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BASIC CONCEPTS OF
URBAN DRAINAGE
By : Engr Halina Hamid
Drainage and Design Flood
20 volumes
48 chapters
www.msmam.com
MSMA - Control at Source
Estimation of Peak Flow for a Single Sub-catchment using Rational method
Example:
A flood with a discharge of 50 m3/s may have an AEP of 0.01, that is on
the average there is a 1% chance that a flow of 50 m3/s will be equalled to
or exceeded in any year.
The ARI is 1 1
Tr 100 years
P 0.01
Hence, a 1% AEP has an ARI of 100 years
Choosing a design / event ARI (Volume 2 MSMAM)
Minor system - collect and convey runoff from relatively frequent
storm events to minimise inconvenience and nuisance flooding.
Note: The definition of major or minor system does not refer to the
size of the drains.
Chezy: V C RSo
2 1
1
Manning: V R 3So2
n
Design Rainfall (Volume 4 MSMAM)
Ic FA I p
where,
FA = areal reduction factor
Ic = average rainfall over the catchment
Ip = point rainfall intensity
where, RI = the average rainfall intensity (mm/hr) for ARI and duration t
t
R = average return interval (years)
t = duration (minutes)
a to d = fitting constants dependent on ARI
Design Rainfall (Volume 4 MSMAM)
The design rainfall depth Pd for a short duration d (minutes) is given by,
Rainfall intensity I
Pd
I
d
where,
Pd = rainfall depth in mm
d = rainfall duration in hours
Example 1: Calculation of 5-minute duration rainfalls
Calculate the 5-minute duration, 20-year ARI rainfall intensity for use in a roof
design in Kuala Lumpur.
Solution:
20
I30 142.4 mm/hr
20
P30 142.4 mm/hr 0.5 71.2 mm
20
I60 91.3 mm/hr
20
P60 91.3 mm
For Kuala Lumpur, P24h 100 mm
FD = 2.08
29.4 mm
20
P5
20
I5
d
29.4
5 60
352.7 mm/hr
Time of Concentration
The time of concentration is the flow travel time from the most hydraulically
remote point in the contributing catchment area to the point under study.
Time of concentration tc to td
where,
to = overland flow or sheet flow travel time (minutes)
td = conveyance system flow travel time (minutes)
Time of overland sheet flow to
Friend's formula: 1
107 n L3
to 1
2
S
where,
to = overland sheet flow travel time (minutes)
L = overland sheet flow path length (m)
n = Manning's roughness value for the surface
S = slope of overland surface (%)
Rational method
suitable for catchment
area < 80 hectares
Ld 400
td 6.7 min
V 1
Therefore, tc = to + td = 8.5 + 6.7 15 mins
5
I30 117.9 mm/hr
5
P30 117.9 mm/hr 0.5 58.9 mm
5
I60 75.7 mm/hr
5
P60 75.7 mm
5
P15 45.5
5
I15 182 mm/hr
d 15 60
4. Determine runoff coefficient
Design Chart 14.3, Category 3, C = 0.87
0.87 182 10
360
4.4 m3 s