo
worr
rryy ab
abou
out th
the
e bi
b gg
g er
colllleg
co ege camp
mpus
us.. Th
They
hey
ey thr
hrea
eate
ten
n th
t e live
vess picturre. How com
pi ommo
mon
n ar
are
e sc
scho
h ol
o att
ttac
acks
ks??
off pup
pills, tea
each
che
he
ers,
s sta
tafff, pa
pass
sser
e s-
s-by
by,, po
poliice What
Wha iss th
t e sc
scal
a e of
o the probl
b em
m? Ar
Are
e th
they
ey
and pa
an p raaame
medi
m dics
cs. m re
mo e com
ommo
mon
n in some
e pa
part
rtss of the
h world
ld
than
than oth
thers?
s? D
Doo th
they
ey g
gen
neral
allyy occ
ccur
ur in a
So many questio
onss parttic
pa icul
u ar
a typ
ype of nei
eigh
ghbo
our
urho
ood or
Our im
Ou mme
m di
diat
ate
e qu
ques
estion
o is wh
w y? So ma
many
ny comm
commun
u itty? H
Hav
ave th
theyy aalw
lway
ays ta
tak
akke
en pl
plac
acce,
e
o he
otherr qu
ques
esti
t on
ons ar
a is
ise. Who cou
ould
ld do su
s ch
h or iss th
this
is som
omet
e hi
hing
ng new
ew?? In thi
hsbbo
ook
ok, w
we
e
a thin
ng? How cou
ould
ld it ha
happ
ppen
en?? Ho
How
w ca
can
n go beh
ehin
ind
d th
the ne
news
wss to
o trry an
nd fi
fnnd som
ome
e
such
such att
t ac
acks
ks b
bee pr
prev
even
ente
ted?
d? And aabo
bove
ve all, answ
answer
erss to the
hese
ese
e que
uest
s io
ions
n.

People gather in
Burlington, Vermont,
USA, for a candlelit vigil
held in memory of the
victims of a school
shooting in nearby
Newtown in 2012.

Death in the classroom 5

Beh he New
ehind the ws

Maany peop ple believe that tthe probl

blem of sschool killings is rooted
d
in the nnature of society
ty todayy. That ma
may well be true, but the e
issue iis not a new onene. The fol
ollowing
gsstories from history souound
chilling
ngly simil
ilar to mo
modern tragedies.

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at the ruins of Bath
Elementary School,
Michigan, after the
explosion which killed
44 people in 1927.

6
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n
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Flowers are left at the

ruins of Beslan school,
Russia, on the
anniversary of tragedy
when Chechen
separatists took
hundreds of school
children hostage.

7
Beh he New
ehind the ws

Ther
ere are many mor ore deathshs related
ed to firearms in the USAA than
iin other develop
oped countntries. On
One reason for this is the
e large
number of hig igh-profile
le mass s shootings. The number of o school
ol
shootings, in particu
cular, has
assrrisen sharply in recent
nt decade
des.

Searching for rea

asons feel
elin
ings
g of lo
gs ow se
s lfff-e
--est
estee
eem
m an
and
d fe
fear
a of
Killller
Ki erss ar
are
e of
ofte
ten
n po
port
rtra
raye
yedd as ev
evili faillur
fa ure.
e Ho
Home lif
liife may be un
unde
derr in
i cr
crea
easi
sing
ng
m ns
monste
ters
rs,, or as lo
lone
ners
r , mi
misf
sfitts
s or los
oser
ers
s. pres
pressu
sure
e with
h mo
mone
neyy wo
worr
rrie
iess or a los
ostt jo
job.
b
In rea
ealility
ty, th
the th
hin
ings tha
hatt tu
turn
n peo
opl
ple
e to Ch
Ch ld
hildre
ren
n ma
mayy co
come
me fro
om ho
home
mess wh
wher
ere
e
thes
these
e ex
e trem
eme accts of vi
viol
olen
ence
ce are
e ther
there is abu
buse
se or vi
v ol
olen
nce
ce. So
Some
me m
mayy ffee
e l
mult
multip
iple
le aand
nd com
ompl
plex
ex, bo
b th psy
sych
holog
og
o gic
ical
a excl
exc ud
uded
ed fro
rom fr
frie
iend
ndsh
ship
pggro
r up
upss be
beca
caus
ue
and so
an soci
c al. Many
ny per
erpe
petrrat
atorrs su
uff
ufffer
fe
er of the
heir app
ppea
earaanc
nce
e, rac
ace,
e, cla
lass
ss or po
povverty.
y

People who have

trouble fitting in and
spend lots of time on
their own may have
feelings of isolation,
which could lead to
them becoming violent.

8
 The use of drugs, both
legal and illegal, could
push people into crime
and lead to them
developing violent
tendencies.

M nyy h
Ma hav
ave
e a hiist
stor
oryy of
i ol
isolatio
ion,
n, off be
bein
ing
g trea
e te
tedd as
outs
t id
der
e s, o
off be
bein
ng bu
bullllie
ied.
d.
Bullllyi
Bu y ng and
nd cru
ruel
elty
ty are
e no lo
long
n er
e lim
mited
ed grrie
ievva
vvan
an
ancces. So
Some
me peo
eople be
b liev
eve
e th
that
at
to the claass
ssro
oom aand
nd playg
ygro
r un
u d, hav
avin
ng m dica
medi
me catiio
on
ns,
s whi
hich
ch aare
re inc
ncre
reas
asin
ingl
gy
foun
found
d ne
new
w ou
outl
tlet
etss on soc
ocia
iall me
medi
diaa or pres
prescr
crib
ibed
ed to de
deal
al witth me
m nt
ntal
al hea
e ltth
thro
throug
ugh
h mo
mobi
bile
le pho
hone
nes.
s. proble
b ems
ms,, su
such
ch as an
antiips
psyc
ycho
hoti
tic dr
drug
ugss orr
anti
antide
depr
p esssa
sant
nts,
s may be pa
part
rtly
ly to bl
blam
ame
e.
Mental heallth Thes
These
e caan so
some
meti
time
mess ma
make
ke peo
eopl
p e fe
feel
el
Psyc
Ps ycho
olo
logiica
call pr
prob
oble
blem
ble
l ms m
lems may
ay be suic
suicid
idal
al an
nd vio
olent
nt.. Ma
Many
ny mas
asss ki
killller
erss en
nd
aggr
agg avvat
ated
ed b
byy re
reaall or im
mag
agin
ined
ed thei
theirr ra
ramp
mp
pag
age
e by com
ommi
mitt
ttin
ing
g su
suic
icid
ide.
e.

The Global
lobal Profile
P ofile
KILLERS...
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Profiling killers 9
Beh he New
ehind the ws: The inside
e story
y

On tthe morning of 1
14 Decemember 201
012, Adam Lanza of Newt wtown,
Connecticut, USA,
Co A, shot his
is mother
er Nancy dead and then drove
d to
o
an elementaryy schooll h
he had oonce attended. The schoo
ool, in the
he
community y of Sandy
dy Hook,k, w
was securely locked to
o outsider
ers.

NEWS FLASH
Date: 14 December 2012
Location: Newtown, Connecticut, USA
Target: Sandy Hook Elementary School
Perpetrator: Adam Lanza (aged 20)
Deaths: 28 including the perpetrator
and his mother
Injured: 2
Outcome: Suicide

The whole attack, from the time

Lanza entered the school until his
suicide, took just 10 minutes.

The attack by pretending to be dead. In anothe

other
At 9.35 am, Lanza shot his way through a classroom, Lanza shot five more
mo children
n,
glass door. He shot dead the head teacher their teacher and anothe
her assistant.
and a child psychologist. Lanza then burst Other teachers hid
id pupils
p in cupb
boards
into a first-grade classroom, killing a and under desks,
desk , and barricaded
d doors.
supply teacher, a teaching assistant and Local
cal aand statte police respond
ded
15 children. One six-year-old girl survived rapid
apidly. Police begaan to wor
o k the
eir way
 Teachers lead crying
children away from
Sandy Hook Elementary
School in the aftermath
of the attack.

through the building, clearing rooms and victims was raw.

w. Flowers and tributes
leading terrified children to safety. Nearby were left and vigils were held in churche
es.
Danbury Hospital was put on emergency US Pres
res ent Barack Obama attend
reside ded
da
alert. As soon as the police moved in, vi in me
vig
vigil emory of the
h victiims and vowed
d
Lanza shot himself in the head. to regulate
e firearm
ms, sttarti
t ng
g off a fiercce
political debate
e. SSh
Shoc
o kw
waves
es spr
prea
eaad fr
from
om
om
The aftermath SSaandy Hoo
okk acr
crosss th
he USSA an
and
d arrou
ound
n
nd
The grief of parents and
d frie
fri
friends of
o the the
e world.
d.

Our daughter Grace was the love

and light of our family.
Mess
Me s a
ss ag
ge am
moon
ng th
he ca
cand
ndle
nd les
les at tthe
he S
he San
andy
an dy Hoo
ookkv
vigi
vigill fo
gi forr Gr
G ac
ce Mc
McDo
Do
onn
nnel
ell,
ell, 7.

GUNS AN
AND BU
BULLET
ETS
Durin
D ring his ram
ampage, Lananza fired 15
155 shots.
He caarried
ed a semi-aut
utomatic rifl
fle and two o
h
handg guuns. Police found
un fo moree guns in hisis car
and aatt home. Nancy
Na Lanza
za had been n a gun
enthu ussiast and
an had mad ade sure that
at her two
boy
oys learnedd to
t shoot att a range.

Sandy Hook, 2012 11

1
 Beh he New
ehind the ws: The big qu
questions
ns

Mor
oral principles are
re those tthat cate
tegorise behaviour as righ
ght or
wrong. Mass murd
wr rder is reg
egarded aas immoral and as a crimrime. This
is
view is reflect
cted in law
aw, but co
courts also recognise that
at mentalal
illness may rreduce a killerssa
ability to make a moralal judgme
ment.

