TECHNICAL NOTES 7. CARBON EQUIVALENT FORMULAE AS one takes up welding of high stength steels (high carbon steels or low alloy steels) an understanding of catbon equielent of base material becomes important. The need for and degree of preheating and interpass temperature, depends on the carbon equivalent which is an jndicelor of weldablliy which, f fum, depends on the herdenablity of the steel, Hence this is a useful note for welding technicians in planning for and then controling welding operation through appropriate selection of preheal and interpess tempereture. Successful developments of high strength steels, With tensile strength going up to 80kgénm? and even more, combined with ood weldebilty, have been based on progressive reduction of cerbon equivatent of the steel. improvement in notch toughness of the stzel was achieved with reducfon in carbon equivelent. The petiod 1967-1979 \wiinessed this repid developmentin steelmeting and processing techniques The enciosed figure serves to illustrate how progressive reduction in carbon equivalent resulted in progressive rise in impact strength at minus 20°C. That is how large quentites of high strength quenched & tempered steels were Broduced and used for fabrication of penstock pipes, bridges etc., thereti¥’resulling in a very substantial seving in tonnage of steel D.S. HONAVAR ©yere reverse engineering... x! 10 introduee confusion. Evga ed to develop a repair” AWS pu {diferent vain ions exhibit sine ii istline purposes only. Aways consult appropriate code or contract standaré AWS Documen, 1° specific preheat and posiweld heat ee - ‘ treat minimum requirements CE C+ ins Si (Ce Ea WS 6 4 Cains 01.15 Appa. xt CEEC EMG # Crs Mois ys «3 cunts BPS ce values Are Great q CE=Ca Mob s005 DiGtq 2 — for Quick Evaluation “se whieh Gilly Cand Nie ate know) (fa sis 308 Gries Cato Mots0~—vno ose C= C+ 0518 40.330 2 0485, C=C 4 0315+ 093+ O85 = 0020.02Ni ~ 0.01Cv (Cast Che Cs Maver UDO 4 “When Me excel 050%, then Mo is added DN2Ee i Because only minor amounts of mas D112 62 terial (or composition via documenta. ¥ tion} are required to determine CE val. Ti Alley Steal, D143 ues, this avenue can be of great. ere O80 at assistance where quick evaluation of cote aiaiiieg Sincrat_ Component weldeiliy Ir hepeeean snd oh These eta ate a dla 4 Sibi Cs VES 4 V5 Dias ful for evaluating base mateeial(s) where a ee mass _- code-required minirnuny cigar tem= peratures oF other guideline precautions. 0 not appear to be adequate be where to codelspecitication-yph inlogmation oxi 1 Maxienum Catbon Eeuiaem 1, ANSUAWS D1 0! Splat ue sng Code Sto aeons 3a ep Mbni flan nee Welding Code. ‘Mines, Fa 3, AWS [8.0.79 / 54 ‘eation fo Auton = Arc Molding Amen aii FleBRE GOL vane» vi 20°C ef vE at gh sheila satis tevolato.in Seetlsmoving ceuiprgnia of very awl it-shorednilingplaorins —y-zero temperatin ta B6k-used wieiely for snburannes, YyeALS [1100 tees conus mo wars for 10% lahks: Successiul use of such Q&T 37, sSiKENgIh steel hass neon reixterest px i Yelopiucnt of apropuiats clocked: Da 2a 20 16 clu ncluding —suenetl tie ©, T pet While P70 sicel — Tised steel of the: scent snalae hy v Hansynins Diwetions Yb foa7 M68 Tan 97a 1975 1977 Fig A Tomei al inpaet satan and Coq ET HO steel of CeneW I tyne 19 diheclest! Apa fom effermy advats sel tle) thie nagie!-(ouelanets at nod Ml yee nemters