PROBLEM 13.

8
A 2000-kg automobile starts from rest at point A on a 6o
incline and coasts through a distance of 150 m to point B. The
brakes are then applied, causing the automobile to come to a
stop at point C, 20 m from B. Knowing that slipping is
impending during the braking period and neglecting air
resistance and rolling resistance, determine (a) the speed of the
automobile at point B, (b) the coefficient of static friction
between the tires and the road.

SOLUTION
Given: Automobile Weight W = mg = (2000 kg) (9.81)
W = 19, 620 N
Initial Velocity A, v A = 0 m/s

Incline Angle, = 6
Vehicle brakes at impending slip for 20 m from B to C
vC = 0
Find; speed of automobile at point B, vB

Coefficient of static friction,

(a) U A B =
WhA B (19620 N) (150 m)sin 6
= 307.63 103 N m
1 2
U A B = TB TA = mv 0
2
1
307.63 =
103 N m (2000 kg) vB2 0
2
vB = 17.54 m/s
(b) U A C = WhA C Fd B C = TC TA = 0
d B C = 20 m F = N
Where = coefficient of static friction
U=
AC (19620 N) (sin 6) (170 m) F (20 m)
=F (19620 N) cos 6
(19620 N) (sin 6) (170 m) m (19620 N) (cos 6) (20 m) =
0
170
= = tan 6 0.893 = 0.893
20

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 PROBLEM 13.17

The subway train shown is traveling at a speed of 30 mi/h when

the brakes are fully applied on the wheels of cars B and C,
causing them to slide on the track, but are not applied on the
wheels of car A. Knowing that the coefficient of kinetic friction
is 0.35 between the wheels and the track, determine (a) the
distance required to bring the train to a stop, (b) the force in
each coupling.

SOLUTION

=k 0.35
= =
FB (0.35)(100 kips) 35 kips
= =
FC (0.35)(80 kips) 28 kips
= =
v1 30 mi/h 44 ft/s =v2 0=
T2 0

(a) Entire train: T1 + U1 2 =

T2
1 (80 kips + 100 kips + 80 kips)
(44 ft/s)2 (28 kips +35 kips) x =
0
2 32.2 ft/s 2
x = 124.07 ft x = 124.1 ft
(b) Force in each coupling: Recall that x = 124.07 ft

Car A: Assume FAB to be in tension

T1 + V1 2 =
T2
1 80 kips
(44)2 FAB (124.07 ft) =
0
2 32.2
FAB = +19.38 kips

FAB = 19.38 kips (tension)

Car C: T1 + U1 2 =
T2

1 80 kips
(44) 2 + ( FBC 28 kips)(124.07 ft) =
0
2 32.2
FBC 28 kips =19.38 kips

FBC = +8.62 kips FBC = 8.62 kips (tension)

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 PROBLEM 13.20

The system shown is at rest when a constant 30 lb force is

applied to collar B. (a) If the force acts through the entire
motion, determine the speed of collar B as it strikes the
support at C. (b) After what distance d should the 30 lb
force be removed if the collar is to reach support C with
zero velocity?

SOLUTION
Let F be the cable tension and vB be the velocity of collar B when it strikes the support. Consider the collar B.
Its movement is horizontal so only horizontal forces acting on B do work. Let d be the distance through which
the 30 lb applied force moves.
(T1 ) B + (U12 ) B =
(T2 ) B
1 18
0 + 30d (2 F )(2) = vB2
2 32.2

30d 4 F =
0.27950vB2 (1)
Now consider the weight A. When the collar moves 2 ft to the left, the weight moves 4 ft up, since the cable
length is constant. Also, v A = 2vB .
(T1 ) A + (U1 2 ) A =
(T2 ) B
1W
0 + ( F WA )(4) = A v A2
2 g
1 6
4 F (6)(4) = (2vB ) 2
2 32.2
4 F 24 =
0.37267 vB2 (2)
Add Eqs. (1) and (2) to eliminate F.
30d 24 =
0.65217vB2 (3)
(a) Case =
a: d 2=
ft, vB ?

