MILITARY COLLEGE OF SIGNALS

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

Department of Electrical Engineering (Islamabad Campus)

WAVE PROPAGATION AND ANTENNAS

Antenna and Radio Wave Propagation

LAB # 4
Monopole & Dipole Antennas

Lab Engr Amara Umar

Lab Instructor: Bilal Tariq Malik

Course Instructor: Muhammad Zubair

Antenna and Radio Wave Propagation Fall 2011

Monopole & Dipole Antennas

OBJECTIVE
This Lab is intended to show you how to Create, Simulate, and Analyze a Monopole and
Dipole Antennas shown in Fig (1), using the Ansoft HFSS.

Fig (1): Dipole Antenna.

NOTE: To obtain the Results of Dipole antenna we would not define infinite ground
plane for antenna shown in Figure (1), while we can use the same antenna shown in
Figure (1) to obtain the Results of Monopole antenna by defining infinite ground plane.

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Lab-3. Monopole & Dipole Antennas
Antenna and Radio Wave Propagation Fall 2011

Dipole Antenna:

A Dipole antenna is a radio antenna that can be made of a simple wire, with a center-
fed driven element. It consists of two metal conductors of rod or wire, oriented parallel
and collinear with each other (in line with each other), with a small space between
them. The radio frequency voltage is applied to the antenna at the center, between the
two conductors as shown in Fig: (1).

Design at f = 800MHz

1. Create Geometry of Dipole Antenna

Set Units
Select the units mm.

Set Material
Select the material as Copper.

Draw a Cylinder with

Name: Pole1
Cylinder position Radius Height
X: 0.0 dX: 6.0 dX: 0.0
Y: 0.0 dY: 0.0 dY: 0.0
Z: 6.0 dZ: 0.0 dZ: 75.0

Draw a Cylinder with

Name: Pole2
Cylinder position Radius Height
X: 0.0 dX: 6.0 dX: 0.0
Y: 0.0 dY: 0.0 dY: 0.0
Z: -6.0 dZ: 0.0 dZ: -75.0

To fit the view:

Select the menu item View > Fit All > Active View

Select the both cylinders (Pole1 & Pole 2)

Assign Perf E Boundary conditions by
Select the menu item HFSS > Boundaries > Assign > Perf -E.
Click the OK button

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Antenna and Radio Wave Propagation Fall 2011

2. Create Lumped Port Excitation

To set the Grid Plane:
Select the menu item Modeler > Grid Plane > YZ

Draw a rectangle with

Name: Lumped Port

Rectangle position Opposite Corner

X: 0 dX: 0
Y: -6.0 dY: 12.0
Z: -6.0 dZ: 12.0

Fig (2): Lumped Port Excitation

3. Create Air

To set the default material:

Using the 3D Modeler Materials toolbar, choose vacuum.

Draw a box with

Name: Air
Box position Opposite Corner
X: -100 dX: 200
Y: -100 dY: 200
Z: -200 dZ: 400

Fig (3): Air

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Antenna and Radio Wave Propagation Fall 2011

4. Create Radiation Boundary

a) To create a face list.
Select the menu item Edit > Select > By Name.
Select Object Dialog,
o Select the objects named: Air
o Click the OK button.
Select the menu item HFSS > Boundaries > Assign > Radiation.
Radiation Boundary window
o Name: Rad1
o Click the OK button

5. Create a Radiation Setup

a) To define the radiation setup
Select the menu item HFSS > Radiation > Insert Far Field Setup > Infinite
Sphere
Far Field Radiation Sphere Setup dialog.
o Phi:
Start: 0
Stop: 90
Step Size: 90
o Theta:
Start: -180
Stop: 180
Step Size: 2
Click the OK button.

Analysis Setup
1. Creating an Analysis Setup
a) To create an analysis setup:
Select the menu item HFSS > Analysis Setup > Add Solution Setup.
Solution Setup Window:

Solution Frequency: 800 MHz

Maximum Number of Passes: 20
Maximum Delta S per Pass: 0.002

Click the OK button.

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Antenna and Radio Wave Propagation Fall 2011

2. Adding a Frequency Sweep

a) To add a frequency sweep:
Select the menu item HFSS > Analysis Setup > Add Sweep.
o Select Solution Setup: Setup1
o Click the OK button.
Edit Sweep Window:
o Sweep Type: Fast.
o Frequency Setup Type: Linear Count.
Start: 600 MHz
Stop: 1000 MHz
Count: 100
Save Fields: Checked.
o Click the OK button.

Analyze
1. Model Validation
a) To validate the model:
Select the menu item HFSS > Validation Check.
Click the Close button.

Note: To view any errors or warning messages, use the Message Manager.

2. Analyze
a) To start the solution process:
Select the menu item HFSS > Analyze.

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Lab-3. Monopole & Dipole Antennas
Antenna and Radio Wave Propagation Fall 2011

REPORTS

1. Create Modal S-Parameter Plot - Magnitude

Create report (Modal S-Parameter Plot - Magnitude) of the Model.

Fig (4): S-Parameter Plot

2. Create Far Field Radiation Pattern

Create report (Far Field Radiation Pattern & 3-D Polar Plot) of the Model.

Ansoft Corporation Radiation Pattern 2 HFSSDesign1

0 Curve Info
dB(GainTotal)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
-30 30
Phi='0deg'
-4.00 dB(GainTotal)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Phi='90deg'

-18.00

-60 60

-32.00

-46.00

-90 90

-120 120

-150 150

-180

Fig (5): 2-D Radiation Pattern of Dipole Antenna.

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Lab-3. Monopole & Dipole Antennas
Antenna and Radio Wave Propagation Fall 2011

Fig (6): 3-D Polar Plot Dipole

Antenna.

Monopole Antenna:

A monopole antenna is a class of radio antenna consisting of a straight rod-shaped

conductor, often mounted perpendicularly over some type of conductive surface,
called a ground plane.
For Monopole antenna we can use the same Antenna shown in Figure (1) to obtain
results of Monopole antenna by defining infinite ground plane.

1. Create Infinite Ground Plane

a) To create a face list
Select the menu item Edit > Select > Faces.
Graphically select the face of the Air object at Z=-200.
Select the menu item HFSS > Boundaries > Assign > Finite Conductivity.
Finite Conductivity Boundary window.
o Name: gnd_plane.
o Use Material: Checked.
o Click the vacuum button.
o Select Definition Window:
Type copper in the Search by Name field.
Click the OK
button. Infinite Ground Plane:
Checked. Click the OK button.

Follow the same above procedure to create reports for Monopole Antenna.
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Lab-3. Monopole & Dipole Antennas