A

MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

ON
DESIGNING &
CONSTRUCTION
OF
ANALOG ELECTRONIC
LAB
(BY USING MATLAB)

JIND INSTITUTE OF ENGG. &

TECHNOLOGY, JIND

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG. DEPARTMENT

SESSION 2009-12

SUBMITTED TO;- SUBMITTED BY;-

Dr. H.D. Sharma Sahil Mehta
H.O.D EEE Department Roll No. 1609648
 Vikas Beniwal
Roll No. 1609651

Contents
Introduction
Block Diagram
Circuit Diagram
Working
Pin Diagram
Components
D.C. Motors
Power Supply
Features
Bibliography
 Preface
As we move through 21st century, the socio economic settings are
different from what is or was long ago. There is a growing demand for
better quality in life, which brings new invention in the companies towards
computerizations. Computers are one of them; computers no doubt
enhance the capability increase the effective and output standard of any
field in which they are applied to.

The need of todays software development id competence in GUI

based front-end tool, which can connect to database. This gives
opportunity to retrieve information easily. This application gives the user
to find information in the database easily than other ways.

In the education department( libraries) the need of computer

become huge, as there is no need to do things, which assumes a lot of time
and energy. This system is developed to provide the user with every sort of
convenience. The user will be very much friendly with the system as he
can do maximum work in minimum time.

Thus we see that computers are become necessity in day life.

The use of computer also invokes the feelings of healthy competition with
other organization.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is a great pleasure to acknowledgement my sincere gratitude and ineptness to Mrs.
Anita Malik (lect. Electronic & Communication Engg. , Govt. Polytechnic Sirsa)
for his guidance and his entire some efforts, consistent motivation & inspiration that
never lot us in the water during the course of our project work. We will never forgot
the devotion, dedication moral attitude ethics he has indulged in our project during
this project. We consider our self-lucky for having an opportunity to work under such
a project guide.
We again send our heartiest thanks for everything that we get from
him.
We would like to pay our sincere gratitude to Sh. Sudhir Gilhotra,
(Principal, Govt. Polytechnic Sirsa) . we also highly obliged head of Department
Er. Virender Sandhu and all staff members of Electronic & Communication
Engg.. for their inspiring guidance, support and encouragement.

We are highly indebted to our parents also for their support. We are also thankful to
our friends also for their support.

Sidharth Setia (0901110052)

Electronic & Communication Engg.(Final Year)
 GOVT.
POLYTECHNIC,SIRSA
Department of Electronics &
Communication Engg.

CERTIFICATE
This is certify that Sidharth Setia (0901110052), is the student of
Electronic & Communication Engineering 6th semester has completed their
Major project on LOGICAL ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM in the
partial fulfillment for the award of Diploma of Technical education from
Technical Board, Panchkula during the academic year 2009-2012. We wish
them a prosperous happy & bright future with all the great silvery success
in their career.

(Er. Virender Sandhu) (Mrs. Anita Malik) (Misss. Manju soni)

HOD, Elec. & Comm. Engg. Project In- Charge Project Guide
 Conclusion
At last we read all about the MOBILE PHONE OPERATED LAND
ROVER WITH CLEANING ARM. The circuit is well working condition
and worded in last we also thank again our H.O.D Er, Virender Sandhu and
Project Guide Mrs. Anita Malik. We also thank our staff members of
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGG. for their co-operation.
The project from a personal point of view also helped us in
understanding following aspects of the project development.
The Planning that goes into implementing a project
The important of project planning and organized methodology.
The key element of team spirit and co-ordination in a successful
project.
The project also provides us the opportunity of interacting with our
teachers to gain their vast experience.
 Introduction of the project
Airline system project is the simple and minor project, developed for
beneficing the travelers as well as airlines companies. This user friendly as
it is very easy to use and understand. It requires common hardware &
software platform, thats why it also compatible. As this project is related
with the manager so we include a password protection in it, with a
username nitish. An unauthorized user cant access this project, he can
access it only by a password which is given by the administrator of the
project.

