A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TO AUTOMOTIVE

MODERN COATING TECHNOLOGY

REFINISH COATINGS
 A Sustainable Approach to
Modern Coating Technology

Patcham FZC is a well-established manufacturer of specialty additives headquartered in the

United Arab Emirates. Since its inception, Patcham has steadily grown into a leading supplier
of specialty additives for the Paint & Coatings, Ink, PVC and Composite industries.

The companys Pat-Add range of coating additives includes wetting & dispersing agents,
defoamers, slip & leveling agents, rheology modifiers. Whilst keeping focus on environmental
sustainability, the company produces products using green raw materials that are APEO free
and have low or no VOC.

These products are multi functional and multi compatible, which simplifies the production
process, reduces the chance of errors and minimizes inventory thus improving cost effective-
ness.

Patcham has built a strong manufacturing and R&D infrastructure that enables the rapid
transition from concept to products. The company has strategically located technical service
laboratories, offices and representatives around the world to provide the most efficient
customer service. In addition, a well-developed robust supply chain network enables it to
deliver its products and services to customers around the globe with minimal lead-time.

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 Contents
Introduction 1

Common issues and solutions for auto refinish systems 2

Performance of Pat-Add DA 1666 in auto refinish primers 3

Auto refinished base coats 6

High Molar Volume technology for resin minimal pigment

concentrates (Tinters) 7

Impact of HMV technology on pigment grinding 8

Multi Compatibility of HMV Technology 10

Ultra Charge Technology for superior performance 13

Pat-Add DA 1666 for effect pigment concentrates (Tinters) 14

Multi functional leveling additives for auto refinish systems 15

Pigment top coat / Clear coat system 19

Patcham's defoamer for auto refinish top coats and clear coats 20

Auto refinish system with Pat-Add additives 21

Body fillers and Putties 22

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 Introduction

The automotive refinish segment has been a key growing sector in the automotive paint
industry for more than two decades. Paints and coatings developed for the automotive
industry are also the most demanding in terms of quality and aesthetic value desired by the
end use customers. The high expectations and demands of the end user drives the car
manufacturers and body shop owners to maintain a uniformly high quality, so as to avoid
any paint defects that would eventually add cost through rework.

Patcham additives provide the tools to meet the requirements of automotive industries in
terms of paint quality and productivity. Patcham has a full range of additives that address
all the stringent needs of refinish industries.

Figure 1: Sequence of coating process in auto-refinish systems

Paint and resin systems in auto refinish industry.

Table 1: Auto refinish product portfolio and resin system

Refinish products Resin systems

Polyester putty, Body filler Unsaturated polyester

Epoxy primer Epoxy

2K PU primer surfacer Acrylic polyol

1K Primer surfacer Thermoplastic acrylic

Polyester : Cellulose acetate
1K Basecoat
butyrate : Melamine formaldehyde

Solid pigment concentrates Polyester, Universal grinding resins

Effect pigment concentrates Polyester polyol, Acrylic polyol

Clear coat Acrylic polyol

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 Common issues and solutions for auto refinish systems

Table 2: Paint systems, issues and Pat-Add solutions

Patcham Dossage on total

Coats Common issues additives Advantages paint formulation (%)

Multipurpose additive for dispersing,

Pat-Add 0.5 - 1.0
2K epoxy primer anti settling, deflocculating additive
DA 1666 Millbase/Letdown
and long term stability.
Substrate wetting,
craters, cissing,
Reduces surface tension, improves
drying, settling, 0.1 - 0.5
Pat-Add substrate wetting, leveling, eliminates
medium separation, Letdown stage
LE 1020 surface defects like craters, cissing,
2K PU primer floatation, viscosity
and dewetting.
surfacer pick up, gelation
Pat-Add Improved flow, leveling, gloss and no 0.1 - 0.5
FL 7 intercoat adhesion issues. Letdown stage

On SOP *(Grinding stage)

White pigment : 1-5
Pigment loading, Low structured carbon black:
colour development, Pat-Add Patcham's High Molar Volume
technology can efficiently disperse and 30 to 50
Solid pigment transparency, long DA 932; High structured carbon black :
concentrates stabilize all kind of carbon blacks,
term stability, settling, Pat-Add 50 to 120
organic pigments and inorganic
medium separation DA 3204 Inorganic pigments : 10-20
pigments. Organic Blue /Green : 40-60
etc.,
Organic Red/Violet/Yellow :
30-70

