RESULT

Ambient Air Temperature, T = 27C

Heater power = 65Watt
Air/Fan velocity = 2.0 m/s
From the experiment, data was recorded below:

Surface Temperature (c) at finite time (minute)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
34.8 36.8 38.6 40.4 42.0 43.5 44.9 46.2 47.5 48.7 49.9 51.0 52.0 52.9 53.8 54.6 55.4 56.1 56.8 57.4

Surface Temperature (c) at finite time (minute)

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
58.0 58.6 59.2 59.7 60.2 60.6 61.0 61.3 61.7 62.0 62.3 62.6 62.9 63.1 63.3 63.5 63.7 63.9 64.1 64.3

Surface Temperature (c) at finite time (minute)

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
64.5 64.6 64.7 64.9 65.1 65.2 65.4 65.5 65.6 65.7 65.8 65.8 65.9 66.0 66.1 66.2 66.3 66.4 66.4 66.5

Surface Temperature (c) at finite time (minute)

61 62 63 64 65
66.5 66.5 66.5 66.5 66.5

The temperature reached the steady state condition at 66.5 C since it showed a constant value
over time. The difference between surface temperature, Ts and ambient temperature, T were
then calculated by subtracting Ts - T:

Surface Temperature (c) Ambient Air Temperature (c) at finite time (minute)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
7.8 9.8 11.6 13.4 15 16.5 17.9 19.2 20.5 21.7 22.9 24 25 25.9 26.8 27.6 28.4 29.1 29.8 30.4

Surface Temperature (c) Ambient Air Temperature (c) at finite time (minute)
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
31 31.6 32.7 33.2 33.2 33.6 34 34.3 34.7 35 35.3 35.6 35.9 36.1 36.3 36.5 36.7 36.9 37.1 37.3

Surface Temperature (c) Ambient Air Temperature (c) at finite time (minute)
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
37.5 37.6 37.7 37.9 38.1 38.2 38.4 38.5 38.6 38.7 38.8 38.8 38.9 39 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.4 39.4 39.6

Surface Temperature (c) at finite time (minute)

61 62 63 64 65
39.6 39.6 39.6 39.6 39.6
The graph of Ts - T vs Time is plotted below:

45

40
Temperature, Ts - T ambient

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Time, t (min

Graph 1.0: Temperature, Ts - T ambient vs Time

From the observation on the graph, the temperature rises proportionally with time. The
temperature keep increasing until it reaches minute 60. From minute 60 to 65, the temperature is
constant at 66.5C and does not change. It is because the steady state condition is achieved at
that time.
The surface temperature at steady state condition is at 66.5 C. To get a Temperature of film, we
find the average temperature between surface and ambient temperature.
+
Tfilm = 2
66.5+27
= 2

= 46.75C
Tfilm act as a reference to determine air properties. From the thermodynamics table, properties
such as density, thermal conductivity, dynamics viscosity and specific heat are determined.
(Interpolation between values was performed.)
Air properties at 1atm, T = 46.75 C:
Density, = 1.1031 kg/m2
Thermal conductivity, k= 0.02712 W/m.K
Dynamics viscosity, = 1.949x10-5 kg/ms
Specific heat, cp = 1007 J/kgK
SAMPLE CALCULATION
Find the local Prandtl number, Pr:

Pr=

(1.949105 )(1007)
=
0.02712

= 0.724
Reynolds number is calculated based on the plate distance:

Rex =

Where x is the plate distance, x= 0.1, 0.21 m. we take the lowest x, which is 0.1 m.
(1.1031 )(2.0)(`0.1)
= 1.949x105

= 11.32x 103
From the value above, Re < 5 x105, we know that the air flows in laminar flow. So we refer the
equations respective to laminar flow.

Next we determine the friction coefficient, Cf, local boundary layer, , local thermal boundary
layer, T, Rayleigh number, Ra.
p/s: For every calculation below, we refer the highest value of x, which is 0.1m.
Friction coefficient (laminar):-
0.664
C f=

0.664
=
11.32 x 103

= 6.24 x 10-3
Local boundary layer, :-
4.91
=

4.91(0.1)
=
11.32 x 103

= 4.615x10-3 m
Local thermal boundary layer, T:-

T = 3
1.026( Pr)

4..615 x103
= 3
1.026( 0.724)

= 5.009 x10-3 m

Local Nusselt number, Nux:-

Nux= 0.332Re0.5Pr1/3
= 0.332(11.32x103)0.5(0.724)1/3
= 31.72
Overall Nusselt number,Nu:-

Nu = 0.664 0.5 1/3 =

= 0.664(11.32x103)0.5(0.724)1/3
= 63.44

Local heat transfer coefficient, hx:-

Nux=

hx= Nuxk/x
31.72(0.02712)
= 0.1

= 8.6W/m2K
Overall heat transfer coefficient, h:-

= Nu

63.44
=

63.44(0.02712)
=
0.1
= 17.205 W/m2K
Complete values are below: -
Mechanical Surface temperature Ambient temperature at every 10cm plate distance (m)
Thermal 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Properties
Reynold 11.32 22.64 33.96 45.28 56.60 67.92 74.06 90.56 101.88 113.2
Number, Re
(x103)
Friction 6.24 4.41 3.60 3.12 2.79 2.55 2.44 2.21 2.08 1.97
coefficient,
Cf
(x10-3)
Local 4.615 6.53 7.99 9.23 10.32 11.3 12.63 13.05 13.84 14.59
boundary
layer,
(x10-3)

Thermal 5.009 7.088 8.673 10.02 11.202 12.265 13.709 14.165 15.023 15.837
boundary
layer, T
(10-3)

Local 31.72 44.86 54.94 63.44 70.92 77.69 81.13 89.71 95.15 100.3
Nusselt
Number,
Nux

Local heat 8.6 6.03 4.97 4.30 3.85 3.51 3.14 3.04 2.87 2.72
transfer
coefficient,
hx (W/m2K)
 120
Reynold's number,Re (10^3
100

80

60

40

20

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
plate distance, (m)

Graph 2.0 relationship between Reynoldss number change with distance.

6
Friction coefficient(10^-3)

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
plate distance, (m)

Graph 3.0 Relationship between friction coefficients along the plate.

 18

16

14
layer, (x10-3)

12

10

0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Plate distance (m

boundary layer boundary layer thermal

Graph 4.0 comparison between both layers against plate distance.

10
local heat transfer coefficient, (W/m^2K

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
plate distance (m)

Graph 5.0-Local heat transfer coefficient vs plate distance.