(30)(2) (24) =
0.65217vB2

vB2 = 55.2 ft 2 /s 2 vB = 7.43 ft/s

(b) Case b: =d ?,=
vB 0.
30d 24 =
0 d = 0.800 ft

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PROBLEM 13.49

(a) A 120-lb woman rides a 15-lb bicycle up a 3-percent slope at a constant speed of 5 ft/s. How much power
must be developed by the woman? (b) A 180-lb man on an 18-lb bicycle starts down the same slope and
maintains a constant speed of 20 ft/s by braking. How much power is dissipated by the brakes? Ignore air
resistance and rolling resistance.

SOLUTION

3
=
tan = 1.718
100
(a) W =WB + WW =15 + 120
W = 135 lb
PW = W v = (W sin ) (v)

=PW (135)(sin 1.718)(5) (a)

=PW 20.24 ft lb/s
=
PW 20.2 ft lb/s
(b) W =WB + Wm =18 + 180
W = 198 lb
Brakes must dissipate the power generated by the bike and the man going down the slope at 20 ft/s.
PB = W v = (W sin )(v)

PB = (198)(sin 1.718)(20)
=PB 118.7 ft lb/s

(b)

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 PROBLEM 13.69

Solve Problem 13.68 assuming the kinetic coefficient of friction between

the package and the incline is 0.2.

PROBLEM 13.68 A spring is used to stop a 50-kg package which is

moving down a 20 incline. The spring has a constant k = 30 kN/m
and is held by cables so that it is initially compressed 50 mm. Knowing
that the velocity of the package is 2 m/s when it is 8 m from the spring
and neglecting friction, determine the maximum additional deformation
of the spring in bringing the package to rest.

SOLUTION
Let position 1 be the starting position 8 m from the end of the spring when it is compressed 50 mm by the
cable. Let position 2 be the position of maximum compression. Let x be the additional compression of the
spring. Use the principle of work and energy. T1 + V1 + U12 = T2 + V2

1 2 1
Position 1. =T1 = mv1 =
(50)(2) 2
100 J
2 2
V=
1g =
mgh1 (50)(9.81)(8sin 20=
) 1342.09 J
1 2 1
V1e = ke1 =(30 103 )(0.05) 2 =
37.5 J
2 2
1 2
Position 2. =T2 = mv2 0 since= v2 0.
2
V2 g =mgh2 =(50)(9.81)( x sin 20) =167.76 x
1 2 1
V2e = ke2 = (30 103 )(0.05 + x)2 = 37.5 + 1500 x + 15, 000 x 2
2 2
Work of the friction force.
Fn =
0
N mg cos 20 =0
= N mg cos 20
= (50)(9.81) cos 20
= 460.92 N
F f = mk N
= (0.2)(460.92)
= 92.184
U12 = Ff d
=
92.184(8 + x)
=
737.47 92.184 x

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 PROBLEM 13.69 (Continued)

Principle of work and energy: T1 + V1 + U1 2 = T2 + V2

100 + 1342.09 + 37.5 737.47 92.184 x

=
167.76 x + 37.5 + 1500 x + 15, 000 x 2

15, 000 x 2 + 1424.42 x 704.62 =

0
Solving for x,
=x 0.17440 and 0.26936 x = 0.1744 m

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 PROBLEM 13.70

A section of track for a roller coaster consists of two circular

arcs AB and CD joined by a straight portion BC. The radius
of AB is 27 m and the radius of CD is 72 m. The car and its
occupants, of total mass 250 kg, reach Point A with
practically no velocity and then drop freely along the track.
Determine the normal force exerted by the track on the car as
the car reaches point B. Ignore air resistance and rolling
resistance.