We are in a state of disbelief a

annd trying
to nd whatever answers we can.
We, too, are asking why?
Pete
Pe er La
anza,
nz
za, est
stra
rang
ra n ed
ng d ffat
athe
at h r off S
he Saandy
an
a dy Hoo
ook
k ki
kill
l er A
ll Ada
dam
da m La
Lanz
nza,
nz a,
as
s reppor ted in Th
ortte Thee Ne
New w Yo
York
rk Tim
imes
es..
es

Murd
der and
d moralss Pressures at school
Re
eligi
giou
ous sc
scri
ript
ptur
ures
es aalso
lso co
cond
ndem
emn
n mu
murd
rderr, Scho
School
o s ar
are
e of
ofte
ten
n em
emot
otio
iona
nall presssu
sure
re
alth
thou
ough
gh som
ome
e faitths
h mayy leg
gittim
imis
i e ot
o he
herr c ok
co oker
ers fo
for yo
youn
ng pe
peop
ople, fo
or ma
many
form
fo ms off killiin
ng inn
nnoc
ocen
nt pe
p op
ople
le, ass in
n reas
reason
ons.
s Sch
choo
ools
l imp
mpos
ose ru
rule
les,
s the
heyy ma
make
ke
w rffar
wa are
re
e. Are
e ssom
ome type
pes of killiing wor
o se dema
demand
nds,
s, and
nd the
heyy ar
are
e fu
fulll o
of ad
adol
oles
esce
cent
nt
tthan
thaan oth
thers?
s? Aft
fter
e the San
andy
dy H
Hoo
ookk inse
insecu
curi
rity
ty and
nd p
pee
eerr gr
grou
oup
p pres
essu
sure
e.
masssac
ma a re
e, a sm
smal
a l gr
g ou
up of Chr
hris
isti
tian
ans Most
Most p
peo
eopl
ple le
lear
arn
n to cop
opee wi
with
th this
hs
hi
clai
claime
medd th
that
at tthe
he killlerr wa
was do
doin
ing
g Go
God
dss duri
during
ng tthe
heir
ir sch
choo
o l caare
reer
er, bu
but
ut,
t in a few
w
willll, in pun
wi unisshi
hing
ng Ame
merica
ca ffor
o its imm
m or
oral
a case
cases,
s, sch
choo
ol da
days
ys may
ayy lea
e ve emo
eave motion
onal
al
ways
ways. Th
This
is con
nto
tortted rea
easo
soni
ning
g sho
hock
cked
ed scar
sc arss wh
whic
ich
h laast
s a life
lifetim
lifet me.
e Tha
hatt m
mayy be
b
othe
other Ch
Christ
stians
ns and tthe
h wid
ider
e whyy sc
wh scho
hool
olss be
beco
come tar
a ge
ets
t for
o vio
i le
ent
n
comm
commun
nit
ity,
y, bei
e ng dee
eeplly of
offe
fensivve atta
at tack
ckss tth
they
ey appeaar to b
bee a syym
mbol of alll
to rel
e at
ativves
e of th
t e vi
v ct
ctim
ims.
s. that
th
hat
at iiss wrron
ong
g in one
ones lif
ife.
e.

12
 Bullying and alienation
at school can come at a
time when children are
feeling very insecure
about themselves.
This can increase their
feelings of isolation.

We dont have a crime probleem

m, a gun
problem or even a violen
nce
ce problem.
What we have is a sin problem.
Mike
Mi ke Huc
ucka
kabe
ka bee,
be e, for
orm
rme
m r Go
mer Gove
vern
ve rnor
rn o of Ar
or Arkaka
k an
nsas
ns a
as
and
an d ho
host
st o
off a s
shhow on FO
FOXX Ne
New ws,, US
ws
w U A A..

The m
mor
o al isssue
uess ar
a ou
ound
un
und
n sch
nd choo
oll ki
killllin
ing
g
gs mind
mind and
d soc
ocia
iall in
nte
tera
ract
ctio
ion
n me
mean
an ttha
hatt
a e ve
ar v ry sim
mpl
ple
e th
they
h
hey
ey are tter
erri
ribl
ble
e cr
crim
imes
es.. many
many que
est
stio
ons mus
ustt be d
deb
ebat
ated
ed
d in or
orde
de
er
Howe
How ve
ver,r the
he
e cco
ompl
omp exit
ityy of the h
hum
u an forr th
fo the
e pr
pro
oble
ob
o lem
m to b
be de
deal
a t wi
with
th pro
rope
perl
rlyyy.

A CAR
ARIING
SOC
OCIETY
TY?
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What are the moral issues? 13

3
 Beh he New
ehind the ws

Ar school killings
Are gs part of a majoror social breakdown? Peo
eople
worry about secu
w curity and
nd build g
gated communities, which
ich only
encourages isosolation. T
They hea
ear exaggerated reports of
o crime e
and, in so
some placaces, they
ey
ybbuy guns to protect the
hemselves
es.

Cultures of violen
nce mafia killers. The kkillings
illi g were often
Th
hro
roug
ug
gho
hout
ut the 20t
0 h cent
n ur
u y, films and divorced from
m aany sense of reality or
t le
te evi
v si
sion
on glorifi
f ed gun
u battlles in the Wild consequen
quence, as played out by children in
W st
West, an
a d made
de stars
r out of mo
m bsters and playg
laygrounds, yelling with pointed fingers:

SCHOOL VIOLENCE
IN THE USA
"

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14
B
Ban
a g-
g ba
b ng you
ure dead. Todayy,
y th
the Copycat terror
ob
bse
ess
s ion with violence has beco
ecome Images of shooting and violence are
global. Children and adults
ults spend hours everywhere, but, of course, not all the
playing computer gam
games based on viewers turn into killers. However, the
shooting gunss and
an hunting down victims. effect on just a few troubled people might
Televisi
sion
io and online news channels well be very deep. Feeling inadequate,
also
o bring
br real-life images of warfare, they seek celebrity. Feeling hard done
tterrorism and other violent events into by, they look for revenge. We do know
ow
the sitting room, making carnage seem that some have been inspired byy footage
f e
almost normal. of other school shootings.
s.

A TV news channel
flashes up images of Eric
Harris and Dylan Klebold,
who were responsible for
the Columbine High
School shootings in 1999 Rather than a loss of
(see pages 1617).
Theories about what innocence, Ive got to hope that
motivated them include
bullying, psychological
something like this encourages
problems and the us to be better people.
influence of violent
computer games. US
U S Pre
resi
s de
si dent
ntt Billl Cl
n C in
nto
ton
n att the
h ded e ic
icat
atio
ati n of the
io h
C lumb
Co lu
umb
m in ne MeM mo
moririiall Parrk
rial k..

A violent world 15
5
 Beh he New
ehind the ws: The inside
e story
y

The mmassacre of pupupils andd one teac

acher at Columbine, Colororado,
left yet another ccommuni
le nity devaastated. More than any other,
o
Columbine camame to sysymbolisee the horror of school killings.
kil
The killer
ers shouteted, laugh
ghed and taunted their vi
g victims
as they gunne
gu ned them down.

NEWS FLASH
Date: 20 April 1999
Location: Columbine, Colorado, USA
Target: Columbine High School
Perpetrators: Eric Harris (left, aged 18),
Dylan Klebold (right, aged 17)
Deaths: 15 including both perpetrators
Injured: 21
Outcome: Double suicide

The killers planned to use 99 explosive

devices, including pipe bombs and firebombs,
as well as guns.

Ruthle
ess murd
derrers cafe
cafete
teri
ria. W
Whe
hen
n th
the bo
bomb
bs faailled
d to
to
Ericc Har
Er arriss an
and
d Dy
Dylaan Kl
Kleb
e ol
old
d be
bega
gan
n th
thei
eirr expl
exp od
ode,
e, tthe
he two ret
e ur
urne
nedd and
an
nd,
d aatt
dead
deadly
ly attac
ackk by p
pla
laci
cing
ng a small fir
ireb
ebom
omb
b 11.19
9 am
am, be
ega
gan
n sh
shoo
otiing and scaatter
erin
ng
in
n a ffie
eld nea
earr th
theirr hi
h gh sch
schoo
ool, in
n or
orde
derr pipe
pe bom
ombs
bs. Th
The
e po
p e wer
police ere ca
called at
a
to
o divertt th
the em
emerge
enc
ncyy se
serv
rvic
i es
es. Th
They
ey 11
1.2
.22
2 am and
deeng
ng
gag
ged in a gu
un b
baatttle
e
then
then drove
ve to th
the
e scho
hooll and p
plaace
cedd tw
wo w th Harri
wi arrriis.
s The tw
wo kille
ers
r enter
ere
edd the
prop
propan
ne bo
bomb
mbss hi
h dd
den in
n ba
b gss in th
the lilibr
bra
b ary
brar
a y wh
her
ere
e pu
pup
piils wer
ere
e hi
h di
d ng and

16
 CCTV footage captures
Eric Harris and Dylan
Klebold during their
rampage through
Columbine High School.

I have a goal to destroy as mu uch

ch as possible,
so I must not be sidetracked
ed by my feelings
of sympathy, mercy oorr any of that.
Eric
Eric Har
arri
rris
rri
rriis,
s jou
o rn
rnal
all ent
n rry
y.

open
op ened
ed fir
ire.
e. TThe
he att
t ac
a ke
kers
rs lat
ater
err rre
eturrne
et
e nedd pres
prescr
crib
ibed
d ant
ntid
ide
ep
presssan
antss, th
that
at the
heyy
to
o the sch
choo
o l caafe
fete
teriaa an
and
nd
nd tr
trie
iedd tto
o were
we e iin
nag
gang
gang,, th
hat the
heyy we
were
re influ
uen
ence
ced
deto
det naate
t the
he b
bom
ombs
bs. Th
bs. They
eyy ccom
omm
mitt
tted
ed by vvio
iole
ent
nt com
ompu
p te
terr ga
game
mess or by
suiccid
su ide
e at abo
bout
out
u 12.
ut 2.08
0 pm
m..
m cont
contro
rove
versssiaal s
sat
ataaan
anic
ic ro
ock per
erfo
forrm
rmer
ers,
s,
such
such aas Maari
rily
lynnM
Mans
Manson
on.. A de
deca
cad
de aft
d fter
er
Getttiin
ng to the truth the
the ma
m ss
ssaaac
acre
re,, it bec
ecam
ame
e cl
c ea
e r th
haatt man
anyy of
o
T levisi
Tel
Te sion
n cre
r ws
w rushe
h d to
to the sce
cene
ne. th
hos
ose
e sttorrie
iess we
were
re
euunt
ntru
rue
e or exa
xag
gger
gg
g erat
erated
ated.
ed
News
News of th
he tr
traged
edyy sp
spre
reaad
d aro
roun
und th
the The tw
wo kkilille
lers
rs wer
rs ere
e de
deep
eply
eplyy diisstu
turb
rbed
rb ed
wo
orl
r d.
d Man
ny of the
he rep
epor
orttts inc
nclu
lud
de
ded mo
morre in
ndi
divi
vidu
dual
als. One
One
e offfic
icia
iall re
ia epo
port
rtt su
ugge
ug
gge
gest
stss
st
heaar
he arsa
sayy an
nd sp
spec
ecul
ulat
atio
ion
n tth
than
n aact
ctuaal fa
fact
ctsss. Harr
Harris
is w
was
ass a psy
sych
ch
hop
pat
ath,
h wh
h, hiile
e Kle
lebo
bold
bo d
Itt w
was
as sai
aid
d th
that
at the two
wo h
haaad bee
een
n bu
bullllie
ed, wass exxtr
wa trem
emel
em elyy de
epr
pres
presse
esse
sed.
ed.
d The
The
heir
i aim was
thaatt tthe
th heyy w
were
we e lon
oner
ers,
s, ttha
h t th
they
ey had bee
een
n to cre
eat
a e a ma
majo
jorr tte
jo terr
r or
rro is
istt atta
atta
at tack
ck..
ck

I wouldnt say a single word to themm.