Pigment loading, On SOP *

Effect pigment Pat-Add Dispersing and anti settling property 2.0 - 5.0
concentrates anti settling, DA 1666 for effect pigment concentrates.
long term stability (Wetting/soaking stage)

Pat-Add
Improves wetting over primer, avoid 0.1 - 0.3
Base coat binder Separation, dewetting, LE 1010,
surface defects. Improves orientation Letdown stage
flocculation, floatation Pat-Add of effect pigments
LE 1020

Pat-Add Better compatibility gives best DOI, 0.1 - 0.5

LE 1020 good gloss, improves wetting,
levelling, eliminates surface defects.
Pat-Add No negative impact on intercoat or 0.05- 0.2
LE 1019 recoat adhesion. Letdown stage

Dewetting, orange
peel, popping, surface Pat-Add Fluoro modified leveling agent, most 0.1 - 0.3
2K PU Clear coat defects like craters, LE 1477 efficient surface tension reducer
Letdown stage

sagging etc.
Pat-Add Improved flow, leveling, gloss, 0.1 - 0.5
FL 7 maintain good good adhesion and Letdown stage
does not affect intercoat adhesion
Pat-Add Polymeric defoamer for low pigment or 0.05 - 0.3
non pigmented systems. Maintains good Letdown stage
AF 62
intercoat adhesion
* SOP : Solid of additive on pigment

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 Performance of Pat-Add DA 1666 in auto refinish primers

Primer surfacers provide adhesion to subsequent coats and protect the substrate, along with
filling of the dents or smoothening an uneven surface. The formulations for surface primer are
based on various types of pigments, fillers and extenders. Higher extender loadings help
formulators to get good corrosion resistance and improved sanding properties that are
desired for good quality and faster repair. It also helps to reduce the formulation cost and
operating cost. If these extenders are not sufficiently wetted and dispersed, they
re-agglomerate and settle over a period of time leading to hard settling.

Wetting and
Compatibilizer
dispersing
Acrylic Epoxy
resin

Other
Alkyd combinations
Anti-sagging of resins Anti-settling
agent agent

Figure 2: Multi-functionality and multi-compatibility of Pat-Add DA 1666

Pat-Add DA 1666 is a multi-functional and multi-compatible additive that helps in :

Dispersing heavy pigments like oxides and extenders such as barytes and zinc
phosphate with anti-settling and anti-sagging properties.
Achieving good compatibility in PU, Epoxy, TPA and other combination resins
used in automotive coatings.
Formulating general industrial top coats and primers

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 Performance of Pat-Add DA 1666 in auto refinish primers

Table 3: Formulation of Epoxy zinc phosphate primer Table 4: Formulation of 2K PU primer surfacer

Raw materials Weight (%) Raw materials Weight (%)

Part A Part A
Epoxy resin 33.00 Acrylic polyol 24.00
Pat-Add DA 1666 0.50 Butyl acetate 5.00
Organo clay thickener 0.50 Organo clay thickener 0.30
Titanium dioxide 8.00 Pat-Add DA 1666 0.70
Zinc phosphate 8.00 Zinc phosphate 3.00
Barytes 12.00 China clay 16.50
Talc 16.50 Barytes 22.00
Solvent C9 13.50 Titanium dioxide 15.00
Butyl Cellosolve 8.00 Epoxy resin 0.50
Total 100.00 1% Patcat 3001 (DBTDL) 1.00
Part B Butyl acetate 5.00
Polyamide hardener 10.00 Xylene 7.00
Total 100.00
Part B
Polyisocyanate hardener 10.00

Advantages of Pat-Add DA 1666

Anti settling- Pat-Add DA 1666 gives

better anti settling in high pigmented
primers even after 1 week oven stability
@ 50c and 3 months stability at room
temperature. Refer Figure 3.