SOLUTION
Calculate the speed of the car as it reaches Point B using the principle of conservation of energy as the car
travels from position A to position B.
1 2
Position A: =
v A 0, =
TA = mv A 0,=
VA 0 (datum)
2
Position B: VB = mgh
where h is the decrease in elevation between A and B.
1 2
TB = mvB
2
Conservation of energy: TA + VA = TB + VB :
1 2
0=
+0 mvB mgh
2
vB2 = 2 gh
= (2)(9.81 m/s 2 )(27 m)(1 cos 40)
= 123.94 m 2 /s 2
Normal acceleration at B:
vB2 123.94 m 2 /s 2
( aB =
)n = = 4.59 m/s 2
27 m

(a B )n = 4.59 m/s 2 50
Apply Newtons second law to the car at B.

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 PROBLEM 13.70 (Continued)

50Fn = man : N mg cos 40 = man

=N mg cos 40=
man m( g cos 40 an )
= (250 kg)[(9.81 m/s 2 ) cos 40 4.59 m/s 2 ]
= 1878.7 1147.5 N = 731 N

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 PROBLEM 13.72

A 1-lb collar is attached to a spring and slides without friction

along a circular rod in a vertical plane. The spring has an
undeformed length of 5 in. and a constant k = 10 lb/ft.
Knowing that the collar is released from being held at A
determine the speed of the collar and the normal force between
the collar and the rod as the collar passes through B.

SOLUTION

W 1
For the collar, =
m = = 0.031056 lb s 2 /ft
g 32.2

For the spring, = =

k 10 lb/ft l0 5 in.

At A: A = 7 + 5 + 5 = 17 in.
=
0 = 1 ft
12 in.

At B: B = (7 + 5) 2 + 52 = 13 in.
2
B =
0 =
1.8 in. ft
3
Velocity of the collar at B.
Use the principle of conservation of energy.
TA + VA = TB + VB

1 2
Where =
TA = mv A 0
2
1
VA= k ( A 0 ) 2 + W (0)
2
1
= (10)(1) 2 + 0= 5 ft lb
2
1 2 1
=
TB = mvB (0.031056) = vB2 0.015528vB2
2 2
1
VB= k ( B 0 )2 + Wh
2
2
1 2 5
= (10) + (1)
2 3 12
= 1.80556 ft lb
=
0 + 5 0.015528
= vB2 1.80556
vB2 = 205.72 ft 2 /s 2 vB = 14.34 ft/s

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 PROBLEM 13.72 (Continued)

Forces at B.
2
Fs = k ( B 0 ) = (10) = 6.6667 lb.
3
5
sina =
13
5
= 5= in. ft
12
mv 2
man = B

(0.031056)(205.72)
=
5/12
= 15.3332 lb
=Fy ma y : Fs sin a
= W + N man

N = man + W Fs sin a
5
= 15.3332 + 1 (6.6667)
13
N = 13.769 lb N = 13.77 lb

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PROBLEM 13.127

A truck is traveling down a road with a 4-percent grade at a speed of 60 mi/h when its brakes are applied to
slow it down to 20 mi/h. An antiskid braking system limits the braking force to a value at which the wheels of
the truck are just about to slide. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction between the road and the wheels
is 0.60, determine the shortest time needed for the truck to slow down.

SOLUTION

4
tan 1 = 2.29
=
100
mv1 + imp1 2 = mv 2

mv1 + Wt sin Ft =
mv2

= =
v1 60 mi/h 88 ft/s = W mg
N W cos=
= F m=
= 29.33 ft/s =
v2 20 mi/h sN m sW cos

( m )(88 ft/s) + ( m )(32.2 ft/s 2 )(t )(sin 2.29) (0.60)( m )(32.2 ft/s 2 )(cos 2.29)(t ) =)(29.33
(m ft/s)

88 29.33
t= t = 3.26 s
32.2[(0.60) cos 2.29 sin 2.29]

