CPEM '88 DIGEST NEW TYPE LVDT POSITION DETECTOR

Y.Kano, S.Hasebe, C.Huang

Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture & Technology
2-24-16, Nakamati, Koganei-shi
Tokyo, Japan

Abstract ing to the displacement of the driving coil.

In the same way, the displacement in left
We describe in this paper two kinds of new direction can be detected by the amplitude of
type position detector which can be attached antiphase positioning signal.
to the linear motor for one or two dimensional
precise positioning. These detectors give the Position Detecting Coil Driving Coil
position signal by the principle of linear
variable differential transformer(LVDT), but
have quite different structure from the usual
/ 4-b ;Exciting c o i l )

type
Manuscripts
Introduction
In many cases, positioning is necessary for
linear motor, especially the linear DC motor
(LDM), and a lot of kinds of positioning
device have been invented in various ways.
With the improvement of technology, LDM needs
more precise, multi-dimensional, quick res-
ponse positioning and so on. For example, for
the movement of a microscope X-Y stage driven
by LDM or to carry out some measurements of
plant with LDM, the precise positioning is Fig.2 Model of the LVDT position detector
required. Considering these requirements, by 2. Two dimensional position detector
the principle of linear variable differential A new type two dimensional LVDT position
transformer (LVDT), two kinds of position detector has also been developed and it can be
detector for one or two dimensional position- constructed in the X-Y LDM as figure 3 . To
ing are developed respectively. Different from detect the displacement in X or Y direction
the usual LVDT position detector like a independently, two driving coils have been
cylinder, the developed new type detectors used as the X exciting coil or Y exciting coil
have a flat shape, and they are so small and
simple that can be constructed in the one or X Driving C o i l
two dimensional LDM easily. Y Driving C o i l (X Exciting C o i l )

??%e dimensional position detector

To describe the way of positioning by the new
type position detector clearly, the structure
of a LDM moving in one dimension is shown in
figure 1. In a general model of flat type LDM,
it only consists of two permanent magnets and Position De
a driving coil. The mover of LDM is driven to Coi 1
move by electromagnetic force without posi-
tioning. If two coils (they may be called the
position detecting coil) are sited around the
magnets and connected in converse series, the
association of these coils will become a
linear variable differential transformer with Fig.3 Structure of the two-dimensional LDM
the driving coil as the primary winding. When with the LVDT position detector
an AC exciting current is input into the
driving coil, voltages can be induced in the X Driving Coil
detecting coil. The differential voltage
between the two detecting coils are used as (X Exciting Coil) Y Driving Coil
the positioning signal and it goes to zero
just at the center coil position as figure 2,
which is defined as the origin of the driving

"1
coil displacement. The differential voltage
will be observed in-phase to the exciting
current, if the driving coil moves in right
direction, and the amplitude of the AC posi-
tioning signal almost changes linearly accord- .-
Position Detecting Coil Driving Coil
.-L
I (Exciting Coil) U

I I >

Fig.1 Structure of the one-dimensional LDM

-
X direction
Fig.4 Model of the new type two-dimensional
Unit: mm

with the new type LVDT position LVDT position detector

detector
95
separately. In X direction positioning, the
induced voltages can be got from four position
detecting coils by the exciting current
through the X driving coil, and the X dis-
placement can be detected by the amplitude of
the in-phase or antiphase differential voltage
of coil N o . 1 , No.4 and coil No.2, No.3. The
differential voltage from coil No.1, No.2 and
coil No.3, No.4 induced by the exciting
current in Y driving coil, shows the Y dis-
placement. Both X and Y direction displacement
are defined to be zero at the center coil
position shown in figure 4.
Simulation
1. An ideal model of the one dimensional LVDT
position detector shown in figure 2 has been
made by considering the currents in every coil
concentrated into their center lines. B y
Neumanns formula, the mutual inductances
among the coils c a n b e calculated in the ideal
model. On the condition that, the position
detecting coils are in open loop and the
exciting current is at a certain value, the
induced voltage in detecting coils can be
considered only in proportion to the mutual
inductance which is depend on the displace-
ment. The result of simulation is shown in
figure 5. In a certain applied range, the
linearity o f positioning signal is shown very
I LVDT position detector
% dimensional position detector has been shown
I independence is only about 0.5%.
Antiphase Signal
I Conclusion
I I , As mentioned above, both the one and the two
-20 -10 0 10 20
D i s p 1 aceme n t (mm)
~
Fig.5 Simulation in one-dimension
2. The ideal model for t w o dimensional
position detector as in figure 4 has also been
made. Both linearity problem of positioning
signal in each direction, and the independence
for each other are very important for multi-
dimensional position detector. By the simula-
tion, it has been shown that the independence
of this two dimensional detector is fine. At a
certain Y displacement, there is almost no
change of Y positioning signal at various X
displacement as shown in figure 6 . This fact
means that the t w o dimensional position
detector can satisfy the request of precise
position within a certain area.
I
Tment Line a t Q-igi?
---_-_
I ,
-8.0 - 6 . 0 - 4 . 0 -2.0 0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
X displacement (mm)
Fig.6 Simulation in two-dimension
(at a certain Y displacement)
Result of Ex eriment
1. The exp- positioning characteris-
tic of the one dimensional position detector
in figure 7 has given a satisfactory result.
By this result, the experimental data are well
in agreement with the simulation, and the
linearity in the LDM stroke range (+15mm) goes
to be only 4%. As the new type LVDT position
detector is composed of the air-core coils, it
is more sensitive than usual type near the
origin of displacement without residual
detecting voltage.
> Exciting Voltage: VP-F=~V I
5 *-Exciting Frequency: 5kHz I ,I--
. I
D I
-3 -10 0 10
Displacement (mm)
Fig.7 Characteristic of the one-dimensional
2. The experimental result about the two
in figure 8. At different Y displacement
(Y=O.Gmm and Y=3.0mm), the positioning signal
vs. X displacement characteristic are almost
superimposed. In the applied area (X=+4mm,
Y=+4mm), the error caused by the problem of
dimensional position detector have a linear
characteristic in a certain range, and of
course these characteristics can be improved
by changing the size of either composed coil.
On the other hand, these position detectors
can be attached to the L D M as a part of it or
just be used as a sensor independently.
Considering the simple structure and low
price, these new type position detectors are
expected to be applied widely for precise
positioning of linear actuator or in other
field.
References
1 1 lY.Kano, S.Hasebe, et all Study Meeting
of IEE, Japan, MAG-87-171 1987
[ 2 1 Y.Kano, S.Hasebe, et all Study Meeting
of IEE, Japan, MAG-87-170, 1987
i7n
:6ot I P
,
-40 -3.0 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 4.0
X displacement (mm)
Fig.8 Characteristic of the two-dimensional
LVDT position detector
96