Pat-Add DA 1666 Reference

Figure 3: After 3 months stability at room stabiity

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 Performance of Pat-Add DA 1666 in auto refinish primers

WFT in
Reference Pat-Add DA 1666
microns
75 m
100 m
125 m
150 m
175 m
200 m
225 m
250 m
275 m
300 m

Sagging limit
Sagging limit

Figure 4: Representation of better anti-sagging property in

2K PU primer with Pat-Add DA 1666

Anti sagging - Pat-Add DA 1666 also gives better anti sagging in Epoxy, PU, Alkyd and
other solventborne paints and applications. See Figure 4

Multi compatible - Pigment affinic groups for the various types of pigments present in
co-grinding systems prevents agglomeration and subsequently lowers the risk of pigment
floatation. Post addition of DA 1666 can also solve flocculation issues in co-grinding
systems. See Figure 5

Floatation issue Pat-Add DA 1666

Figure 5: Pat-Add DA 1666 solves

flocculation issues in co-grinding systems

Multifunctional and multi-compatible - Ease of mixing with solventborne epoxy, PU and

alkyd facilitates anti-sagging, anti-settling and no medium separation after long term
storage stability of paints. Pigment affinic groups allow easy anchoring to the pigment
surface and form a strong association thereby supporting anti-corrosion property of the final
paint. This is shown in Figure 6.
Adhesion test Flexibility test
1MM X 1MM Conical mandrel

Reference Pat-Add DA 1666

Figure 6: Salt spray (400 hrs) results of Figure 7: Pat-Add DA 1666 adhesion and
primer made with Pat-Add DA 1666 vs reference flexibility test results

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 Auto refinished base coats

Auto refinish basecoat colour formulations are provided in a database developed by the paint
manufacturing companies for the automotive refinish market. Base coat for auto refinish is
commonly divided into three categories:

Solid base coat

Metallic base coat
Pearlescent base coat

The desired shade or colour is prepared in body shops on the spot by mixing base coat
binder and pigment concentrates (also called as tinters) as per the color formulation. All the
colorants, binders and primers are stored on tinting racks, as shown Figure 8.

The pigment concentrates are available in two types:

Solid pigments - for solid basecoats

Effect pigments - for metallic for pearlescent basecoats

Auto Refinish Tinting rack

Figure 8: Tinting rack for auto refinish coatings

Solid pigment concentrates Effect pigment concentrate

Figure 9: Types of pigment concentrates

The basecoat provides color effects to the refinish system which is aided by an efficient
dispersing and leveling agent that delivers the color and aesthetic appeal which attract
customers.
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 High Molar Volume technology for resin minimal pigment
concentrates (Tinters)

Patcham offers a range of additives for formulating solventborne solid and effect
pigment concentrates.
Pat-Add DA 932 High Molar Volume technology

Patchams innovative High Molar Volume technology is a specially designed polymer with a
higher volume per mass as compared to conventional high molecular weight dispersing
agents. Its higher volume results in a thicker adsorbed layer around the pigments which
increases resistance to attractive forces and hence leads to more stable pigment dispersions.
Multiple anchoring groups and multi compatible polymeric chains make it most suitable for
high structured carbon black, organic pigments and various resin systems.
Key features of High Molar Volume technology:
Dense network of anchoring groups provide best wetting of pigments
Contributes to optimum mill base viscosity and reduced milling time
High jetness and blue under tone
Provides excellent long term stability of pigment dispersions
Superior gloss and transparency

Table 5: Guide formulation for resin minimal pigment concentrates based on Pat-Add DA 932

Special
Raw materials black4 PW 6 PY 42 PB 15:3

Laropal A-81 solution 25.00 20.00 20.00 36.00

Pat-Add DA 932 18.00 3.50 8.20 15.50

Pigment 20.00 65.00 54.00 19.00

Fumed silica - 0.20 0.80 -

MPA/Xylene 15.00 6.00 10.00 11.00

Letdown
Laropal A-81 solution 9.00 - 3.00 10.00

MPA/Xylene 13.00 5.30 4.00 8.50

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Special Black 4 PB 15:3 FW 200 PY 74 PW 6 PR 101

Figure 10: Consistency of the pigment concentrates after 3 months stability at room temperature
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 Impact of HMV technology on pigment grinding

Current challenges in pigment grinding

Pigment loading - Making pigment concentrates with higher pigment loading and to get maximum
performance in terms of colour development

Operating cost - Higher energy consumption and operating cost for grinding of pigments like high
channel carbon blacks and organic pigments

Inventory hurdles - Multiple dispersing agents for carbon black, organic and inorganic pigments,
multiple set of colorants for multiple resin systems

Stability Hard settling, viscosity pick up, poor compatibility, flow and color development

Advantages of HMV technology in pigment grinding

Substantial energy and efforts are put in paint grinding process. This in turn has led to
evolving better and efficient grinding machines and process technology to a certain extent.
PATCHAM's HMV technology dispersing additives have proved to be helpful to save time,
energy and cost for the customer.

