Abnormal Psychology: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative
Disorders
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1. Somatic Conditions that involve physical symptoms
Symptom combined with abnormal thoughts,
Disorder feelings and behaviors. suggests the the
presence of medical problems but there is
no obvious medical explanation that can
satisfactorily explain the symptoms such as
paralysis or pain.
2. Factitious A person intentionally psychological or
Disorder physical symptoms (or both). The persons
goal is to maintain the sick role which
provides attention and concern from
family members and health care providers.
3. Malingering The person is intentionally producing or
grossly exaggerating physical symptoms
and is motivated by external incentives
such as avoiding work, military service, or
criminal punishment.
4. Hypochondriasis The person is preoccupied either with
fears of contracting a serious disease or
with the idea of having that disease even
though they do not. These fears are based
on the misinterpretation of one or more
bodily signs or symptoms. Individuals with
hypochondriasis tend to be highly
preoccupied with bodily functions or with
minor physical anomalies or with vague
and ambiguous physical sensations. The
attribute these symptoms to a particular
disease that they have been having
intrusive thoughts about.
5. Causal Factors 1. Disorder of cognition and perception
of 2. Misinterpretations of bodily sensations
Hypochondriasis 3. An individuals past experience with
illnesses lead to the development of a set
of dysfunctional assumptions about
symptoms and diseases that may
predispose a person to developing
hypochondriasis.
6. Treatment of 1. Cognitive-Behavioral treatment: the
Hypochondriasis cognitive components focus on assessing
the patients beliefs about illness and
modifying misinterpretations of bodily
sensations. This treatment is relatively brief
usually taking 6 to 16 sessions.
7. Somatization much like hypochondriasis but
Disorder characterized by many different physical
complaints. the complaints have to begin
before the age of 30 and last for several
years
8. Prevalence usually begins in adolescence and is
of commonly believed to be 3 to 10 times more
Somatization common in women than men. occurs among
Disorder less educated individuals and in lower
socioeconomic classes. The lifetime
prevalence rate is between 0.2 to 2% in women
and less than .2% in men.
Somatization disorder also occurs with major
depression, panic disorders, phobic disorders,
and generalized anxiety disorder.
9. Treatment of 1.Medical Treatment
Somatization 2.Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment
Disorder 3.Regular Physician visits
10. Pain Persistent and severe pain in one or more
Disorders areas of the body that is not intentionally
produced or feigned. Both physical and
psychological factors play an important role in
the contribution of pain. The pain disorder
may be acute(lasting less than 6 months) or
chronic(lasting more than six months)
11. Treatment of 1. cognitive and behavioral techniques
Pain 2. relaxation training
Disorder 3. support and validation that pain is real
4. scheduling of daily activities
5. cognitive restructuring
6. reinforcement of no pain behaviors
12. Criteria for 1.Preoccupation with having or acquiring a
Illness serious illness
anxiety 2.Somatic symptoms are not present, or if
disorder present are only mild in intensity
3.High level of anxiety about health
4.The individual performs excessive health
related behaviors
5.Illness preoccupation has been present for
at least six months but the specific feared
illness may change over time
13. Conversion 1.One or more symptoms of altered voluntary
Disorder motor or sensory function.
2.Clinical findings provide evidence of
incompatibility between the symptom and
recognized neurological or medical
conditions
3.The symptom or deficit is not better
explained by another medical or mental
disorder
4. The symptom or deficit causes clinically
significant distress or impairment in social,
occupational, or other important areas of
functioning or warrants medical evaluation.
14. Primary Gain for Continued escape or avoidance of a 27. Treatment There has been virtually no systematic,
Conversion stressful situation and controlled research conducted on treatment of
Disorder Outcomes depersonalization disorder, dissociative
Symptoms in disorder, and dissociative fugue, and so very
Dissociative little is known on how to treat them
15. Secondary Gain Attention from loved ones or financial
disorders
for Conversion compensation that would tend to
Disorder reinforce the maintenance of disability.
Symptoms
16. Dissociative A group of conditions involving
Disorders disruptions in a persons normally
integrated functions of consciousness,
memory, identity, or perception.
17. Depersonalization Experiences of unreality, detachment, or
being an outside observer with respect
to ones thoughts, feelings, sensations,
body, or actions
18. Derealization Experiences of unreality or detachment
with respect to surroundings
19. Dissociative Failure to recall previously stores
Amnesia autobiographical information
20. Dissociative A person forgets details about their life
Fugue and actually leaves the area in which
they live and assume a new identity.
21. Dissociative Formerly known as multiple personality
Identity Disorder disorder. Patient Manifests two or more
(DID) distinct identities that alternate in some
way of taking control in behavior.
22. Host Identity The one identity that is most frequently
encountered and caries the persons real
name. In most cases, the host is not the
original identity, and it may or may not
be the best-adjusted
23. Alter Identities These identities differ in various ways
such as gender, handedness, age,
handwriting, sexual orientation,
prescription for eyeglasses, and general
knowledge
24. Prevalence of prior to 1979 there were less than 200
Dissociative cases could be found psychiatric and
Identity Disorder psychological literature, by 1999 over
30,000 cases were reported in the
United States.
25. Post traumatic The vast majority of patients with DID
Theory report memories of severe and horrific
abuse as children. From this view DID
starts from a childs attempt to cope with
an overwhelming sense of hopelessness
or powerlessness
26. Sociocognitive Claims DID develops when a highly
Theory suggestible person learns to adopt and
enact the roles of multiple identities