This project allows you to perform following tasks :

reservation of ticket
print the ticket
cancellation of reservation

For access this project you just need to following steps-

1. Go to start and then on Airline system .

2. When you click on the Airline system , project will open.
3. When you enter in the project ,it will ask you for Username
and PASSWORD. Fill your password in the password box.
given by the administrator of the project.
4. It will open the main menu form.

5. To print a ticket click on Ticket, it will open the form for ticket
6. Enter the information in it, and click on print ticket ,it will show
your printer .click back to return to main mernu.
7. For reservation click on Reservation , it will open another window,click
on add new to add new customer. Click back to return to main menu.
8. For info of flights click on Flight info,click on add new to add
New flight info,click back to back main menu
9. Select About us to know more about the system ,toreturn click back.
10. Click on Cancellation for cancel a record of reservation.
11.Click Exit to exit from application.

Front end
We have used visual basic for our project developers as front end because
it is the perfect programming environment since 1990s. it is an easy and
powerful language tool for developing windows application in basic. In
our project visual basic used as front end.

VARIOUS FEATURES OF VISUALBASIC:-

1. GUI (Graphical User Interface) Environment.. It Is A Windows Based
Language.
2. Point And Click Environment.
3. Event Driven Programming. :- The Code Executes When A Particular
Event Occurs.
4. Various In Built Controls.
5. Various Properties And Methods Are Included Within Controls Which
Makes Our Task Much Easier.
6. In Built Code.
7. We Can Create Our Customized Controls Also.
8. Various In Built Functions. E.Q., Msg-box , Val , Input box
9. Dynamic Arrays
10. IDE (Integrated Development Environment )
11. Efficient Database Programming
12. Various Wizards Are Included.
13. DHTML Applications.
14. Simpler , Easy To Use.
15. User Friendly.
16. Rich Variety Of Loops

IDE (INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT

ENVIRONMENT) :-
It Is An Editor Of Visual Basic Which Includes So Many Components
Which Makes The Task Of Programmer Much Easier. Various Components
Included In IDE Of Visual Basic Are As Follows:-

1. Toolbox :- It Provides The Programmer To Place Various Controls On

Form By Double Clicking On A Particular Control Icon Or By Drag And
Drop Method. Some Of Control Provided In Toolbox Are :- Label,
Textbox, Command-button.
Programmer Need Not To Write Any Code To Place These Controls On
Our Form. It Can Be Opened By View->Toolbox.
2. Form Designer :- It Is Composed Of Two Things :-
A. Design Window:- Here We Place The Controls On Our Form , Set
Their Properties , Set Their Alignment , Set Their Width And Spacing.
 B. Code Window :- Here We Write The Code For Various Controls
Placed In Design Window. Code Window Provides Us The Option To
Choose Control And Also The
Event Associated With The Control.
3. Project Explorer :- It Displays The List Of Various Components Like
Forms Or Modules In Our Project. By Double Clicking On A Form Icon ,
We Can Open A Particular Form. It Can Be Opened By View->Project
Explorer.
There Are 3 Buttons On Project Explorer :-

A. View Code :- It Opens Code Window Of Selected

Form.
B. View Object :- It Opens Design Window Of Selected Form.
C. Toggle Folders :- It Specifies Whether Various Components Are
Displayed In Their Particular Folder Or Not.

4. Properties Window :- It Allows Us To Change Properties Like Text ,

Back-color , Font Etc. Of Selected Controls At Design Time. It Also
Includes A Description Pane Which Displays The Help For Selected
Property. It Can Display Properties Both In Alphabetical And Categorized
Order. It Can Be Opened By View->Properties Window.
5. Form Layout Window :- It Allows To Set The Position Of Form At Run
Time. It Can Be Opened By View->Form Layout Window.