Save time
Faster wetting mechanism for pigments with different morphologies
Optimum mill base viscosity enables higher pigment loading

Save energy
Optimum mill base viscosity gives desired shear and flow properties

Less efforts for ginding reduces energy consumption

Save $$$$
Reduced inventory, ease of processing and reduction in energy
consumption contributes to lesser operating cost and increased
profit.

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 Impact of HMV technology on pigment grinding

Direct grinding of FW 200 carbon black
optimum millbase viscosity and reduces grinding with Pat-Add DA 932 provides time

350 Pat-Add DA 932 Reference 25 Pat-Add DA 932 Reference

300
Viscosity in cP

20
250

FOG, m
200 15
150
10
100
50 5
0
0
Initial 30min 60min 90min 120min 180min 30min 60min 90min 120min 180min

Figure 11: Viscosity of paint vs grinding time Figure 12: Fineness of paint vs grinding time

Influence of HMV technology on jetness and blue under tone

Mc values of samples in various grinding time dM values of samples in various grinding time
290
5
285 4
3
280
2
Mc values

dM values

1
275
0

270 -1
-2
265 -3
-4
260
Initial

After

Initial

After

Initial

After

Initial

After

Initial

After
After

After

After

After

After
Initial

Initial

Initial

Initial

Initial

30 min 60 min 90 min 120 min 180 min 30 min 60 min 90 min 120 min 180 min
Pat-Add DA 932 Reference Pat-Add DA 932 Reference
NB: Higher Mc values indicates higher jetness NB: Positive dM values indicates bluer undertone

Figure 13: Higher jetness and bluer undertone with Pat-Add DA 932 vs reference in direct grinding formulations

Mass tone of 2K PU black vs reference in various grinding times

30 min 1 hour 90 min 120 min 180 min

DA DA DA DA DA
Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
932 932 932 932 932

Figure 14: Influence on jetness with time for Pat-Add DA 932 vs reference sample in direct grinding formulations

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 Multi Compatibility of HMV Technology

Table 8: Direct grinding of FW 200 carbon black in thermoplastic resin (TPA) with and without CAB

Raw materials Pat-Add DA 932 Ref-1 Ref-2 Ref-3

Mill base With W/O With W/O With W/O With W/O
CAB CAB CAB CAB CAB CAB CAB CAB

Thermoplastic resin (TPA) 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00
Organic clay 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Dispersant 1.80 1.80 2.82 2.82 1.83 1.83 1.62 1.62
Pigment FW 200 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
TPA solvent (XYL/MEK/EA) 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00

Letdown
Thermoplastic resin (TPA) 30.30 30.30 30.30 30.30 30.30 30.30 30.30 30.30
Pat-Add LE 1020 0.20 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.20 0.00
CAB 381-0.5
5.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 5.00 0.00
(25% Sol in BA)
TPA solvent (XYL/MEK/EA) 15.20 20.20 14.18 19.18 15.17 20.17 15.38 20.38

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Color development of FW 200 black in TPA with CAB

2.5

2
CIE lab values

1.5

0.5

0
Pat-Add DA 932 Ref - 1 Ref - 2 Ref - 3
L* b*

Gloss of direct grinding of FW 200 black in TPA with CAB

80
70
60
50
Gloss value

40
30
20
10
0
Pat-Add DA 932 Ref - 1 Ref - 2 Ref - 3

20 60

Figure 15: Color development and gloss of FW 200
black dispersion in TPA with/without CAB

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 Multi compatibility of HMV technology