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 PROBLEM 13.152

A ballistic pendulum is used to measure the speed of high-speed

projectiles. A 6-g bullet A is fired into a 1-kg wood block B
suspended by a cord of length l= 2.2 m. The block then swings
through a maximum angle of = 60o. Determine (a) the initial speed
of the bullet vo, (b) the impulse imparted by the bullet on the block,
(c) the force on the cord immediately after the impact

SOLUTION

Given: m=
A 6=
g 0.006 kg Impulse-Momentum Diagram in x-direction:
mB = 1 kg
l = 2.2 m
=60
Impulse-Momentum in the x-direction during impact: mA=
v0 ( mA + mB ) v1 (1)

Apply Work-Energy between the impact location and the maximum swing angle (Datum at the pivot, O):
1
3 = T2 + Vg 2 + Ve2
T1 + Vg1 + Ve1 + U1NC where:=T1 ( mA + mB ) v12
2
( mA + mB ) gl
Vg1 =
( mA + mB ) gl cos
Vg1 =
1
Hence: ( mA + mB ) v12 ( mA + mB ) g =
( mA + mB ) gl cos
2
Solving for v1: =v1 2 gl (1 cos )
= 4.646 m/s

v0 =
( mA + mB ) v
(a) Substitute into (1) and solve for v0: 1 v0 = 778.92 m/s
mA
(b) Write the Impulse Moment Equation for the block during impact:

0 + Fdt =
mB v1 Fdt = 4.646 J
(c) FBD of Block just after impact:

F n = man
v12
T ( mA + mB ) g = ( mA + mB ) T = 19.74 N
l
v2
( mA + mB ) 1 + g
T=
l

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 PROBLEM 13.156

Collars A and B, of the same mass m, are moving toward each other
with identical speeds as shown. Knowing that the coefficient of
restitution between the collars is e, determine the energy lost in the
impact as a function of m, e and v.

SOLUTION
Impulse-momentum principle (collars A and B):
mv1 + Imp12 = mv 2

Horizontal components : mA v A + mB vB = mA vA + mB vB

Using data, mv + m(v)= mvA + mvB

or vA + vB =
0 (1)
Apply coefficient of restitution.
vB vA = e(v A vB )
vB vA= e [v (v)]
vB vA = 2ev (2)

Subtracting Eq. (1) from Eq. (2), 2v A =

2ev

v A = ev v A = ev

Adding Eqs. (1) and (2), 2vB = 2ev

vB = ev v B = ev

1 1 1 2 1
Kinetic energies: T=
1 mA v A2 + mB v=
2
B mv + m(v)= 2
mv 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
T2 = mA (vA ) 2 + mB (vB ) 2 = m(ev) 2 + m(ev) 2 = e2 mv 2
2 2 2 2

Energy loss: T1 T2 =(1 e2 ) mv 2

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 PROBLEM 13.164

Two identical billiard balls can move freely on a horizontal

table. Ball A has a velocity v0 as shown and hits ball B, which is
at rest, at a Point C defined by = 45. Knowing that the
coefficient of restitution between the two balls is e = 0.8 and
assuming no friction, determine the velocity of each ball after
impact.

SOLUTION

Ball A: t-dir mv0 sin = mvAt vAt= v0 sin

Ball B: t-dir
0= mB vBt vBt
= 0
Balls A + B: n-dir
mv0 cos +=
0 m vAn + m vBn (1)
Coefficient of restitution
vAn = e (v An vBn )
vBn

vAn e (v0 cos 0)

vBn = (2)
Solve (1) and (2)
1 e 1 + e
=vAn v=
0 cos ; vBn v0 cos
2 2
With numbers
e 0.8; = 45
=
=vAt v0 =
sin 45 0.707 v0
1 0.8
=vAn v0 = cos 45 0.0707 v0
2
vBt = 0
1 + 0.8
=vBn v0 =
cos 45 0.6364 v0
2

