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ISSN: 1135-5727
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Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e
Igualdad
Espaa
COLABORACIN ESPECIAL
RESUMEN ABSTRACT
El desarrollo de la genmica funcional en los prximos Nutrigenomics, Obesity
aos condicionar cambios en el conocimiento terico y la
prctica clnica de la nutricin. La posibilidad de determinar el and Public Health
perfil gentico de un individuo (variaciones genticas y modi-
ficaciones epigenticas) y de conseguir la integracin de estos Functional genomics will change knowledge and practice
datos en una compleja red de interacciones metablicas cons- in clinical nutrition in the forthcoming years. The possibility
tituye un desafo sin precedentes en la nutricin humana. La of performing an individuals genetic profile (genetic
aplicacin prctica del conocimiento cientfico puro derivado variations and epigenetic modifications) as well as the ability
de la nutrigenmica, en trminos de prevencin y tratamiento of its integration in a complex network of metabolic
de la obesidad, la DM2 y las enfermedades cardiovasculares, y interactions represents a huge challenge in Human Nutrition.
sus implicaciones en la salud pblica, son en este momento The influence of nutrigenomics in terms of prevention and
todava indeterminadas. La posibilidad de una intervencin treatment of chronic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes
nutricional en periodos crticos del desarrollo y la capacidad and cardiovascular disease in a population level remains
de modificar la susceptibilidad gentica a ciertas enfermeda- undetermined for the moment. The opportunity of nutritional
des a travs de la alimentacin es el gran reto de la nutrigen- intervention in critical stages of development and the chance
mica, ms all del diseo de dietas o alimentos funcionales of changing genetic susceptibility to diseases through diet in a
personalizados. Public Health basis should lead the future of nutrigenomics
beyond the mere design of personalized functional food or
Palabras clave: Genes. Genmica. Epistasia Gentica. diets.
Nutrigenmica. Obesidad. Enfermedad cardiovascular. Salud
pblica. Nutricin. Epigentica. Key words: Genes. Genomics. Epistasis, Genetic.
Obesity. Cardiovascular diseases. Public health. Nutrition.
Epigenetic. Nutrigenomics.
Correspondencia:
Manuela-Beln Silveira Rodrguez
Unidad de Obesidad
Servicio de Endocrinologa y Nutricin
Hospital Universitario de La Princesa
C/ Diego de Len, 62. 28006 Madrid
Correo electrnico: HYPERLINK "mailto:belensilvei-
ra@telefonica.net" belensilveira@telefonica.net
Manuela Beln Silveira Rodrguez et al.
Tabla 1
Poblacin adulta
* Estudio EnKid (IMC > P97 para edad y sexo, tablas de Orbegozo, Hernndez et al).
Estudio DORICA (IMC 30 Kg/m2).
Aranceta et al (IMC 30 Kg/m2).
Gutirrez-Fisac et al (IMC 30 Kg/m2).
Tabla 2
Modificacin aguda de la expresin gnica Interaccin directa PPARs y cidos grasos poliinsaturados
Figura 1
Tetrahidrofolato (THF) Homocistena
metionina sintasa vit. B12
5, 10-metilenTHF 5-metilTHF Metionina
MTHFR
S-adenosil-metionina
reacciones de metilacin
(ADN)
A partir del folato ingerido con la alimentacin, el tetrahidrofolato se comporta como un aceptor/donador de grupos metilo, proceso en el que se encuen-
tra involucrada la enzima clave metilentrahidrofolatoreductasa (MTHFR). Este ciclo se halla imbricado con la sntesis de purinas y pirimidinas (no refle-
jado en el esquema) y con los fenmenos de metilacin del ADN a travs de la acepcin por la homocistena de un grupo metilo donado por el 5-metilTHF,
reaccin catalizada por la metionina sintasa. La variante termolbil de la MTHFR (C677T) presenta una actividad reducida e induce, en condiciones die-
tticas de escasez de folatos, un incremento de los niveles plasmticos de homocistena y un incremento del riesgo cardiovascular.
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