Results of direct grinding of FW 200 in 2K PU system

Table 9: Direct grinding of FW 200 in 2K PU system

Pat-Add
Raw materials Ref-1 Ref-2 Ref-3
DA 932
Acrylic polyol 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00
Organic clay 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
Dispersant 1.80 2.83 1.84 2.12
Pigment FW 200

2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
PU solvent 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
Letdown
Acrylic polyol 49.23 49.23 49.23 49.23
Pat-Add LE 1020 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Patcat 3001 (1% Sol) 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
PU solvent 15.07 14.04 15.03 14.75
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Table 10: Direct grinding of PB 15:3 in 2K PU system

Raw materials Pat-Add

DA 932 Ref-1 Ref-2 Ref-3

Acrylic polyol 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00

Dispersant 2.87 4.50 2.93 3.37
PB 15:3 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50
PU solvent 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
Letdown
Acrylic polyol 57.23 57.23 57.23 57.23
Pat-Add LE 1020 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
Patcat 3001 (1% Sol) 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
PU solvent 12.90 11.27 12.84 12.40
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Color and transparency of PB 15:3 in 2K PU L* and b* value of pigment FW 200 in 2K PU
1.5
25

20 1

15
0.5
10
0
5

0 -0.5
Pat-Add DA 932 Ref - 1 Ref - 2 Ref - 3
Pat-Add DA 932 Ref - 1 Ref - 2 Ref - 3
b* Transparency L* b*

Figure 16: Color and transperancy of PB 15:3 in 2K PU Figure 17: Color development of FW 200 black
dispersion in 2K PU
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 Multi compatibility of HMV technology

Performance in organic pigments formulations

Table 11: Resin minimal pigment concentrate formulations

Raw materials RMPC Black FW 200 RMPC Blue PB 15:3
DA 932 Ref 1 Ref 2 Ref 3 DA 932 Ref 1 Ref 2 Ref 3

Laropal A-81 solution 27.00 27.00 27.00 27.00 36.37 36.37 36.37 36.37
Pat-Add DA 2650 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Dispersant 15.50 24.28 15.83 14.00 15.40 24.00 15.70 13.90
Pigment 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00
Aerosil - - - - - - - -
MPA/Xylene 20.35 20.35 20.35 20.35 10.74 10.74 10.74 10.74
Laropal A-81 solution 6.30 6.30 6.30 6.30 9.39 9.39 9.39 9.39
MPA/Xylene 20.35 11.57 20.02 21.85 8.60 0.00 8.30 10.10
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

L* value of FW 200 b* value of FW 200

1.8 0.8
1.6 0.7
0.6
1.4
0.5
* 1.2 0.4
1 0.3
L values

b values

0.8 0.2
*
0.1
0.6
0
0.4
-0.1
0.2 -0.2
0 -0.3
Acrylic polyol Epoxy TPA Acrylic polyol Epoxy TPA

Pat-Add DA 932 Ref - 1 Ref - 2 Ref - 3 Pat-Add DA 932 Ref - 1 Ref - 2 Ref - 3

Figure 18: Color development in acrylic, Figure 19: Bluer undertone of FW 200 RMPC
epoxy and TPA resin system letdown in acrylic, epoxy and TPA

Transparency of RMPC blue PB 15:3

35

30

25

20
Transperancy, E

15

10

0
Acrylic polyol Epoxy TPA

Pat-Add DA 932 Ref - 1 Ref - 2 Ref - 3

Figure 20: Transparency of PB 15:3 RMPC let down in acrylic, epoxy and TPA resin

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 Ultra Charge Technology for superior performance

Pat-Add DA 3204 Ultra Charge technology

Advanced version of High Molar Volume technology. i.e. Ultra Charge Technology (UCT) for
developing high performance resin free or resin minimal pigment concentrates used in high
end or premium quality automotive OEM and refinish coatings, where superior jetness and
transparency is required.