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 PROBLEM 13.164 (Continued)

(A)

1
v" A =
[(0.707 v0 ) 2 + (0.0707v0 ) 2 ] 2 =0.711v0

= 0.711v0

0.0707
= tan 1 = 5.7106
0.707
So =
45 5.7106 =
39.3

(B)

vA = 0.711v0 39.3

vB = 0.636 v0 45

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 PROBLEM 13.174

Two cars of the same mass run

head-on into each other at C. After
the collision, the cars skid with
their brakes locked and come to a
stop in the positions shown in the
lower part of the figure. Knowing
that the speed of car A just before
impact was 5 mi/h and that the
coefficient of kinetic friction
between the pavement and the tires
of both cars is 0.30, determine
(a) the speed of car B just before
impact, (b) the effective coefficient
of restitution between the two cars.

SOLUTION
(a) At C:

Conservation of total momentum:

m=
A m=
B m
5 mi/h = 7.333 ft/s
mA v A + mB vB = mA vA + mB vB
7.333 + vB = vA + vB (1)
Work and energy.
Care A (after impact):
1
T1 = mA (vA ) 2
2
T2 = 0
U1 2 = F f (12)
U1 2 = mk mA g (12 ft)
T1 + U1 2 =
T2
1
mA (vA )2 mk mA g (12) = 0
2
(vA ) 2 = (2)(12 ft)(0.3)(32.2 ft/s 2 )
= 231.84 ft/s 2
vA = 15.226 ft/s

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 PROBLEM 13.174 (Continued)

Car B (after impact):

1
T1 = mB (vB ) 2
2
T2 = 0
U1 2 = mk mB g (3)
T1 + U1 2 =
T2

1
mB (vB )2 mk mB g (3)
2

vB2 = (2)(3 ft)(0.3)(32.2 ft/s 2 )

(vB ) 2 = 57.96 ft/s 2
vB = 7.613 ft/s

From (1) vB= 7.333 + vA + vB

=7.333 + 15.226 + 7.613
= =
vB 30.2 ft/s 20.6 mi/h
(b) Relative velocities:
(v A vB ) e = vB vA
(7.333 30.2) e = 7.613 15.226
(7.613)
= e = 0.2028 e = 0.203
(37.53)

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 PROBLEM 13.183

A 340-g ball B is hanging from an inextensible cord attached to a

support C. A 170-g ball A strikes B with a velocity v 0 of magnitude
1.5 m/s at an angle of 60 with the vertical. Assuming perfectly
elastic impact ( e = 1 ) and no friction, determine the height h reached
by ball B.

SOLUTION
Ball A alone

Momentum in t-direction conserved

mA ( v A )t = mA ( vA )t

( vA )t= 0= ( vA )t
Thus ( vA )n = vA 60

Total momentum in the x-direction is conserved.

mAv A sin 60 + mB ( vB=

) x mA ( vA ) sin 60 + mBvB

v=
A v=
0 1.5 m/s ( vB )=
x
0

0.17 (1.5 )( sin 60 ) + 0 = ( 0.17 )( vA )( sin 60 ) + ( 0.34 ) vB

0.1472vA + 0.34vB
0.2208 = (1)
Relative velocity in the n-direction

v A ( vB )n e = vB cos 30 v A;

( 1.5 0 )(1) =0.866vB vA (2)

Solving Equations (1) and (2) simultaneously
=vB 0.9446
= m/s, vA 0.6820 m/s
Conservation of energy ball B
1
mB ( vB )
2
T1 =
2
1 WB
=T1 = ( 3.0232 )2 T2 0
2 g

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 PROBLEM 13.183 (Continued)

=V1 0=V2 WB h

1 WB
T1 + V1 =T2 + V2 ; ( 0.9446 )2 = 0 + WB h;
2 g

=h
(=0.9446 )
2
0.0455 m
( 2 )( 9.81)
h = 45.5 mm

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