6. Object Browser :- It Displays Various Libraries Present In Visual Basic.

It Also Displays Various Controls And Methods Included Inside Those
Libraries. It Also Displays Help For Various Properties , Methods And
Events Of The Controls. It Can Be Opened By View-> Object Browser

7. Menu Bar :- In Included Various Menus Like File , Edit , View Etc.
Which Provides Various Options To The Programmer For Various Tasks.
Backend
In the computerized address diary system MS-ACCESS is used as backend
to store the data. Access is a powerful database program that we can used
to create the sophisticated applications. A database is a collection of
information about groups of item or individuals. Database is a structure
that is provided fields-categories of information. Fields in address diary
includes name, address, phone no. ,occupation etc. each entry in data base
for one individual is called a record. Simple database only allow you to
work with one set of fields and records . More capable program like access
lets you group multiple list together and list to each other, create a type of
database called a relational database.

In a relational database, each list is stored in a separate table.

Data validations can be put on the fields and records. Validation is a way to
screens data being entered in a table or a form. Validation rules screens the
data, and validation text that appears to let user know that constitutes a
valid entry. When you move to a new record, access checks to make sure
that entire record is valid.

>Icon : Icon provides a symbolic representation of any system entity

such as file, folder, address, table and so on. A folder icon consists of
group of files or other folder icons.

>Dialog box : it is used to capture user information or to present

information to the user. Normally a dialog box is displayed to get
additional information. Dialog boxes are used to indicate error message in
the form of alter boxes.
 Check-box : Such a box is used to capture information Intented
confirmation pertaining to any kind of action desired by he user.
>Menus: The functionality on a GUI system is arranged in the form of
menus such as horizontal menus, pull down menus etc. form the menus,
the user can select any operation of his choice rather than remembering
commands at each stages .

>Sliders : These are used to show the relative position of contents of to

move a different position .

>Desktop Metaphors: In desktop graphical metaphor, users are not aware

of applications and deals with files folders and clipboards.
Requirements For Proposed System:-
The Arrival Of Computers In Commercial Application Has Proved
To Be Very Beneficial. Computerization Has Made Its Impact In
Every Area Of Commercial Application.

Requirements For Computerization Is Increasing Due Its

Growing Complexity. The New Proposed Computerized System
Need To Fulfill The Following Requirements:-

Availability Of Information With Ease.

Greater Speed.
Saving Of Storage Space Requirement For Storing Large
Volume Of Data.
Saving Of Time Involved

Software Requirements :-
GUI Tool: Visual Basic 6.0 As Front End
Database: Microsoft Access 2003 As Back End

The Decision Was Based On The Following Reasons:-

*Microsoft Is Committed To Visual Basic 6.0 And Is Confident That The
Technology Will Continue To Improve And Grow Along With The
Changes And Improvements In Operating System Used.
*Visual Basic 6.0 Enables Rapid Prototyping As It Has Various Inbuilt
Tools, Making Programming With Visual Basic 6.0 Easy. This Help In
Developing A Better And More Useful Application.

The Platform On Which The Application Can Work Is Windows

Xp/Nt/2000/Me/Vista

Hardware Requirements / Specifications:-

Suggested Specifications For Running This Program.

o Processor Min. Pentium3 OR Higher

o Hard Disk Min. 5 GB

o Ram 128mb
o Monitor Resolution 800*600

o VGA Card 256 Color Support

o Windows Compatible Mouse

o Windows Compatible Printer

o Operating System
o Windows/XP/ME/2000/NT/VISTA
Feature of this project
1. This Project Is Based On ADO (Active-x Data Object) Which
Is The Latest Technology Font Database Programming. It
Makes Database Access Much Easier And User Friendly.

2. User Can Easily Navigate To Various Records Of Various

Modules.

3. All The Records Are Displayed In Data Grid Control So That

User Can See All Records In Spreadsheet Format. Data Grid
Provides An Attractive View To Display All The Records Of
A Module. User Can Easily Search A Particular Record.

4. This Project Provides An Easy To Use Interface To The User

For Following Functions:-
Reserving a ticket
Cancel the Existing reservation
Printing Records
Flight information

5. Without Giving Add Or Edit Command, None Of The

Control Can Be Edited.