Key features of Ultra Charge High Molar Volume technology:

Multiple poles of charges provide good adhesion of anchoring groups on the pigment surface
Strong anchoring to pigments with various geometry and porosity like organic, inorganic and
difficult to grind carbon blacks
Minimal risk of desorption: Chances of desorption under adverse conditions only, such as strong
diluted dispersions, strong solvents, inert pigments

Performance of Pat-Add DA 3204 in High structured carbon blacks

Pat-Add DA 3204 Reference A

309
304
301
290

277
270

Raven 5000 Monarch 1300 FW200

Figure 21: Jetness improvement in popular high structue carbon blacks in 2K PU direct grind system

Performance of Pat-Add DA 3204 in difficult to grind organic red and violet

Reduce risk of desorption and losing protection under adverse conditions, such as strong-diluted
dispersions, strong solvents, inert pigments

PR 122 PV 23
Pat - Add DA 3204 Reference Pat - Add DA 3204 Reference

Figure 22: Transparency of organic red and violet pigments in 2K PU direct grind system

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 Pat-Add DA 1666 for effect pigment concentrates (Tinters)

Pat-Add for effect pigment concentrates

Pat-Add DA 1666 plays an important role in the preparation of effect pigment concentrates.
It acts as wetting, dispersing, stabilizing and anti-settling agent. These characteristics help to
impart excellent long term stability to the effect pigments. Pat-Add DA 1666 is unique in
being able to stabilize different types of pigments and extenders, with excellent anti-settling,
anti-sagging properties. It also acts as a compatibilizer to resolve floatation and flocculation
issues. Owing to the multi functional properties of Pat-Add DA 1666 the additive can replace
several conventional additives in the formulation and help reduce inventory with potential cost
saving.

Pat-Add DA 1666 for effect pigment concentrate

Guide formulations

Basecoat clear binder

Raw materials Weight (%)
CAB 381.20 solution in BA (20%) 50.00
Polyamide wax solution (10%) 10.00
Polyester polyol 10.00
Melamine formaldehyde 1.50
Plasticizer 1.50
Pat-Add LE 1020 0.20
Xylene 19.80
Butyl acetate 7.00
Total 100.00

Table 6: Pearl pigment concentrate Table 7: Colour formulation

Pearlescent pigment concentrate Pearlescent pigment concentrate

Raw materials Weight (%) Raw materials Weight (%)
Polyester polyol 50.20 Base coat binder 88.81
Pearlescent effect pigment 28.00 Pearlescent pigment concentrate 2.31
Pat-Add DA 1666 0.80 Resin minimal pigment concentrate 8.88
based on Pat-Add DA 932
Organo clay thickner (5%) 17.00
Total 100.00
Xylene 4.00
Total 100.00

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 Multi functional leveling additives for auto refinish systems

Multi compatible

Most effective surface tension reduction

Improved substrate wetting

Leveling and wet look

Best anti-cratering and eliminates surface defects

Improved slip properties

Improved orientation of effect pigments

No adverse impact on intercoat, recoat adhesion

Minimal foam stabilization

Figure 23: Advantages of Patcham surface modifiers

Best compatibility
Compatibility in acrylic resin
Compatibility in epoxy resin

Pat-Add LE 1019 Reference Pat-Add LE 1019 Reference

Figure 24: Compatibility in epoxy and PU resin (0.3% additive in resin)

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 Multi functional leveling additives for auto refinish systems

Surface tension reduction with Pat-Add surface modifiers

Pat-Add surface modifiers efficiently reduce the surface tension of the coating to achieve
excellent and smooth surfaces. The surface tension of the liquid paint with Pat-Add LEs are
measured and recorded in Table. Water contact angle on the paint film shows higher
contact angle for Pat-Add LEs than the reference samples. This implies that Patcham
surface modifiers efficiently reduce the surface tension and hence the surface energy of the
coatings. Higher value of water contact angle provides more water repellency and high
performance to the coatings.

50 Pat-Add LE 1020 Reference

Surface tension (mN/m) 0.3% surface modier in butyl acetate
40
mN/m

30
20
10
Blank 0.3% Pat- 0.3% Pat- 0.3% Pat- 0.3% Pat- 0.3% Pat-
Add LE 1010 Add LE 1020 Add LE 1019 Add LE 1477 Add FL7

Figure 25: Surface tension (mN/m) of 0.3% surface Figure 26: Water contact angle of paint film made with
modifier in butyl acetate Polysiloxane leveling agent

Pat -Add LE 1477 Reference Pat-Add FL 7 Reference

Figure 27: Water contact angle of paint film made Figure 28: Water contact angle of paint film made with
with Fluoro modified leveling agent Polymeric leveling agent

Improved flow, leveling and gloss

Pat-Add LE 1020 allows for surface tension reduction, improved substrate wetting and
compatibility with different resins and helps with good flow, leveling, DOI and gloss of a
coating.