I would listen to what they have to
say and thats what no one did.
Ma
M
Mari
ari
rillyn Ma
Mans
n on
ns n, w
whhen ask
ked
e wha
at he wou
ould
dssay
ay to
ay o th
the
he Co
olu
lumb
umb
mbin
ine
e ki
k ller
kill
lle
ers.
er s.

17
7
 Beh he New
ehind the ws: The big qu
questions
ns

The
e experience of re
real-life v
violence
e and fear can obviously y affect
human behaviou
h our during
ng childho
hood and later. But whatt about
made-up violenc
nce on film
ilm, televi
vision or computer games es? Doess it
really pla
lay a part
art in scho
hoo
ool killings such as Colu
umbine? ?

Many video games use

replica guns as part of
their playing experience.

continued exposure to violent videeos

os will
make an adolescent less sensitive tto
o violence,
more accepting of violence, an
ndd more likely
to commit aggressive
ive acts.
D Jor
Dr orda
dan
da n Gr
G af
a ma
man,
n, U
US
S Na
Nati
tion
ti onal
onal Ins
nsti
titu
tutttes of Hea
tu alt
lth
h st
stud
udy.
ud y.

18
Viollen
nce and
d fantasy mere screen image.
Some
e experts believe that made
ade-up The campaigning film director
violence does play a part,
t, and
a that Michael Moore made a successful movie
i mersion in realistic
im tic and
a violent games called Bowling for Columbine (2002), which
can be
e dan
ngerou
erous for some people. Others looked into some of the possible causes
disagree
e and claim that indulging in fantasy behind the attack. In the movie, he
violen
lence may actually reduce incidence of pointed out that the industrial giant
tthe real thing. Parents are often advised to Lockheed Martin, which makes missiles
siles
monitor their childrens game activities and unmanned attack systems,
s, ha
h
has a basse
and to look out for any signs of trouble. at Littleton, near Columbine
ine
ine. Cou
uld
connections be made
e with
w the scchool
From screen to missile shooting? Not a d
direct one, mayb
be, but the
Some point out that the line between comparison
on does raise importantt mo
m ral
computer games and actual warfare is questio
stions
stio . Are nattional institutionss,
beginning to be blurred. Missiles or drones e
ec
economie
es and gllobal
a politics alsso based
d
can be deployed by an operator sitting at
at on violencce and fe
ear? Does
e sch
choo
ol killin
i g
a desk. Warfare has become imperso
rsonal,
rson a fit into
oag
globall jig
gsaw puz
gs u zl
z e of vio
ole
lenc
ncce
e??

Drone operators can

destroy targets on the
other side of the world,
without any risk to their
own lives.

Doe
oes expos
osure to violence in compu puter
gamees lead to real-life
fe violenc
nce?

YES NO
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Do games make us violent? 19

9
 Beh he New
ehind the ws

M
Mental health pro
roblems,, s social pr
problems, and a culture of
violence: these are
vi re issues s that are
re common in many coun untries.
So why do most st schooll shooting
ngs occur in the USA? Th he extra
a
factors that ti
tip the ba
balance arare the easy availability
y and
a socia
cial
acceptptance
nce of guns.

A well regulated militia, being necessary

to the security of a free state, the right
of the people to keep and bear arms,
shall not be infringed.
Seco
Se co
ond
d Ame
mend
nd
dmment
me nt to th
thee US Con
onst
stit
st itut
itutio
ut ion.
ion.

The gun business

Th
he US
USA
A ha
hass th
the
e hi
high
ghest ow
owne
nersshi
hp
of gun
uns in
n the wor
o ld
d. Ne
Nearly
ly h
hal
a f th
the
e
popu
po ula
lati
tion
on kkee
eep
p on
one
e or mor
ore
e gu
guns
n
on the
heirr p
pro
ope
pertty.
y Alt
ltho
houg
ugh
h th
the
e US
popu
populaati
t on o
onl
nlyy ma
makess up fiv
ive
e pe
p r
cent
cent off th
the
e wo
worlld
d s totaal, bet
etwe
etwween
en
35 aand
nd 50 pe
er ce
cent
nt off al
alll th
he wo
orl
rld
ds
d
civi
civ lian
an-o
-own
wned
d gun
u s ar
uns are
e fo
oun
o nd in
th
hat ccou
ount
ntry
ryy.
ry.

In the USA, guns and ammunition

can be bought over the counter in
shops like this one, in supermarkets
or online.

20
Pro-gun organisations in the US,
such as the Second Amendment
Sisters, campaign to preserve the
right to carry guns.

Carry
ying g
guun
nss
U law
US aw p
per
ermi
erm
ermits
ts ffar
ar wid
ider
e ggun
owne
ow
wne
ner
ersshi
hip th
than
n in
n ot
o he
herr
coun
ccountr
trie
ies.
s. IIn
n fa
fact
ct, ev
everr sin
nce
1791
1791, th
the
e riigh
ghtt of US citi
tize
zens
ns
to kee
eep
p an
and
d ca
carr
rryy ar
a ms h
has
as
been
be n gua
uara
r nt
n ee
eedd un
unde
der
the
the Se
Seco
cond
nd A
Ame
mend
ndme
ment
n to th
the
e US Gun
n control
Cons
Con ti
titu
tuti
tion
on.. Att the tim
ime,
e thi
hiss pr
prov
o issio
ion
n Many
Many oth
ther
her
e Ame
er merrrica
c ns
n arg
rgue
ue pow
wer
erfu
fullyy
w s in
wa inte
tend
nded
ed to em
empo
powe
werr ci
c ti
tize
z ns
n mi
m liti
tias
as forr gu
fo gun
un co
ont
ntro
rol, essp
pec
eciallyy in the
h wwak
ake
e of
of
(mililittar
(m aryy fo
orcces rai
a se
sedd fr
f om the
e civviliaan m ss sho
mass
ma hoootin
oti gs
gs. TTh
They
ey fac
ace an uph
phill
popu
pop la
lati
tion
on).). In
n 20
2008
08, th
the
e US Sup
Supre
reme
me poliiti
po tica
cal st
stru
rugg
ggle
e. Af
A te
er th
the
e Sa
Sand
ndyy Ho
Hook
o
Cour
Cou t in
interp
rpre
rete
ted
d th
the
e wo
word
rdss to
t mean
eaan
n th
thaaatt massac
ma acre
e, Pr
Pres
esid
de
entt Ba
en Bara
rackk Oba
bama
ma
anyy US cit
an itizzen h
had
ad tthe
he rig
ight
ht to
o ow
wn a prop
propos
o ed tig
ight
hter
e bac
ackg
gro
roun
und
d ch
chec
ecks
ks,,
weap
weapon
on. Ma
M ny Ame
meriica
cans
ns
ns hol
hold
d sttro
ong
ngly
ly to sm
mal
a le
ler am
mmu
muni
niti
tion mag
agaz
azin
ines
es and
nd
this
this rig
ght
h , wh
whic
ich
h is ssu
sup
uppo
upport
rted
ed b
byy tth
he ar
arms
ms the
the pr
proh
ohib
bit
itio
ion
n off ssom
ome
e ty
type
pess of rrif
ifle
le.
in
ndu
dusttry and by
by th
he
e fi
f ve-m
-milililion
on-s
-str
t on
ng In A
Apr
prilil 2
20
013,
01
0 3, tthe
he US Se
Sena
nate
te vvot
oted
ed d
dow
o n
ow
Nati
Nation
nal
a RRif
if Ass
ifle sso
ocia
oci ti
t on
on.. th
hes
ese
e prrop
pos
osal
als.
s.

The Global
lobal Profile
P ofile
GUN OWN
NERSHIP
RSHIP AROUND T
THE
E WORLD
AVERAGE
E FIREARMS
EARMS PER 100 POPULATIO
POPUL ON 2007

t
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t
"
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t
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 t
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t 'JOMBOE

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Controlling gun numbers 21

1
Beh he New
ehind the ws: The inside
e story
y

Thom
omas Hamilton ha had beenn a scoutt lleader, but had been rem
emoved
from this postt on the s
suspicion
on of inappropriate behavaviour
towards younggbboys. He compla lained that the rumours w were fals
lse
and he beca
came bitteterly aggr
grie
rieved, even writing to the
th Queen
en.

NEWS FLASH
Date: 13 March 1996
Location: Dunblane, Scotland, UK
Target: Dunblane Primary School
Perpetrator: Thomas Hamilton (aged 43)
Deaths: 18 including the perpetrator
Injured: 15
Outcome: Suicide

During the attack at the Dunblane

Primary School, Thomas Hamilton
fired a total of 109 shots.

