Table A.1: Bias Correction Factors! nod oa no dG &@ oh 2 1.128 0.5642 7979 0.8525 0.954 —-21.-«3.778 0.9638. .9876 0.7272 3.730 3 1693 07236 (8862 0.8884 1588 22 3819 0.9655 9882 0.7199 3.771 4 2059 0.7979 ‘9213 0.8798 1.978 23 3858 0.9670 9887 07959 3.811 5 2326 0.8407 9400 0.8641 2.257 24 3.895 0.9684 .9892 07121 3.847 6 2534 0.8686 9515 08480 2472 «253.931 0.9695 9896 0.7084 3.883 7 2704 0.8882 9594 08332 2685 30 4.086 0.9748 .9915 0.6927 4.037 8 2847 0.9027 .9650 0.8198 2.791 35 4213 0.9784 (9927 0.6799 4.166 9 297) 09139 9693 08078 2915 40 4322 0.9811 .9936 0.6692 4.274 10 3078 09227 19727 0.7971 3.024 45 4415 0.9832 9943 0.6601 4.372 M1 3.173 0.9300 9754 0.7873 3.121 50 4498 0.9849 9949 0.6521 4.450 12 3258 0.9859 19776 0.7785 3207 «60 4.6390.9874 9957 0.6389 4.591 13 3336 0.9410 9794 0.7704 3.285 70 4.755 0.9892 9963 0.6283 4.707 14 3407 0.9453 (9810 0.7630 3356 «80 4.854 0.9906 9968 0.6194 4.806 15 3472 0.9490 9823 0.7562 3.422 90 4.939 0.9916 9972 06118 4.892 16 3.532 0.9523 9835 0.799 3482 100: 5.015 0.9925 9975 0.6052 4.968 17 3.588 0.9551 9845 0.7441 3.538 18 3.640 0.9576 (9854 0.7386 3.591 19 3.689 0.9599 9862 0.7335 3.640 20 3.735 0.9619 (9869 0.7287 3.686 Given k subgroups of size m the Adjusted Average Dispersion Statistics Se or or Kor Fe willbe denoted by the generic symbol Sigma(X) Likewise denote the following ratios: —t or = or or by the generic symbol Sigma(X), wea ey ate dat 17 ME Beer orb) Sigma) and et sigma) dro iter 2B og Sai 1 Vatues fo di dy and de from HLL Haro, “Tables of ange and Stadenized Range” Annals of Mathematical Susy, 501, pTia2 1,198. Valves for and cq were computed fom the formas ix asaVe repTable A. Factors for Using the Average Range, R to Find Control Limits for Subgroup Averages and Subgroup Ranges " a Ps Dt Given k subgroups 2 1880 = (3.268 fh with w observ 3 1023 = 4 each ih cbestralow 4 079) = (ea with Grand Average, ® Osi = « 2i1 and Average Range, R 6 0.483 ~ 2.004 use these constants 7 0d19 0.076 1.924 8 0373 «0.136 1.864 with the formulas below 9 0337 «1B «1816 wo 0308022317 110.285 0.256 1.744 12 0.266 © 0.283 «1.717 13 (0249 (0.307 1.693 140.235 (03281.672 150.223 (0347 1.653 uCLz = X + A2R = Grand Average + Az times the Average Range cig the Grand Average Lely = Grand Average ~ Ap times the Average Range UCLR = Dy R = (D4 tines the Average Range Clr = 8 cae Romrege Range: LClz = D3R = Ds times the Average Range And form >15-the control chart constants may be computed using the following formulas and the basic bias correction factors shown in Table A.1: 3d; d: ps=[1- 32] Denl1 + UB]Table A.3: Factors for Using the Median Range, R uctz cig Lely UCL Clr LCL to Find Control Limits for Subgroup Averages and Subgroup Ranges Ag 2.24 1091 0.758 0594 0.495 0.429 0380 0343 0314 > He = Dg = Ds Ds bond 0.078 0.139 0.187 0227 De 3.865 2745 2375 2179 2.055 1.967 1.901 1.850 1.809 Given k subgroups each with n observations with Grand Average, X and Median Range, & use these constants with the formulas below Grand Average + Ag times the Median Range the Grand Average Grand Average ~ Agtimes the Median Range Dg times the Median Range the Median Range s