Figure 29: Excellent gloss and DOI with Pat-Add leveling agents

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 Multi functional leveling additives for auto refinish systems

Improved orientation of effect pigments

The influence of Pat-Add leveling additives on the orientation of effect pigment is best
explained by observing the surface tension changes in the drying of the film upon adding
the leveling agent. If the leveling agent is not present there is a surface tension difference
between the top & bottom layers of the coating film upon solvent evaporation, causing
pigments & matting agent to be swirled around, leading to Benard Cell formation. Reducing
the surface tension of the paint film to a point, such that the difference between the
uppermost & the innermost layers of the coating film is not too drastic, results in a more
uniform surface tension across the film and hence a more uniform layered effect pigment
with less defects like mottling, spiking etc.
Pat-Add LE 1020 Reference

Figure 30: Pat-Add LE 1020 influence on orientation of effect pigments

(pour out test for base coat on transparent PVC sheets)

2K PU clear with
2K PU clear without 0.3% Pat-Add LE 1019
Effect pigments
additvie Pat-Add SL - 1120

Copper
pigments

Aluminium
pigments

Matting
agents

Figure 31: Pat-Add LE 1019, SL 1120 influence on orientation of various effect pigments

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 Multi functional leveling additives for auto refinish systems

No negative impact of polysiloxane based leveling agents on

intercoat / recoat adhesion

System of application:
Substrate - Polypropylene
1K Conductive primer with Pat-Add DA 932
Base coat with Pat-Add LE 1020
Clear coat with Pat-Add LE 1020
2 x 2 Adhesion of silver base coat +
2K PU clear system

Figure 31: Intercoat adhesion of metallic base coat

No negative impact of fluoro modified leveling agents on

intercoat / recoat adhesion
Pat-Add LE 1477 Reference
Sanded Sanded
0.2% 0.5% 1% 0.2% 0.5% 1%

Passes Passes Passes Passes Passes Inferior

Non sanded Non sanded

Passes Passes Passes Passes Inferior Passes

Figure 32 : Intercoat adhesion of 2K PU Top coat system

Improved slip properties with Pat-Add SL 1120

Coefficient of friction
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.22
Pat-Add SL 1120 Reference

Figure 33: Superior slip performance of Pat-Add SL 1120

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 Pigment top coat / Clear coat system

Patcham's LE series are a set of multi functional additives, with the following features:

Substrate wetting, wetting of base over primer and clear coat over base coat
Flow and leveling and enhanced the wet look
Eliminate surface defects like craters, cissing, orange peel etc.
Provide excellent slip and mar resistance
No adverse effects such as intercoat or recoat adhesion
Good polishability

Some of the best performing surface modifiers with the above characteristics for
Auto refinish top coats and clear coats are:

Pat-Add LE 1020 - Solvent based surface modifier for effective surface tension
reduction, improved substrate wetting and leveling along with slip properties

Pat-Add LE 1019 - Unique solvent free surface modifier suitable for solventborne,
solvent free and waterborne formulations and provides dynamic surface tension
reduction at very low dosage.

Pat-Add LE 1070 - Polymeric, silicon free leveling agent improving flow and
leveling without any side effects. Helps to reduce short waves in clear and
pigmented top coats. Gives best results when combined with other polysiloxane
based leveling additives

Pat-Add FL 7 - Polymeric, silicon free polymeric leveling agent for best balance of
flow, leveling and sag without any side effects on intercoat adhesion

Pat-Add SL 1120 - Gives superior slip performance and improves mar resistance

Pat-Add LE 1477 - Fluoro modified polyacrylate polymer, most efficient surface

tension reducer, effective anti cratering additive suitable for plastic coatings and
automotive coatings as well. It gives superior performance in surface tension
reduction, anti cratering, leveling and wet look It has no adverse impact on
intercoat/recoat adhesion of the paint film.