The tragedy of Stirling in Scotland. He went to

o the
th gyym
On 13 March 1996, Hamilton entered the and shot dead 15 five- and six-ye
six ear-old
primary school in Dunblane, to the north children. Their teacher,r, G
Gwen Maayor, wass

This is a slaughter of the

he innocents,
unlike anything we have seen in Scotland...
Scot
Sc otti
ot tiish Mem
embe
berr of P
be Par
a li
ar liam
lia
liam
amen
entt He
en Helle
len Li
Lidd
dde
dd elll, 199
e 996.
6.
 Parents and children
wait anxiously outside
the gates of Dunblane
Primary School to find
out news of what has
happened inside.

killed trying to protect them. Hamilton and pupils at the school.

then raked a mobile classroom with
h
bullets, but the children had alrea
already UK gun co
onttro
ol
hidden under tables. He fi
fired
fir into
oa Some paren
e tss set up th
the
e Sn
now
owdr
drop
p Pettit
itio
io
on
corridor and then retu
returned to the
e gyym, to ban privaate owner
e sh
ship
p of gu
g ns
ns,, an
nd th
this
where he shott him
h mself. He wa
w s arm
med witth waas si
s gn
ned
d by 70
705,
5,00
0000 pe
p op
ople
l . A pr
le pres
esss
es
weapons
ns he
h owne
ed legallyy two pisto
ols camp
campai
a gn gat
athe
here
hered
re d a fu
furt
rthe
he
er 42
4 8,
8 27
79
and
d two
tw re
evolvers. siign
g at
a ures
e . A pu
es p bl
blic
ic inq
nqui
u ryy w
ui was
a hel
eld
eld an
a d
d,
Parentss gathere
ed outs
t id
de the sscchool as a res
esul
ullt,, tthe
he
eggov
ovver
ernm
nmen
nment intr
trod
trod
duc
uced
da
to await th
he grim n
ne
ews. Am
Among
g th
hem
m waaass b n on
ba o aallll ccar
artr
ar trid
idge
idge-a
-aamm
mmun
un
nit
i ion
io
on
Jud
dy Murraay, moth
h r of
he o the
h fut
utur
ure
e te
enn
n is hand
handgu
ndguns
gun , of
ns o the
he typ
ypee us
used
e by Ha
ed Hami
milt
milton
lton,,
on
staarrs Jami
m e an
a d An
ndyy Mur
u ra
r y, who
o wer
ere
e a ar
ap a t fr
f om
m .22 ccal
alib
alibre
ibre sin
ingl
g e-
gle-sh
sh
hott gun
uns.
th
he
en ten and eight yea
ears
rs o
old
ld res
esp
pect
c iv
ivel
ey
el Howe
Howeve
v r, the
ve hese
se wer
ere
e al
also
so ban
nne
n d in
i 1997
99
97
7.

These terrible events present a sort

of once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to turn
the gun laws round.
Gill
Gi ll M
Mar
arrsh
s al
a ll-
l-An
-An
Andr
d ew
drews of Gun n Con
ontr
t ol Net
tr etwo
wo
ork
t lk
ta ks to Pau ul Wa
Walld
diiee of th
he Ca
anadi
na
adi an Gl
dian
ian G ob
be an
and Ma
Mail
il, 20
il 2 12.
2012
1 .
12

Dunblane, 1996 23
3
 Beh he New
ehind the ws: The big qu
questions
ns

In the USAA, the pro

ro-gun lob
obby regards the Second
Amendment (s
(see page
ges 20211) as a civil right, at the
e heart
of th
the Ameri
erican way of life.

The only thing that stops a bad guy with

a gun is a good guy with a gun.
Wa
ayn
y e La
LaPi
P er
Pi erre
re,, Na
re atiion
onal
all Ri
ie Ass
ssoc
ocia
oc iati
iation
ti on
n.

Guns are not the problem,

people
e are...
Pro-
Pro-gu
gun
n ca
camp
mpai
aign
gner
erss cl
c ai
aim
m th
that iff
e er
everyo
yone
e cou
o ld
d use
e gun
uns, the
hen
n cr
crim
imee raate
tess
woul
would
d fa
falll. Th
They
ey bel
e ie
ieve
ve ttha
hatt gu
gun
n co
cont
ntro
roll
can
can ne
neve
ver fu
fullly wo
work
rk and tha
hat itt wou
ould
ld
make
make mor
ore se
sens
nse
e if p
peo
eopl
ple
e we
were
re tau
augh
ght
ht
how
how to use wea
eapo
pons
ns res
e po
p nssib
ibly
ly.
y. So
Some
e
Pro-gun protestors poin
pointt ou
outt th
that
at cur
u re
ent p
pol
olic
i in
ing
ng iss too
o
campaign to keep the
poor
po orly
ly fun
u de
dedd to be effe
ffe
ffec
fe tiv
fective
e on
n itss own
n.
Second Amendment,
telling politicians to When
When it co
come
mess to
o mas
asss sh
shoo
ooti
t ng
gs an
and
d
stick to their guns and scho
school
ol kililliing
ngss, tth
ngs, heyy sa
he sayy the
e pr
prob
oble
lem
m is
claiming it is their right
to carry weapons. nott av
no availa
vaila
vaiilaabi
bilility
ty of gu
gunss butt issue
ue
es of
men
me
ent
ntal
a hea
ealt
lth
h scre
een
enin
ng.

24
 H
How many haveave to die before we will
give up th
these dangerous toys?
Step
St ephe
ep hen
hen Ki ng,, Gun
King
ng unss (2
(201
013)
01 3)..
3)

Supporters of gun control

stand outside the White
House, asking the
president to put gun
control on the agenda
and save our children.

A
As lo
ong as guns arre there
here
e, they America
a divid
ded
will be used
d to kill..
...
... The
The di
divi
v de iss of
ofte
ten
n a bi
b tt
tter
er one
ne, wi
w th
The
The co
oun
u te
er-ar
argu
gume
m
me
men
ent
n ru
nts un on th
he
ese powe
powerf
rful
u org
rgan
anisat
atio
ions
n act
ctin
ing
g on
liine
n s.
s The Sec
econ
ond
d Am
Amendm
dmen
e t ha
has be
been
en both
bo h sid
sides
es. Me
Memb
mber
ers of tthe
he N
Nat
atio
iona
nall
misi
misintter
erpr
rpr
prret
e ed
d: th
t e ri
r gh
g t to b
bea
earr aar
arms
ms w
was
a Riifl
f e As
A so
soci
ciat
atio
ion
n ha
have
ve reg
egul
ular
arly
ly aand
nd
not
no
ott co
c nf
n errre
ed up
upoon
on ind
ndivvid
i ua
u lss but o
on
n effe
ef fect
ctivel
elyy ca
camp
mpai
aign
gned
ed in th
t e fa
face
ce of
elll-
we
w l re
egu
gulla
late
tedd mi
miliitias
a , a con
onte
extt ttha
hatt is prot
protes
ests
ts by vict
ictim
imss of ssch
choo
ooll ki
killllin
ings
gss.
in aany
ny casse ov
over tw
wo ccen
enturi
r es o
ou
ut of da
u date
e.
I ad
In dem
emoc
occraacy, diisp
sput
utes
es ssho
h ul
uld
dbbe set
ettl
tled
ed
peac
acef
eful
ully
lyy and law
awfu
fullly,
y not by a g
gun.
gun.
If p
pol
olicin
ng is iine
neff
ffe
ectiive
ec
e ve,, th
then
en tthe
he ans
nswe
werr GUN CONTROL POLL
is tto
o en
nsu
ure ttha
hat it w
wor
orks
ks p
pro
rope
perl
rlyy,
yn not
ot tto
o "GUFS
UIF

NBTTBDSF
JO
/FXUPXO
alllo
ow
w pe
peop
ople
le tto
o acct as una
nacc
ccou
ount
nttab
able
le $POOFDUJDVU
B
QPMM
TIPXFE
UIBU

QFS

DFOU
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UJHIUFS
HVO
DPOUSPM

vig
vigila
gi
g lant
ntes
es. Re
Rece
cent
nt stu
tudi
dies
es sho
how
w th
hat
a
#Z
4FQUFNCFS

UIBU
TVQQPSU
IBE

socci
so ciet
etie
iess w
with
with a hig
gh ha
hand
ndgu
gun
n ow
wne
ners
rshi
hp
hi GBMMFO
UP

QFS
DFOU
7JDUJNT
GFBST
UIBU
a e no
ar nott sa
safffe
fer,r but mor
ore
e vi
viol
olen
e t. Men
en e tal
taal ZFU
BHBJO
OP
BDUJPO
XPVME
CF
UBLFO

heaaal
he alth
th iss
ssu
ue
es ar
are
e impo
port
rtan
ant,
t,, but
butt if th
the
e gu
g ns
ns TFFNFE
UP
CF
XFMM
GPVOEFE
we
ere not
not the
here
re
e, theyy ccou
o ld
ou d not
ot be ussed
ed.

What is the best policy? 25

5
 Beh he New
ehind the ws

Scho
hool killings, like
e earthqu
quakes orr volcanic eruptions, aree very
hard to predict. W
ha Who knowows the eexact moment when a disturbed
dis d
child or adult
lt will fina
nally lose
se control and tip over th
he edge??
But every
Bu ry warnin
ing
ng sign has to be noted..

Profiling studentts? contacts. Manyy wil

will
i l fight,
f g and manyy
Itt iiss no
ot ea
easy
syy and
d proba
b bl
b y not sensib
i le to will watch violent
viole computer games or
p of
profilile
e al
alll st
students in orde
d r to
t highlight te
elevision
elevisio
sion programmes. Yet they will never
pote
po enttial ki
k llers.
s Man
ny off the children in be
e kkillers and may well grow up to be
a scho
ho
ool will suffer from bullying and happy and confident adults with children
d pr
depres
esssion or ha
h ve difficulty making soc
social of their own. Parents, teachers and other

SURVEILLANCE
SOCIETY?
t
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DFOU
PG
#SJUJTI
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XPSL
JO
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6,

IBT
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GPS
FWFSZ
UFO
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t
*O
UIF
64"
NPSF
UIBO

QFS
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PG

U
PG
TUBUF

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t
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JT
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TDIPPM
L
PM
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IBWF
CFFO
DBVHIU
PO
DBNFSB

26
c ilidrren
ch n in the scchool just have to
o be aalert Arms in the school?
and re
r port all unusual threats,
s, boasts,
bo gun After the massacre at Newtown,
obsessions or other extrem
eme behaviour Connecticut, USA, in 2012 (see pages
f om their classmates
fr es or
o those who are in 1011), many more US schools began to
their ca
c re. deploy armed security guards or police
on the school premises. In some US states,
Maki
aking schools secure even the teachers were armed with guns
TTeachers also have to be well drilled in and given weapons training. The gun
n
emergency procedures, knowing how to lobby declared that schools that
at did not
evacuate a school and protect its pupils. do this were setting themsel
mselves
msel up
u as
Boundary defences, cameras and metal potential victims and
d open
op to an attack,
detectors already make it harder for the thereby threatenin
enin
ng the safety off the
public to gain access to schools and not children insid
nsid
nside. Th
his argument waas
just in the USA. Teachers need to be strongl
ngly opposed by manyy peoplle,
e
checked against criminal records, to in
including parents,, teaachers and re
elatives
ensure that children are safe in their class.
ss. of the victims.