times the Median Range And for n > 10 the control chart constants may be computed using the following formulas using the basic bias correction factors shown in Table A.1. (The formulas for Ds and Dg are only approximations, hence the multipliers of 3.07. These approximations will work reasonably swell for n 2 10.) Ate 3 an Ds =[1- De = [1+ 298]Understanding Statistical Process Control Table A.4: Factors for Using the Average RMS Deviation, to Find Control Limits for Subgroup Averages and Subgroup RMS Deviations " a fs Be Given k subgroups 2 370 0 = 3.267 _ ‘ 2 om 5 3 each with n observations 4 1B = 2.266 with Grand Average, X, and => = ‘Average RMS Deviation, & 6 141000301970 wa’ tiee cometary 2 1277 01181882 8 117301851815 with the formulas below 9 1085 02391761 1010280284 «1716 1678 1646 1619 1393 1572 Grand Average + Ay times the Average RMS Deviation the Grand Average Grand Average + A; times the Average RMS Deviation UCls, = By & By times the Average RMS Deviation Clq = 5 the Average RMS Deviation Ls, = By in = Bs times the Average RMS Deviation And for n> 15: 3 Aue 1 ann or approximately:Table A.5: Factors for Using the Average Standard Deviation, 5 to Find Control Limits for Subgroup Averages and Subgroup Standard Deviations A BOB Given k subgroups 2659 0 = (3.267 ons cad — - & each with n obiervations 1628 = (2266 with Grand Average, X, and = ‘Average Standard Deviation, 1287 0030 1.970 use these constants 1182 0.118 1.882 109901851815 with the formulas below 1.032 0.239176 0.975 0.284 = «1.716 0.927 0322 1678 0.886 ©0354 1.646 0.850 0382-1619 0817 0407 1.593 0.789 ©0428 «1572 + As Grand Average + Ag times the Average Standard Deviation the Grand Average = Ay 5 = Grand Average + Ay times the Average Standard Deviation Da HH UCL; = B,F = By times the Average Standard Deviation Cent = the Average Standard Deviation LCls = BF ‘= Bs times the Average Standard Deviation And? for n> 15: A= pe 1 - BVT con or approximately: By = 1 2 wie these formulas for Byand Belfer fom those on the preceding page, they ae the same constants. The ference ithe relationship the constants cyaUnderstanding Statistical Process Control Table A.6: Factors for Using the Average Range, R to Find Control Limits for Subgroup Medians and Subgroup Ranges ” As Ds De Given k subgroups SS 2* each with n observations 5 oe ad with Average Median, X z 0509 0.076 1.924 and Average Range, R 9 0412 0.184 1.816 ose these constants, with the formulas below M1 0.350 (0.256 1.744 ucig = ¥+ Average Median + Ag times the Average Range cig = ¥ = the Average Median Lcig = %- AgR = Average Median — Agtimes the Average Range UCLa = DR = Dg times the Average Range Clr = R the Average Range ICL Ds times the Average RangeApéndice 1 Factores para la construccién de las cartas de control Tema 3257 18 | er rr ° 3 1023 0 2578 1889 | ‘ oma ° am ws | 5 osm ° 28 am | ‘ ot ° 2a | foog oats oa i m | i 8 oss 0136 a0 230 i boos oss om vate ao | om oz um am | = rs = = = | = om om um so ! B 02g 0307 160 3 I Don os oz un a | is oz oom vs san De oz re vs am | boon om 17 v2 am 8 0194 0331 1508 3680 i on) ove oa 1s 208 on oven as 136 a7 q 2 01s 04s 1st 3901