German University in Cairo

Faculty of Engineering and Materials Science

Civil Engineering Program

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS I
CIS 303
Dr. Ahmed Yousry
GUC 12/09/2017
Content

Introduction

Important Definitions

Types of Structures

Structures Components

Co-planer forces

Force Vectors
Scalars and Vectors
Addition of Forces
Resolution of Forces

Course Content
Introduction
Instructor
Dr. Ahmed Mohamed Yousry
Assistant Professor of Structural Engineering
Room D1-330
Office Hrs: 12:00 - 2:00 pm Sunday and Tuesday

Structural Analysis I
Structural Analysis II, Structural Analysis III
All the design subjects: (Design of Reinforced concrete I, II and II,
special topics in Reinforced Concrete, Design of Steel Structures I, II and
III, Design of Bridges, Geotechnical and design of foundations,.

Lecture Protocol
1. Students should be properly seated in the Hall before start of lecture
2. Mobiles should be set to silent or off mode -- no texting or twittering
3. No food or drinks are allowed
4. Students may be excused from lecture after getting permission
5. Questions about course grades will be addressed after lecture
Important Definitions
Civil Engineering
Civil engineering is the profession in which knowledge of the
mathematical and physical sciences gained by study, experience and
practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize
economically the materials and forces of the nature for the progressive
well-being of man.
(ASCE, American Society of Civil Engineers)

Structural Engineering
Structural engineering is the science and art of designing and making,
with economy and elegance, buildings, bridges, frameworks, and other
structures so that they can safely resist the forces to which they may be
subjected.
(The Structural Engineer, official journal of the British Institute of
Structural Engineers)
Important Definitions
Structure
. A system of connected parts used to support a load

Analysis of Structures
-Strength
-Rigidity

Design of Structures (material -dimensions)

-Safety
-Esthetics
-Serviceability
-Environment
-Economy

Idealization of Structures
-Physical Model
-Mathematical Model
 Important Definitions

Mechanics:
the physical science which describes or predicts the conditions of rest
or motion of bodies under the action of forces.
Statics:
is the branch of Mechanics which deals with the determination of
forces keeping a rigid body in a state of equilibrium

Rigid body:
is the one whose dimensions never change under any applied forces.
(a body is considered rigid when the relative movement between its
parts are negligible.)

In Statics we will assume the bodies to be perfectly rigid, no

deformation.

This is never true in the real world, everything deforms a little when
a load is applied.

These deformations are small and will not significantly affect the
conditions of equilibrium or motion, so we will neglect the
deformations.
 Important Definitions

Force:
A force is any action that changes the state of body from rest to
motion or vice versa.

A force is completely specified by:

1) magnitude in term of chosen unite kilogram (kgf), ton (t), Newton
(N), kilo Newton (kN)

2) point of application

3) direction
Types of Structures (Generally)
 Types of Structures (Generally)

Various components carry different types of loads

The human skeleton is a structure which maintains the shape of

the body, keeps the various organs and muscles in the right place
and transmits loads down to the ground
 Types of Structures (Generally)

Buildings
 Types of Structures (Generally)

Buildings Flyovers Cannel

Dams Bridge over waters

Types of Structures (Generally)

Highways and Tunnels

Types of Structures (Generally)

Off Shore Platform

Types of Structures (Generally)

Bridges
Types of Structures (Generally)

Shell (surface) structures

Types of Structures (Generally)

Space Truss
Types of Structures (Generally)

Space Truss
Types of Structures (Generally)

Space Truss
Types of Structures (Generally)

Space Truss
Types of Structures (Generally)

Space Truss
Structures Components

Columns/ ties
Structures Components

Beams
Structures Components

Trusses
Structures Components

Cables and Arches

Structural Analysis

(Load calculation)
Strength
Rigidity
 Co-planer Forces

Co-linear:

Parallel:

Concurrent:

Couple (Moment):

General:
 Force Victors

Scalars and Vectors

Vectors A mathematical quantity possessing magnitude and direction.

Scalar A mathematical quantity possessing magnitude only.

Name some vectors: forces, velocity, displacement

Name some scalars: Area, volume, mass energy

For 2 vectors to be equal they must have the same:

1)Magnitude P P
2)Direction

They do not need to have the same point of application.

A negative vector of a given vector has same magnitude but opposite direction.
P -P

P and P are equal and opposite P + (-P) = 0

 Force (Vector) Addition

Parallelogram law:
The sum of 2 vectors can be obtained by attaching the 2 vectors to the same
point and constructing a parallelogram .
R
P Q

R=P+Q
R = resultant vector
Note: The magnitude of P + Q is not usually equal to P + Q

Triangle Rule:
The side that close the triangle is the results of the two other sides.
 Force Components

Resolution of a Force into components

A single force (vector) can be represented by 2 or more forces (vectors). These
forces (vectors) are components of the original force (vector). Finding these is
called resolving the force (vector) into its components.

There is an infinite number of ways to resolve one vector.

2 cases of particular interest are:
1) One of the 2 components is known.
2) The line of action of both components is know.
 Force Components

When would #2 happen? When you are given a coordinate system!

Ex: What are the x and y components of P if P = 1000 kN, = 30o

Px = P cos 30o = 866 kN Py = P sin 30o = 500 kN

Note: Given Px and Py what is P?

P2 = Px2 + Py2= 8662 + 5002 then P= 1000 kN
= tan-1 (Py/Px) =30o
 Force Victors
Ex:
Given: The fixed structure shown below.
P = 500 kN
T = 200 kN

Find: Combine P and T into a single force R (both graphically and analytically).
Solution:
a) Graphical solution
500

R 200
 Force Victors

Ex: continued
b) Analytical solution 500 kN

200 kN
 Force Victors

Ex: continued
b) Analytical solution 500 kN

200 kN
Course Conent

El-Dakhakhni (2010), Theory of Structures, Part 1, Dar El-Maaref

 Assesment

Final Exam 50%

Mid-Exam 25%
Assignments 10%
Quizzes (best 2 out of 3) 15%