Following the attacks

on Sandy Hook
Elementary School in
Newtown, Connecticut,
many US towns placed
armed police at schools
in their area.

Safe schools 27
7
Beh he New
ehind the ws: The inside
e story
y

A pre-agreed codeded securi

rity mess
ssage was broadcast arouound
the Albertville s
secondar
ary school
ol in Winnenden, German any, on
11 March 200 09. Frau
au Koma iis coming. Koma is amomok speltlt
backwards
ds, and itt signalle
led
ed that a killer was on the
th loosee.

NEWS FLASH
Date: 11 March 2009
Location: Winnenden, Germany
Target: Albertville-Realschule
Perpetrator: Tim Kretschmer (aged 17)
Deaths: 17 including the perpetrator
Injured: 7 in Winneden, 2 in Wendlingen
Outcome: Suicide

Kretschmer announced his attack

hours beforehand in Internet
chatrooms.

For fun, because its fun.

Tim
Ti m Kr
Kret
etsc
et schm
schmer
hm er e
exp
xpla
xp lain
la ins
in s hi
hiss mo
moti
tive
ti ve to Ig
Igor
o Wol
or olf.
f
f.

Girlls targeted He was dre

ress
ssed
ed in bl
b ac
ackk co
omb
mbat
at gea
ear.
The
The sh
shoo
o te
ter wa
was Ti
T m Kr
Kret
etsc
schm
hmer
er, a fo
form
rmer
e The
The wa
warn
rnin
ng ca
c me too late
cam e fo
forr a te
t acche
herr
pupi
pupil ar
a me
medd wi
with
h a sem
emi-
i-au
auto
toma
m ti
ticc pi
p st
stol
ol and
and ni
n ne
e tee
eena
nage
ge
erss (ei
eigh
ght of
o them gi
g rl
r s)
s
he had tak
a en from
m hi
hiss pa
p re
rent
nts bed
dro
room
o . in
n the
the
h fir
irsst two ccllass
ssro
oom
omss.
Candles burn outside the
Albertville Secondary School in
Winnenden, Germany, following
Kretschmers deadly attack.

Kret
Kretsc
tsc
schm
chmer mur
u de
dere
redd th
them
em
all.. Wit
aal ithi
h n th
thre
reee mi
minu
nutes
the
the po
polilce
c wer
e e al
aler
erte
t d.
They
They too
ookk tw
two
o mi
minu
n te
es
t arr
to rriv
ive
e at the
h sch
choo
ool.l.
Kret
Kretscchm
hmer
er e
esc
scap
aped
ed,, ki
killin
ng
tw
wo mo
more
e wom
o en teaach
cher
erss
o the way out
on ut.. Mo
Most
st o
off hi
his
v ct
victim
imss we
were
e fem
emal
a e, and thi
h s se
s em
med tto
o Depressio
on and anger
be p
partt of his p
pla
lan.
n. TThe
he gun
unma
man
n th
then
en kilille
le
led
edd T m Kr
Ti Kret
etsc
s hm
hmeer had con
onsu
sultted a
a ca
care
reta
take
kerr ou
outs
tsid
de a ne
near
a by hosspi
pital
taal an
and
d therap
th pistt ab
abou
outt hi
hiss de
depr
pres
essiion
on,, an
ange
gerr and
hija
hijack
cked
ed a car
ar,, ho
hold
din
ng th
the
e dr
d iver,
ive IgIgorr th
hou
ough
ghts
ts of vi
v ol
olen
nce
ce. Kr
Kret
etsc
schm
hmer
ers
s ffat
athe
he
er
Wolf
Wolf, at gunpo
p in
nt as he dr
dro
rov
ove
e to n
nea
earb
rbyy wass al
wa also
so a mem
embe
berr of a sho
hoot
otin
ng cl
club
ub,,
Wend
Wen liing
n en
en. Th
Three
e mo
m e die
more ed th
the
erre in
n gu
un and
and 15 mor
ore
e gu
gunss w
wer
ere fo
foun
und
d at tthe
he
batttle
ba es be
b fo
fore
re
e Krets
tschme
er sh
shott hiimse
elff. fami
family
ly hom
omee in Leu
eute
tenb
nbac
ach.
h

Incomprehensible... It is an appalling crime.

Ge
erm
man
an Cha
hanc
cel
e lo
or An
A ge
g la
a Mer
e ke
el sp
spea
ea
akkiing
ing
ng aft
fter
err th
hee atttac
ck.
k.

A NATION MOURNS
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Winnenden, 2009 29
9
 Beh he New
ehind the ws: The big qu
questions
ns

Se
Securing school p
premises
s clearly
y makes good sense, and d being
b
prepared for the
p he unthink
nkable to
o happen is essential. How
owever, it
is im
mportant
nt that the
he right balance is struck
k.

The possibility of an armed presence

in our schools is a deterrent.
US
S Rep
e re
r se
sent
ntat
a iv
at ive
e Sc
Scot
ottt Cr
ot Craaig,
aig,
ai g Rap
apid
id C
Cit
ity.
it y
y.

What is best for the children? strictly controlled access to school

Educ
Educat
atio
ionall psycho
h logists advise
e thatt premises does not isolate it from the
excessive or intrusive surveillance
ex ce
e does
d not surrounding community.
ne
ece
essarily make for a good
od environment
e
for learning or care. Reinforcing
Rein fear or Guns in or guns out?
anxiety maay have
ve exactly
e the opposite The biggest security question of all is
effect to th
he o
one intended. Children need whether to allow guns into schools in
privacy
cy and
a trust. It is important, too, that order to protect children from attack.

DEBATE
Should we allow guns in school
to protect children?

YES NO
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30
 Messages placed at a
memorial to the victims
of the Sandy Hook
massacre express the
thoughts and wishes of
friends and neighbours.

In the USA, this practice was introduced around the

ewworld, call for schools to be
in some states after the massacre at gun-fre
-fre TThey do not want guns to
-free. o be
Newtown, Connecticut. It is a move no
normalised
d and argue
e that arming
regarded as essential by the pro-gun teachers g
goes against core
re edu
ducaation
lobby, who argue that only an on-site
site principl
p es,, and
d is alsso daang
ngerou
us.
s Hissto
t ry
ry
armed response can end haas sh
hown
n th
that tea
each
each
her
erss
a rampage swiftly. In m y al
ma a so
s suf
uffe
fe
er fr
f om
m
2013, even the Obam
ama DRUG FREE p oble
pr le
ems
ms, an
and
d th
t at
a invvol
olvi
vn
ving
government, no frriend of inex
inexpe
erien
en
nce
c d te
t ac
ache
hers
herss in
the gun lo
lob
bby,
b putt million
ns gun
gun ba
b tt
t le
es pl
plac
acces pup
pilis an
nd
of dol
dollars into a sccheme for o he
otherr te
teac
ache
achers
hers att riskk.
plaacing arm
med police GUN FREE
offficers in schools. SCHOOL A sign shows that this school is
Mosst pe
eop
ple su
u po
up ortin
i g a drug and weapon free zone.
ZONE
gun cont
n ro
ol, in th
t e US
U A an
and
d

The idea that because the problem is guns,

the answer is guns, is simply ridiculous.
I think it reects more that some people take
every opportunity to expand the gun trade.
Dick
Di ck Nor
ck o th
h, wh
whos
o ed
os daaug
aug
ght
hter
e was
s kil
ille
l d in
le in tthe
he Dun
he Du
unbl
b an
blan
anee ma
mass
ssac
ss
s ac
cre
re, 20
2012.
012.
12
2.

Do we need guns in schools? 31

1
 Beh he New
ehind the ws

We llive in an age th
hat value
ues social
al media profiles, celebrity
ty and
fam
ame at any cost.. TTo a you
oung man n suffering from low selflf-esteem
m
and a desire to get hiss own bac
ack on society, even massss murder er
can be a wayy of
o gettin
ing
ng the recognition he cra
raves.

... people have the option of picking facts

according to their political beliefs, instead of
the other way round. The c cu
urrent debate over
gun control is a testament to this trend.
Walk
Wa l er Bra
lk r gm n in Th
gman
an Thee Hu
Huf
fngt
gton
on P
Pos
ostt, 20
os 2013
13..
13

TV news crews and

presenters and other
journalists will descend
on the scene of a
shooting to report
events and get them on
screen, online or in print
as quickly as possible.

32
 In the wake of the
intrusive behaviour of
journalists following the
school shooting in
Newtown, Connecticut,
local people posted this
message comparing
reporters to vultures
birds that feed on
the dead.