6. In Numeric Fields, Only Numbers Are Allowed

 7. In Currency Fields, Only Numbers And Decimal Are
Allowed.

8. Without Giving A Password, Project Can Not Be Accessed.

9. Information about project is also given.

10. Windows Can Be Arranged In Various Manners.

Tools and environment used

Language:
This project used VISUAL BASIC 6.0 is developed
environment that run under Microsoft Windows. It is used write programs
that also run under Microsoft Windows. Visual Basic is a window
programming language developed at Microsoft Corporation.
It is powerful programming language to develop
sophisticated window programs very quickly. Visual basic application is
very popular as front end to many client/server data base system like
SQL/SERVER, MS-ACCESS and ORACLE etc.
Visual basic language is having several faces. One is visual,
which comprises of object and tools that easily assembles themselves into
a modern window interfaces. Another face is Visual Basic language, which
is an outcome of the original BASIC (Beginners All Purpose Symbolic
Instruction Code).

Visual Basic User Interface :

Before you can draw your programs user interface and
write basic code, you have to know how to use the user interface of visual
basic it self. The eight main parts of visual basic interface are given,
although all parts do not necessarily have to be visible are given time.

Pull-Down Menus:
Provide access to every available visual basic command,
although these menus can be confused in an intimidating to use.

Tool Box:
Display the types of objects (such as text box, labels etc.).
That you can draw on a form. The toolbox may not list all possible objects
you can draw on a form .to get a complete list of objects you can display in
your toolbox, ctrl + T.

Projects Explorer:
Show list of all forms or report from that are used in
particular project of visual basic.

Properties Windows :
Display the properties of the currently selected form.
Form Layout Window:
Enable you to arrange the location where your form appears
on the screen.

Form:
Provide a window where you can draw objects to design your
programs user interface.

Immediate Window:
Enables you to debug your Visual Basic program.
 FEASIBILITY STUDY
Feasibility Study:
Depending on the results of the initial investigation, the
survey is expended to a more detailed feasibility study.
Feasibility study is a test of system proposal according to its
workability, impact on the organization, ability to met user needs and
effective use of resources.
The objective of the feasibility study is not to solve the problems
but to acquire a sense of its scope. During the study the problem definition
is crystallized and aspects of the problem to be included in the system are
determined.
Consequently, costs and benefits are described with greater
accuracy at this stage. It consists of the following:

Statement Of The Problem:

A carefully worded statements of the problem that lacto
analysis.

Summary of finding and recommendation:

A list of major findings and recommendations of the study. it
is ideal for the user who requires quick access to the results of the analysis
of the system under study. Conclusion is stated, followed by a list of the
recommendation and a justification for them.

Details Of Findings:
An outline of the methods and procedures undertaken by the existing
system, followed by coverage of the objective and procedures of the
candidate system. Included are also discussion of output reports, file
structure and costs & benefits of the candidate system.
Recommendation and conclusion:
Specific recommendations regarding the candidate systems, including
personal assignments, cost, project schedules and target dates.

TYPES OF FEASIBILITY:
1. Technical Feasibility
This involves financial considerations to accommodate technical
enhancements. If the budget is a serious constraint, then the project is
judged not feasible . in the proposed system the company will take only
the cost of developing and maintaining the application into consideration.
There is no needing any special hardware.

2.Economical Feasibility
With the help of this application it will lead to decrease in cost of opening
and maintaining offices, which will be more than the cost of developing
and maintaining the application. Lesser manpower is needed to maintain
an application. Than a branch office, which will again lead to decrease in
cost.

3. Operational Feasibility
This application is very easy to operate as it is made user friendly. Main
consideration in users easy access to all functionality of the application.

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
PARADIGM APPLIED
The basic objective of software engineering is to
develop methods and procedures for software development that can scale
up for large systems and that can be used to consistently produce high
quality software at low cost and with a small cycle time. That is , the keys
objectives are consistency, low, cost, high quality, small cycle time and
scalability.
The basic approach that engineering takes is to
separate the development process from the software. The premise is that
the development process controls the quality, scalability, consistency and
productivity.

Different phases of the development process:

Requirement analysis:
Requirement analysis is done order to understand the problem
the software is to solve. The problem could be automating exiting manual
process, developing a new automated system, or a combination of the two.
The emphasis in requirements analysis is on identifying what is needed
from the system, not how the software development- a client and a
developer.