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 Patcham's defoamer for auto refinish top coats and clear coats

Pat-Add AF 62 is a silicone free defoamer with fast defoaming properties. It supports level-
ing additives in avoiding film defects by destroying the foam generated in mixing, filling at
the manufacturer's end. It helps to eliminate errors during the filling in terms of erroneous
volumes. It also destroys the foam generated during atomization of paint during spraying
and also it supports faster deaeration of foam from the wet film.
Table 12: 2K PU clar coat formulation

2K PU clear coat
Raw materials Quantity (%)
Part A
Actual appearance after spray Adhesion test Flexibility test cone manorel

Acrylic polyol 60.00

Pat-Add LE 1019 0.10
Pat-Add LE 1070 0.40
Hindered amine light stabilizers 0.20
UV absorber 0.40
1% Patcat 3001 (DBTDL) 2.00
Pat-Add AF 62 0.05 Figure 34 : Ease of incorporation with no adverse
impact in final film properties
PU solvent (BA : Xylene: MPA) (1:1:1) 36.85
Total 100.00
Part B
Aliphatic polyisocyanate 28.00

No adverse effect on gloss and clarity

Ladderized study in 2K PU clear

90 88 88
87 87
88
Gloss @ 20 Deg

86
84
82
82
80
78
Blank 0.025 0.05 0.1 0.4

Dosage of Pat-ADD AF 62 in 2K PU clear (%)

Figure 35: Ladderized study of defoamer in 2K PU clear

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 Auto refinish system with Pat-Add additives

Substrate:- Plastic (ABS)

Cleaned and wiped with IPA

Coat -1 Primer surfacer -- Air drying for 2 hrs

Coat -2 Blue base coat -- Flash off 10 min
Coat -3 2K PU clear coat -- Air drying overnight

Primed with primer surfacer

2K PU clear coat with

Pat-Add LE 1020 and
1K base coat blue with Pat-Add AF 62
Pat-Add DA 1666 and
Pat-Add LE 1020

Figure 36: Demo car painted with auto refinish system

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 Body fillers and Putties

Repairing dents with Body fillers and Putties

Pat-Add DA 816, Pat-Add DA 1666 work as good wetting agents for such formulations.
Pat-Add Rheol 253 gives the required rheology to the putty so that upon mixing with
hardener and during application on a vertical substrate, unwanted side effects such as
dripping and sagging can be avoided.
For severe dents body filler is applied to fill the dent to make the surface even flat and ready
for putty application. After the body filler application is complete, the putty is applied over it
to seal and level the dent.
Once the putty is dry and sanded, normal surfacer and base coat clear coat can be followed
as per the desired colour.

Figure 37 : Putty application and sanding

Table 13: Guide formulation body filler and putty

Raw materials Body filler Putty

Unsaturated polyester resin 32.00 39.00
Organo clay 0.00 0.50
Styrene monomer 3.70 2.70
Fumed silica 0.30 0.30
Pat-Add DA 1666 0.50 0.50
Titanium dioxide 3.00 3.00
Micronised talc 25.00 30.00
Calcium magnesium carbonate 0.00 15.00
Calcium carbonate 240 mesh 24.00 8.50
Barium sulfate 7.00 0.00
Microspheres 4.00 0.00
Pat-Add Rheol 253 0.50 0.50
Total 100.00 100.00

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 Notes

www.patchamltd.com
 Notes

www.patchamltd.com
 www.patchamltd.com

PATCHAM (FZC) PATCHAM INDIA

P.O. Box: 7753, B-52, Pravasi Industrial Estate

Saif Zone, Sharjah, UAE Vishweshwar Nagar, Off Aarey Road
Tel: +971-6-5570035 Goregoan (E), Mumbai - 400 063 (India)
Fax: +971-6-5570038 Tel: +91-22-29272471
Email: patcham@emirates.net.ae Email: india@patchamltd.com

PATCHAM EUROPE BV PATCHAM USA LLC

Klavermaten 65-1 10 Commerce Road

7472 DD Goor Fairfield, New Jersey 07004
Netherlands Tel: (201) 293-4282
Email: eu@patchamltd.com Fax: (201) 820-0818
Email: info@patchamusa.com

w w w . p a t c h aThe
m l t information
d.com given in this booklet is intended for technical guidance without obligation. Ver. 1.0
17