A parrt off the p

prob
rob
blem? tele
te levi
vission
on ccha
hann
n ell to an
a othe
her.r. Som
ome
e
Iss the
h med
edia
ia ffann
an
nni
n ng the
e flaame
mes of sch
hoo
ooll deba
debate
tess ar
are
e se
sens
nsat
atio
ionaalilisst, ot
othe
hers
rs m
mor
ore
e
k llllin
ki ings
gs b
byy tu
t rn
nin
ng th
the
e pe
erp
rpet
etra
rato
tors
rs int
nto
o cons
consid
ider
ered
ed aand
nd ttho
houg
ught
htfful.
ful. SSom
omee
hous
ho
ous
u hold
useh d na
n me
messs? In
n 20
2013
13, an
a Eng
glilish
sh jour
journa
nalism
sm iss in
inve
vest
stig
igat
ativ
ive
e. In mo
most
stt
t en
tee
te nag
ger
e wwas
a accu
ussed of pl
u plan
anni
n ng to Euro
Europe
pean
an cou
unt
ntri
ries
es, th
the
e call
call ffor
or str
tric
icct gu
gun
n
atttaack hiss ffor
at orme
m r ssc
scho
hooll witth gu
guns
ns and cont
contro
roll is m
mor
ore
e wi
wide
desp
spre
reaad,
ad, wh
wher
errea
e eass in
n
pp
pipe bom
omb
bs.. It was sai
aid
d he w
wan
ante
tedd to
o the
the US
USA,
A, g
gun
un e
ent
nthu
nthu
usiias
asts
ts are mor
mor
ore
e vo
voca
call
ca
re
eccr
crea
eate
te tth
he
e hor
orro
ors of th
he Co
Colu
umb
mbin
ine
e in tthe
he p
pre
ress
sss, on
o tel
e ev
evis
issio
isio
ion
n an
and
d on
onlililine
ne..
ne
maass
ssacre
re. Sc
Scho
hool
ol kille
ers d
do
o te
end tto
o be They
They wer
ere
e st
stro
r ng
ro g cri
riti
tics
tic of th
cs the
e best
be
est
st-k
-kkno
now
wn
w
insssp
in pir
ired
e by ea
earl
rlie
er tr
trag
aged
edie
iess an
and
d pl
plan
an Amer
Americ
ican
an fillm on sch
sch
choo
ooll ki
oo killllllin
in
ngs
g , Mi
M chae
ch
hae
ael
co
op
pyyca
catt ki
k llin
ngs
gs. Mo
oorre
e s Bo
Bowl
wllin
ing
ng fo
forr Co
C lu
umb
mbin
mbin
inee (20
2 02
2),)
whic
which
ich caalllled
ed
d for
for muc
uch
h ti
t gh
ghte
terr gu
gun
n co
ont
ntro
rol..
ro
Mixed media In
n it,
t Moo
oorre
re tak
akes
es vvic
icti
ic tims
tims of th
the
eCCo
olu
umb
mbine
The
The co
cove
vera
raage of sccho
hool
ol ssho
hoot
o in
ot ngs
g iiss a mass
masssaccre to th
ssac the
e lo
loca
caal su
sup
pe
p erm
mar
a ke
ket,
t to
t,
refffl
re flec
ecti
tion
on of po
poliliti
tiica
call an
and
d cu
ultur
ltturral opi
pini
pini
nion
on dema
demand
mand tha
hatt th
the
e st
stor
orre re
ore emo
move
ove
vess
and
and ca
can
n vaary fro
rom
m on
o e ne
ew
wsspa
p pe
perr or ammu
am
mmu
muni
n tion
to
tion fro
rom
m itss ssh
shel
hel
e ve
elve
ves.
es..

Media matters 33
3
Beh he New
ehind the ws: The inside
e story
y

Rio
io de Janeiro is a all too fa
familiar w
with gun crime, but this s was
Brazils first schoo
Br ool shooti
ting. Plan
ns to implement a gun reduction
re n
scheme in the e city wer
ere stepp
pped up, although the chie
ief target
et
here
re was gagang warfrfa
fare, not school shooting
ngs.

NEWS FLASH
Date: 7 April 2011
Location: Realengo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Target: Tasso da Silveira Municipal School
Perpetrator: Wellington Menezes de
Oliveira (aged 23)
Deaths: 13 including the perpetrator
Injured: 12
Outcome: Suicide

Wellington Menezes de Oliveira killed

12 children, ten of whom were girls.

The victims eighth grade classroom and tookk out

ou two
At 8.30 am on 7 April 2011, Wellington revolvers. He then shot 12 pupils
pup dead,
Oliveira, a former pupil of Tasso da Silveira aged 12 to 14 years. Two
wo police o
officers
Municipal School, an elementary school in rushed into the scho
cho
chool and, before
the working-class suburb of Realengo, Wellington could
cou d reach the next floor,
was allowed into the school to check his they shot
hott and wo
ounded him. He fell dow
wn
school records. Instead, he went up to an a flight
flig off stairs b
beffore comm
m ittin
ng
g
 A wounded pupil is
carried out of the Tasso
da Silveira Municipal
School following
Oliveiras attack.

suicide. Wounded children were ferried to had been

be a very inward-looking pup
u il at
hospital by helicopter, which landed on a sc
school, an
nd repe
eated
dly bullied. Raised ass a
nearby football pitch. Jehovahs Witness, he late
er co
onv
nverted to
Islam. His head
d waas fu
f ll of relilgi
g ou
ouss no
n tiio
on
ns
A history of bullying an
nd ritualss. He ha
h d lostt hiss job
o in
n 20
2 10
0 aan
nd
n
Wellington was an adopted
pted child who haad few frriend
nds.

H
He was a very lonely person...
He w
waas always isolated and in his own world.
N ig
Ne ighb
h ou
o rE
Elda Lir
ira,
a age
a, gedd 55
55..

NATIO
TIIONAL
AL RESP
SPONSE
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PG


Realengo, 2011 35
5
 Beh he New
ehind the ws: The big qu
questions
ns

Whil
ile the news needds to be rreported d and the perpetrators n need to
be
e named, sensatio
tionalist o
or excessssive coverage may only y impress
i s
and encourrage othe
her killers
rs or stoke up public fear
ar. Is it
permissib
ible to br
roadcastt im
images of such a tragicc event? ?

News and ethics th

hat sspe
p culaati
pecu t on and
nd rum
umou
ourr ar
are
e of
ofte
ten
n
Rollllin
Ro ing
g ne
news
ws rep
epor
orts
ts and tthe pres
presen
ente
t d ass ffac
faact.
t. TThi
his ha
happ
ppen
ened
ed at
cons
conseq
eque
uent
nt nee
eedd to ffilil in lon
ong
g pe
peri
riod
odss Colu
Co umb
mbin
bin
in
ne an
nd ag
agai
a n at N
New
ewto
town
wn,
with
with new dev
e ellop
opme
entts in
n a sto
tory
ry mea
ean Con
Co
on
nnec
nnecti
ticu
cut. C
Car
arel
eles
ess re
r po
port
rtin
ing
g ca
can
n

A JOURNALIST:
t
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PS
IFS
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Articles fromom the
t Code of Conduct, National
Union of Journalists (UK)

36
some
someti
t me
mes miisd
sdir
i ec
ectt pu
publ
b icc ang
n er
er, o
orr pare
parent
n al
a p
per
ermi
m ss
ssio
ion,, aand
nd eve
ven
n th
then
en
poin
po nt bl
blam
ame at
a inn
nocen
entt pe
peop
ople,
ple
e, or
o place
ce need
ne ed to be ttre
reat
a ed wit
ith
h th
the
e gr
grea
eate
test
st
u due
un e em
emph
phas
a is on
n ce
c rt
rtai
tain
ain
n as
a pe
pect
ctss of care
care and thoug
ught
htfu
fuln
lnes
ess.
s
the
the pe
p rp
pettra
rato
tors ch
char
har
a aacte
terr. A goo
oodd re
epo
porter
er get
etss th
thes
ese th
hin
ings
gs rig
ight
ht,
but th
bu the
e ur
u ge
genc
ncy,
y, natur
ure an
a d fo
f rm
mat of
Resspecctt for the victtimss televi
te v sion
on new
ews openss up man
anyy pi
p tfal
a ls.
A ma
majo
jjorr di
diff
ffic
icul
ulty
ty aari
rise
ses wi
with
h int
nter
e vi
v ew
ewin
ng Onl
nlin
ne,
e the inf
nfor
orma
malityy off so
soci
c al
a med
e ia
pare
parent
nts,
s, rel
elat
ativ
i es and neiigh
ghbo
bour
urss of site
tess an
and
d blog
ogs is ope
pen
n to abu
buse
e, as
a
vict
victim
ims.
s It is all ttoo
oo eas
a y to
o int
n rude
de at th
the
e ange
anger an
and
d ru
rumo
mour fee
eedd co
conspi
p raccy
very
very mom
omen
e t wh
when
en the
heyy ne
need
ed pri
riva
vate
te theo
theori
r es
es,, mi
misi
sinf
n or
orma
m ti
tion
on,, po
p liti
polit cal
spacce to d
sp deall wi
w th the
heirr sho
hock
ck aand
nd g
gri
rief
ef.. squa
squabb
bbliling
ng and
nd llac
ack
ck of
o res
e pe
pect
ct for
Chilidr
Ch dren
en can o
onl
n y be int
nter
ervi
view
ewed
ed wit
ith
h the vi
th v ct
ctim
ims.
s.

Mourners grieve at
a memorial site in
Newtown, Connecticut,
next to a sign asking
journalists and camera
crews to keep away.

How should the media act? 37

7
 Beh he New
ehind the ws

On 1
19 March 2013,, T Thomas s TJ Lan
ane was sentenced to thrree life
sentences witho out parol
ole. In 20
012, aged 17, he had sho
hot and
killed three p
pupils an
and injure
red three others at the Chardon
Ch
High Sc
School in
n th
the US state of Ohio.

Crime and punish

hment state and the age
ge of the accused. The age
g
M rd
Murder
err car
arri
r es ext
x re
reme
m lyy gra
r ve penal
a ties in off criminal responsibility
resp in the UK is 18.
j risd
ju sdiicti
iction
ons around
d the
h worrld
l , depending In the USA
USA,
U it varies from state to state.
on the cir
i cu
c msta
taances
e . In the case of school No
o ccountries within the European Union
k llings
ki g , relevant factors include the mental allow the death penalty. In the USA, 32 of

While the threat of a

prison sentence may
act as a deterrent for
most crimes, many
people argue that is
ineffective in preventing
school shootings.