Software Design:
The purpose of designing phase is to plan a solution of the problem
specified by the requirements documents. This phase is the first step in
moving from the problem domain to the solution domain. The design
activity is divided into two phases ;
System design and detailed design. In system design the focus is on
identifying the modules, whereas during detailed design the focus is on
designing the logic for each of the modules.

Coding:
The goal of the coding phase is to translate the design of the system into
code in a given programming language . hence during coding, the focus
should be on developing programs that are easy to read and understand ,
and not simply on developing programs that are easy to write.

Testing:
Testing is the major quality control measure used during software
development. Its function is to detect error in the software. Testing not
only correct errors encountered during coding, but also errors encountered
during the previous phases. Thus, the goal of testing is to uncover
requirement, design and coding errors in the programs. Therefore, different
levels of testing are used. These levels are:
unit testing
system testing
storage testing
performance testing
procedure testing
human factors testing
 Testing
It should be clear in mind that the philosophy behind testing is to find
errors. Test cases are devised with this purpose in mind.
A test case is a set of data that the system will process as normal input.
however, the data are created with the express intent of determining
whether the system will process them correctly. for example, test cases for
inventory handling should include situations in which the quantifies to be
withdrawn from inventory exceed, equal and are less than the actual
quantities on hand. Each test case is designed with the intent of finding
errors in the system will process it. There are two general strategies for
testing softwares:
1) Code testing
2) Specification Testing

In code testing, the analyst develops those cases to execute every

instruction and path in a program. Under specification testing, the analyst
examines the program specification and them writes test data to determine
how the program operates under specific conditions.

LEVELS OF TESTING:
System are not designed as entire system or they as single systems. The
analyst must both unit and system testing.

Unit testing:
In unit testing the analyst tests the programs making up a
system. For this reasons, unit testing is sometimes called program testing.
unit testing gives stress on the modules independently of one another , to
find errors. This help the tester in detecting errors in coding and logic that
are contained within that module alone. The error resulting from the
interaction between modules are initially avoided. so the test cases needed
for unit testing should exercise each condition and option.

SYSTEM TESTING:
The important and essential part of the system
development phase, after designing and developing the software s system
testing. We cannot say every program or system design is perfect and
because of lack of communication between the user and the designer ,
some error is there in the software development. The number and nature of
error in a newly designed system should have all the parts or sub-system
work independently. This is the time to gather all the subsystem into one
pool and test the whole system to determine whether it meets the user
requirements. This is the last change to detect and correct errors before the
system is installed for user acceptance testing. The purpose of system
testing is to consider all the likely variation to which it will be subjected
and then push the system to its limits. System testing consists of the
following five steps:
Program Testing
String Testing
System Testing
System Documentation
User Acceptance

SPECIAL SYSTEM TESTING:

Peak Load Test

Storage Test
Performance Testing Recovery
Testing
Procedure Testing
Human Factor Testing