38
 At his trial, TJ Lane
showed no remorse. He
took off his shirt to show
the word killer written
on his prison T-shirt. He
smirked and offered
obscene abuse to the
relatives of his victims.

the 50 states allow capital punis

nishment, m ny of them
ma e end in su
uic
icid
i e. In th
id t es
ese
e
but, since 2005, only those
ose aged 1
18 and cases, justi
t ce can
anno
nott taake
k its leg
e al cou
o rs
rse
e,
e
above at the time of the
t crime can be a d puni
an n sh
shme
m nt may
a not be a de
ay dete
terr
r en
rr nt
given the death
ath pe
enalty. Kililers w
who are
e if the
e per
e pe
petr
t at
tra or
ors
s iin
nten
nti
t on
n iiss th
thei
eirr ow
ei o n
too young
ng
g or men
ntally dist
sturbed may be deat
death.
h. Whe
hen
n th
this
is hap
appe
pe
ens
ns,, th
he ch
chie
ef ai
aim
detain
tained in secure
e institutions ratth
her
e thaan o the
of e law
whhas
as to be to pr
prev
evven
e t the
h ld inside
he e a priso
on. crim
me in
n the
the
h first
irst pla
l ce
c and
n so sa
s ve
v
liive
ves.
s In otthe
h r ou
utc
tcom
mess, th
t e kiilller
e
Su
uicid
dall outco
ome
es mayy be sho
ma h t de
dead
ad by th
the
e po
poliliice
e dur
u in
ng
Sch
ho
ool
o killing
gs ar
a e un
nus
u ua
u l be
ecaause
e so the
the ra
ramp
m ag
mp ge.

No single law no set of laws can eliminate

evil from the world, or prevent every
senseless act of violence in our society.
But that cant be an excuse for inaction.
Surely, we can do better than this.
US
S Pre
esiide
d nt
n Barrac
ack Ob
Obam
bam
ma.
a.

Preventing attacks 39
9
Beh he New
ehind the ws: The inside
e story
y

T
The Virginia Tech
ch massa
acre of 202007 was the worst attac ack
by a single gu
gunman in Americ rican history. It raised many
ma
questions a
about loo
oopholes iin the law which allowed ed the
war
arning sign
sig
gns to be missed.

NEWS FLASH
Date: 16 April 2007
Location: Blacksburg,Virginia, USA
Target: Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University
Perpetrator: Seung-Hui Cho (aged 23)
Deaths: 33 including the perpetrator
Injured: 23
Outcome: Suicide

During the second attack on the

Engineering, Science and Mechanics
department, Cho fired more than
170 bullets.

We must double our efforts to reduce

easy access to guns and take more
seriously the need to addres
sss mental
disorders and mental de
depression.
Reve
Revere
ve ren
rend Jes
nd esse
se Jac
acks
kson
kson,, ciivi
on vill riig
ghts
gh ts
s act
act
ctivis
iv
vis
i t.
t
 Crime scene tape
surrounds Norris Hall,
Virginia Tech, the scene
of Chos first attack.

Attacks on campus
The
The ki
killler
e was a sen
enio
ior
stud
st den
ent,
t, SSeu
eung
ng-H
-Hui
u Cho
ho,
a So
Sout
u h Ko
orean cittiz
izen
nwwho
h
ho
lilve
vedd pe
perm
man
anen
entl
t y in
i the
Unitted
Un d Sta
t te
tes.
s.. He laaun
u ch
hed The warnings ignored
two
two se
epara
parat
ate atttac
acks on th
the
e ca
camp
mpus
us, Cho
Cho ha
had
d su
suff
ffer
ered
ed fro
rom
m an
nxi
xiet
etyy at
atta
tack
cks,
s,
arrme
m d wi
med w th two
o han
ndg
dgun
uns.
s The
e fir
irst
st was depr
depre
essiion and sspe
peec
ech
h diff
ffic
icul
ulti
ties
es.. He w
was
as
i a hal
in all off res
esid
iden
nce
nc , wh
wherre he ssho
hott tw
two
o said
said tto
o ha
have
ve b
bee
een
n bu
bullllie
ed,
d, ttoo
oo,, bu
ut th
this
iss was
stu
stud
den
ents
t . He then
n we
went
n to hi
h s ro
room
om, nott co
no onfir
irme
med.
d. Whe
hen
n he wen
entt to
o Vir
Vir
i gi
gini
nia
nia
chaaange
ch gedd hi
h s cl
c oth
hes,
s rem
emov
oved
d his
i Tech
Te ch, ps
psyc
ychi
hiat
atri
riic re
repo
port
portss we
rt were not
were o
com
comput
mp
m u er
erss h
har
ard
dddriv
drive
e an
and
d ma
mailled vid
ideo
eoss forw
forwar
arde
dedd be
beca
caaus
use
e of priivvaacy law
aws.
s.
and
and wr
writtin
ings
gs he haad ma
made
de to
o th
the
e Hiss me
ent
ntal
al pro
robl
blem
em
ms co
c ntin
inue
ued,
ue d but
u
bro
broaadc
dcassterr NB
NBC.
C He th
then
en w
wen
entt to tthe
he beca
be caus
use
e off dif
dif
iffe
fe
ere
enc
nces
ess bet
e etwe
ween
ween
n sta
t te
te and
En
ng
giine
neer
eriing,
g, SSci
c en
nce aand
nd Mec
echa
hani
nics
cs fede
fe dera
derall pr
ra proc
oced
edur
edures
ures,, he
es e was
as not
ot bar
a re
ed
depa
part
rtme
ment
nt, ch
chai
ain
ning
ni
n ng tthe
he doo
oorr sh
hut frro
om
m pur
pur
urch
chas
chasin
asin
ng fi
fire
ear
arms
mss. Th
The
e ma
mass
sssac
acre
re
e
b hi
behind
nd him
im.. In thi
hiss se
seco
cond
nd
d tter
erri
rify
ifyin
f in
ing also
al o raaiise
ise
sedd co
conc
ncer
ncerns
erns abo
b u
bou
utt the
e leg
egal
al
atttta
at tack
ck, he kilille
ledd an
not
othe
herr 30 p
peo
eopl
eop e,
ple r spon
respon
sp o si
sib
biliities
ties o
ti off co
olleg
llleg
ege
e ad
dm
miini
n st
stra
rati
rat on
tions,
s
s,
in
nccl
clud
udin
ing
g fi
five
ve m
mem
em
mbe
bers
rs o
off th
he ac
acad
adem
ademic
emic aass wel
e l as gun law
awss an
and
d th
he et
ethi
h cs
hic of th
t e
staaaf
st aff.f. He th
hen ccom
om
mmi
m ttted sui
uici
cide
de..
de d ff
differ
fer
eren
e en
nt pa
part
p artts o
off the
e med
ediaa.
edia

Virginia Tech, 2007 41

1
 Beh he New
ehind the ws: The big qu
questions
ns

Just stice is a bigger is

issue thanan the pro
rovisions of the law or metethods
off policing. It goes s further r than the
he lawsuits for millions of dollars
s
filed by the vivictims fa
families aagainst Virginia Tech forr alleged
d
ffailures iin theirr du
duties of student care.

Our collective strength and resilience will

serve as an example to the rest of the world.
Char
Charle
arle
es Du
Duma
m is
ma i , prrin
nci
cipa
pa
al Ne
Newt
wtow
wt ow
wn Hi
High
gh
h Sch
c oo
ool,
l Con
l, onne
ne
ect
ctic
icut
ic ut,, US
ut USA.
A
A.

A memorial created
following the massacre at
Sandy Hook Elementary
School in Newtown,
Connecticut, lists the
names of the victims of
the attack, describing
them as heroes.

42
 Orange balloons are
released at Virginia
Techs sports stadium in
memory of the people
killed during Chos
attack.

After the tragedy th

hen into uncont
n ro
ollled rag
age an
and
d tr
trag
agic
ic
In all the heated argument
ents abou
ut gun law, violence? Gr
G eaate
t r aw
waren
e esss of
en o and
a just outcome for the victims is o
often provisio
ion fo
for pe
p oop
ple wit
ith
h me
m nt
ntal
al hea
ealt
lh
lt
forgotten. When
hen the
t televisi
s on caamerass prrob
oble
lems
m iss on
one
eppart
rt o
off th
t is big
igge
g r pi
ge picctur
cture.
have gone
one
e, a teenaager maay be lefft Just
Justic
ice
e ca
can
n be u
use
sed to
se t hea
heall th
the
e da
d ma
m ge
g
paraly
ralysed, contem
mplating a life in a affte
t r a crrim
i e, but can iitt al
also
so
obbe used
ed to
wh
heelchair. The de
eath
h off a six
i -yeaar olld gi
g rl prev
even
e t a cr
en crim
imee from
o hhap
appe
ening
ng in th
the
e
maay leave a familyy in an ong
goiing
n staate
e off firs
firstt pl
p ac
ace?
e?
trauma and grief, iin des
e pe
p ra
r te
e ne
eeed of
o
cou
unsellling an
a d help
p. A sc
s ho
h ol
o mig
ight
ght
b missing
be g the
eir brighte
te
est aand
nd
d mos
ot
ost THE SUICIDE
in
nssp
pirat
a io
on
naal me
mem
mb
mber
e of sttaf
aff.f. Trage
gedi
d es
di FACTOR
off tthiss orrder be
b co
om
me reffer
e en
ence
c poi
ce o nt
nts t
"CPVU

QFS
DFOU
PG
TDIPPM
LJMMJOHT
FOE

fo
or a life
feti
tim
me.
me
m JO
UIF
TVJDJEF
PG
UIF
QFSQFUSBUPS
t
4VJDJEF
JT
UIF
UIJSE
NPTU
DPNNPO
DBVTF
PG
ZPVOH
QFPQMFT
EFBUIT
JO
UIF
64"
The bigger picture t
"CPVU

QFS
DFOU
PG
BMM
ZPVUI
TVJDJEFT
JO
Caan so
soci
c al jus
ci u tice
c rred
e uc
uce ma
many
ny of th
thos
ose
ose #SJUBJO
BSF
UIF
SFTVMU
PG
CFJOH
CVMMJFE
pre
pressu
es
e su
ure
r poi
oint
nts th
nt that
at exp
xplo
ode now
w aand
nd

What happens afterwards? 43

3
 Beh he New
ehind the ws

Schoolol killings are soo disturbi

bing thatt they make us question n what
it is to be human n at all. If a teena
nager kills his classmates
es and
then commits sui
th uicide, th
he questio
tion, repeated on placardsds aroundnd
the world, is s simply wwhy?. DDebating and discussing g the wide
der
moral que uestions ab
about the
he taki
aking of human life is essentiatial.

The challle
enge with gun laws is that
by denition criminalls s do not
follow the law.
Alex
Ale Con
ex onan
ant,
an t, a spo
oke
kesp
sp
per
erso
so
on fo
fforr Se
Sena
nato
na torr Ma
to Marc
rco
rco Ru
Rubi
bio,
bi o, 201
012.
2.

Easing the pressure

The
The mu
m lt
ltip
iple
e str
tran
ands
ds tha
hatt ma
m y co
ont
ntri
r bu
bute
te
t a sch
to choo
o l ki
k llin
ng ma
mayy di
d ff
ffer
er fro
rom
m on
ne
case
case tto
o th
the
e ne
next
xt, bu
butt th
ther
ere
e ar
are
e so
some
me
prac
practi
t ca
call step
epss we can aalll tak
ake.
e Mak
akin
ing
ga
stan
st and
d ag
agai
a nsst bu
bulllyi
ying
ng ccan
an mak
ake ma
many
nyy
BULLYING
LLYI
chilildr
ch dren
enss liv
ivess les
ess mi
m se
s raable
e an
and
d ma
m y
may

Anti-bullying
campaigns in schools
and colleges highlight
the need to include
people and not alienate
and isolate them.

44
 This sculpture of a
knotted gun stands
outside the UN building
in New York City. It has
become a worldwide
symbol for non-violence.

even
even sav
a e liive
ves.
s. Eve
very
ryon
one
e ca
can
n he
elp
p wi
wit
ih
ith mental
al hea
ealt
lth,
h med
edic
icat
a io
ions
n and the
heir
ir ssid
ide
e
thiss iss
th ssue
ue onl
nlin
ine,
e, in sc
scho
hool
ols and
d co
c lllleg
eges
es, effe
ef fect
cts.
s Fin
nd ou
outt ab
bou
ut th
the
e me
medi
diaa wh
who
o
on the stree
e t an
nd at hom
ome
me
me.
e Goi
oing
ng out off owns
owns the
e bro
oad
adca
cast
stin
ng co
comp
mpan
anie
i s,
s and are
one
one s wa
w y to mak
ake
e frie
f ie
fri ndss wi
iend with
th peo
opl
pe they
they rep
epor
orti
t ng fairlly an
and
d ac
accu
cura
rate
tely
ly?? An
And
d
w o ar
wh are
e sh
hy orr un
np
npopullar
a , un
unde
derstand
n in
ing
g then
then the
there
re is th
the
e bi
big
g qu
ues
esti
t on g
gun
uns.
s.
thos
tho e wh
who
ho
o are
e de
dep
pres
presse
sed,
d, ffea
earful
ul or Do w
we
e ne
need
ed mor
ore
e of tthe
hem
m to ssta
tayy sa
safe
fe??
anxi
an
nxi
x ous,
o s can be
emmu
utu
tual
a ly rew
war
ardiing
ng.. Or d
do
o we rea
eallllyy ne
need
ed ffew
ewer
er g
gun
uns,
s, may
a be
b
no
one aatt al
all?
l? Thi
hink
nk iitt th
thro
roug
ugh.
h. Ste
t p baackk an
nd
d
In
nv
vestig
gaate and act chec
checkk ou
outt th
the
e ev
evid
iden
en
nce
ce,, no
n t ju
just
st the
e
Maany of th
he bi
b g isssu
sues
es nee
eedd in
inve
vessst
stig
igat
atin
ing
g opin
op nio
ions
ns.. Pu
Publ
blic
icc vie
ews and law
awss va
var
ary
ry gre
reaaatly
and de
deba
battiing
ng.. Wh
What kin
ind
d of soc
ocie
ety
e ty d
do
o we from
from o
one
ne ccou
ount
ountry
ry tto
o an
anot
othe
othe
h r.. SSee
ee how the
hey
want
want to
o lilivve iin?
n? Wha
h t st
stan
and
d ar
are
e po
oliliti
tici
cian
anss comp
compar
a e. Why
ar h ddoe
oess itt m
oe mat
atte
at terr so mu
te ucch? Ju
ust
takkki
ta king
ng,, and wh
why?
y? Fin
ind
d ou
outt mo
more
re aabo
bout
ut reme
rememb
mber
er the viccti
t ms and
d tthe
heir
heiirr fam
mililie
ies.
ies.
s.

We cant tolerate this anymore.

These tragedies must end. And to
end them, we must change.
US Pre
US r siid
deent Bar
arac
ackk Ob
bam
ama,
a, N
New
e to
ewtown
wn,, Co
Conn
nn
nec
e ti
ticu
c t,, D
cu Dec
e em
ec mbe
er 20
2012
12.

Solving the problem 45

5
 adolescent carbine
Some
Som bo
meb dy
d who is gr
grow
owin
owin
ng to
towa
ward
wardss
rd A fiire
ear
arm
m lilke
k a rrifle
e, bu
but with
t a
adul
adu thoo
th
hoo
oodd. The
he terrm iss usu
usu
s al
a ly u
use
sedd wh
whe
en sh
horrte
t ne
ed barrell.
taalk
lking
lkin
in
ng ab
abou
bou
out a te
te
een
enag
en
nag
ager
e.
er.
er con
co
ons
nssp
piracy theory
piracy the
eory
amendment An attempt
p to explain a disaster or ccrime
A ch
han
a ge
g tto
o a fo
form
rm
mal doc
o um
umen
e t, propo
po
osal, by blamiing individuals, organ
organi
anisations
nis or
laaw or
o con
onst
stit
stitut
itutio
i n.
ion governments for carrying
ying it out or
amok covering it up.
R
Run
nni
n ng
n amo
mok
k com
o es
e fro
r m an expre
r ssion constitutio
ion
i the
in he M
Mal
a ay langu
g ag
ge.
e It mean
a sa The
Th
he prin
princi
inciples and the legal framework
ramp
rampag
ag
ge of
o killiling
n , of
o ten followin
ng a on
nwwhich a state or nation is established.
p riod
pe d of depr
p esssion. Constitutions may be written down
antideprressant or unwritten.
Any one of the medicat
a ions used
ed to
t treat a copycat killing
wiide
e range of conditions, incl
including An imitation of a murder or series of
anxiety, obsessive comp
mpulsive disorder murders carried out by other people.
(OCD) or attention-
on-deficit hyperactivity
on- criminal responsibility, age of
disorder (A
ADHD).
ADH The age at which someone can be held
antips
ipsychotic
psy responsible for a crime and tried and
Psychosis is an abnormal state of mind. It
Psy punished accordingly.
occurs when someone loses touch with ethical
reality. Medications which try to manage Something that is based upon
pon moral
m
these abnormal states of mind are principles.
called antipsychotics. federal
calibre In the USA, referr
refe ring to the natio
onal
The diameter of a gun barrel or a bullet, governm
nm
ment rath
her than governm
mentt of
a way of classifying a gun. the
he indivvidual staate
es.

46
gate
ed community militia
A group of houses, apartme
tment blocks A fighting force made up of citizen
or other buildings that
tha is surrounded volunteers or non-professional soldiers.
and prroteccted
d by gates or fences for moral
security reasons.
re
ea Concerning the principles of what is right
gun
un control
c and what is wrong.
A set of laws or agreements that limit peer group
or outlaw the sale, ownership or use A group of people of the same ag
ge and
of firearms. social background. Peer mea
means e
equal.
hearsay pharmaceuticall
Evidence based on other peoples Related to medicin
icin
icines and their
testimony or opinion rather than on manufacture
ure
ure.
first-hand evidence. pipe
pe
e bo
b mb
hijack A simple, improvissed bomb
b made
e of a
To seize control of a car, train, ship or sectio
i n of pip
ipe paacked wit
i h ex
explo
o ivess.
os
plane, using armed force. prop
pane
e
hostage crisis A lilquefied
d petrrole
eu
um ga
g s.
Seizing or kidnapping people
peo and
d holdin
ng school ssho
ooting
them with armed force,
forc while makin
ng Gun viol
o en
nce takin
ng
g pl
placce wiith
thin
i sch
in choo
oo
ol or
political or othe
ther demands
d in retu
urn for co
olleg
ege bu
uilidi
d ng
ngs,
s, in sc
scho
hool
ho ol yar
ards
dss or
their releas
easse. play
aygr
grrou
un
nd
ds, or on ssch
choo
chooll bu
use
ses.
s.
lobby
bby semi-a
automatic
A tempting to gain polittical
Att a or A fi
fire
rear
arm
m tth
hatt aut
uto
omat
om
o atic
ical
ic a lyy rel
eloaaads
el dss its
tsel
tsellf
com
mmerciaal influe
ence
c ove
v r el
e eccte
ted a te
af er fi
f ri
ring
ng
g, bu
ut re
eqquir
qui ess the
e triigg
ger tto
o be
be
rep
presen
e taaatives. pulllled
pu ed tto
o ffi
fire
re
e ano
notth
no her rou
ound
nd.
nd
low
w se
elff-este
eeem
m surveillance
Ap
poor sel
e ff-im
mag
a e,, often
en
n tthe
he rres
esu
esulltt of
o T e us
Th use
e off peo
peo
eopl
p e or
pl o cam
amer
eras
eras tto
owwatc
watcch
d pr
depresssion
on or bu
bulllyi
ying
n .
ng o er a bui
ov u lldin
ld
din
ng orr an ar
a eaa.
me
eddia
a vigil
The
The ch
han
ann
nels
ne
n ls use
ed fo
forr co
comm
mmun
mmu iccat
un a in
ating
g An
n act
c of rre
ct eme
memb
mb
bra
ranc
n e.
nce
n w
news or
o otthe
h r in
nfo
orm
mat
atio
ion
n. The
n. heyy iin
ncl
clud
ude
ude vigilantte
e
n w
newspa
wspape
pe
ers
rs, bo
ook
oks, tel
e evis
issio
on and raadi
dio,
o
o, A pe
pers
r on
rs n who
o is n
nott a re
no rep
pres
pres
esen
enta
entati
t ve
v of a
ass wel
elll as
a the
h Int
n errne
n t an
and
d so
oci
c al
a med
edia
ia,
ia law
law en
enfo
fo
orc
rcem
em
men
entt aag
gen
ency
cy and
n who
ho tak
tak
akes
es
succch as Tw
su wittte
ter orr Fac
aceb
eboo
eb oo
ok.
k the
the la
law into
in
ntto hiss o
orr he
er ow
own haand
n s.
s.

Glossary 47
7
A G milititias
mili as 21
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