Maintenance:-

Maintenance Is Necessary To Eliminate Error In The Working

System During Its Working Life To Tune The System To Any
Variation In Its Working Environment. Often Small System
Deficiencies Are Found As A System Is Brought Into Operation
And Changes Are Made To Remove Them . System Planners Must
Also Plan For Resource Availability To Carry Out This
Maintenance Function. The Importance Of The Maintenance Is To
Continue To Bring The New System To Standards.
Actually System Maintenance Is The Last Part Of The System
Development Life Cycle Which Is Actually The Implementation
Of The Post-Implementation Review Plan. When System Are
Installed, They Are Generally Used For Long Time . The Average
Life Of A System Is 4 To 6 Years, With Oldest Application Often
In Use For Over 10 Years. However, This Period Of Use Bring
With It The Need To Continually Maintain The System. The Study
On The Maintenance Requirement For The Information System
Revealed That.
(a) 60-90 Percent Of The Overall Cost Of The Software
During The Life Of The System Is Spent On Maintenance.
Maintenance Demands More Orientation And Training
Than Any Other Programming Activities Does. The
Environment Must Recognize The Need Of The
Maintenance Programmer For Tools, Methods And
Training.
Maintenance Can Be Classified As:
1. Corrective
2. Adaptive
3. Perfective
Corrective:- It Is Commonly Believed That The State Of Art
Today Is Such That Almost All Software That Is Developed Has
Residual Error , Or Bugs In Them. Many Of These Surfaces Only
After The System Have Been In Operations, Sometimes For The
Long Time. These Errors Once Discovered Need To Be Removed,
Leading To The Software Getting Changed . This Is Corrective
Maintenance.
Adaptive:- Even Without Bugs, Software Frequently Undergoes
Changes. The Main Reason Is That Software Often Must Be
Upgraded And Enhanced To Include More Features And Provide
More Services. This Also Requires Modification Of The Software.
It May Be Possible That The Environment Of The System May Be
Changed. Hence The Needs That Initiate The Software
Development Have Change To Reflect The Needs Of The
Changed Environment. This Phenomenon Is Called The Law Of
The Software Evaluation. Maintenance Due To This Phenomenon
Is Called Adaptive Maintenance.
Perfective:- Perfective Maintenance Means Enhancing The
Performance Or Modifying The Program To Respond To The
Users Additional Or Changing Needs.
Form1:
Form2:
Form3:

Form4:
Output of Form4:
Form5:
Output of Form5:
Form6:
Output of Form6:
Form7:
Output of Form7:
Form8:
FORM1:

Private Sub Timer1_Timer()

ProgressBar1.Value = ProgressBar1.Value + 1
If ProgressBar1.Value = 100 Then
Form2.Show
Timer1.Interval = 0
Unload Me
End If
End Sub

FORM2:

Private Sub Command1_Click()

If Text1.Text = "nitish" And Text2.Text = "munjal" Then
Form3.Show
Form2.Hide
Else
MsgBox ("WRONG username or password")
End If

End Sub

Private Sub Command2_Click()

End
End Sub

FORM3:

Private Sub Command1_Click()

Form4.Show
Form3.Hide

End Sub

Private Sub Command2_Click()

Form5.Show
Form3.Hide

End Sub

Private Sub Command3_Click()

Form6.Show
Form3.Hide

End Sub

Private Sub Command4_Click()

Form7.Show
Form3.Hide

End Sub

Private Sub Command5_Click()

End
End Sub

Private Sub Command6_Click()

Form8.Show
Form3.Hide
End Sub

FORM4:

Private Sub Command1_Click()

cdb1.ShowPrinter
End Sub

Private Sub Command2_Click()

Form3.Show
Form4.Hide
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
Text7.Text = Date
End Sub

FORM5:

Private Sub Command1_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.Update
MsgBox ("record updated successfully")
Adodc1.Recordset.MoveFirst

End Sub

Private Sub Command2_Click()

Form3.Show
Form5.Hide
End Sub
Private Sub Command3_Click()
Adodc1.Recordset.AddNew
MsgBox ("plzzzz enter info about customer")

End Sub

Private Sub Form_Load()

Combo1.AddItem ("MALE")
Combo1.AddItem ("FEMALE")
Combo2.AddItem ("GENERAL")
Combo2.AddItem ("SENIOR")
Text3.Text = Date
End Sub

FORM6:

Private Sub Command1_Click()

Form3.Show
Form6.Hide
End Sub

Private Sub Command2_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.AddNew
MsgBox ("you have to enter value")
Command3.Visible = True
End Sub

Private Sub Command3_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.Update
MsgBox ("record saved")
Adodc1.Recordset.MoveFirst
End Sub

Private Sub Form_Load()

Command3.Visible = False

End Sub

FORM7:

Private Sub Command1_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.Delete
MsgBox ("record deleted sucessfully")
Adodc1.Recordset.MoveFirst

End Sub

Private Sub Command2_Click()

Form3.Show
Form7.Hide
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
MsgBox ("you have to enter record information")
End Sub

FORM8:

Private Sub Command1_Click()

Form3.Show
Form8.Hide
End Sub