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Converters
Dong Cao, Fang Z. Peng
The Department of ECE at Michigan State University
2120 Engineering Building
East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
Abstract-This paper presents a family of four-quadrant dc-dc active switches, inductors and capacitors has been minimized,
converters with minimal number of switches and passive devices. which makes the circuit more reliable and cost efficient. One
These converters employ a Z-source or a quasi-Z-source network of the active switches of some topologies can also be replaced
with two active switches to provide four quadrant operation
by a diode, making it a single switch bi-polar output circuit. A
which means bipolar output voltage and bidirectional current
40W Z-source dc-dc converter was built to confirm the
operation. Bipolar output operation can also be realized by using
one active switch and a diode. They also own buck and boost operation. Experiment results are given to demonstrate the
characteristics when the duty cycle is changed from zero to one. specific features of proposed circuits.
At 0.5 duty cycle, these converters can output either zero or II. PROPOSED CIRCUIT AND OPERATING PRINCIPLE
infinity voltage. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the
validity and features of these circuits. A. Topology derivation
Fig.1 shows the basic structures of Z-source and quasi-Z-
I. INTRODUCTION source dc-dc converter. Fig.1a shows the basic structure of Z-
At present, many renewable DC sources (photovoltaic source dc-dc converter, with a Z-source network and two
arrays, fuel cells, thermoelectric modules) have been used for switches. Fig.1b shows the basic structure of quasi-Z-source
DC motor drives. A four quadrant dc-dc converter is needed dc-dc converter with a quasi-Z-source network and two
for the four-quadrant operation of motor (forward, backward switches.
motoring and breaking).[1, 2] H-bridge has been used to Each structure is formed by two inductors, two capacitors,
operate in four quadrant operation for motor drives for many two switches (active or passive) and an input voltage source.
years, but it utilizes four active switches which are costly and Load can be added to either of the capacitor and the position of
bulky. By utilizing Z-source network, Z-source and quasi-Z- voltage source and the capacitors position can be exchanged. In
source inverter has been proposed recently with buck, boost this way eight different circuits can be derived as shown in
and voltage bipolar characteristics.[3-6] Other topologies that Fig.2.
make use of the Z-source network as a basic cell to achieve
four quadrant operation dc-dc converters have been
investigated.[7] Some topologies using coupled inductor or
hybrid Z-network to achieve four quadrant operation have been
investigated.[4, 8] However, all existing topologies have to use
additional active switches, extra inductor and capacitor or
coupled inductor to attain four-quadrant operation thus
increasing costs, circuit complexity and reducing the reliability.
(a). Z-source dc-dc converter basic structure
This paper presents a family of dc-dc converters based on
Z-source or Z-network structure that is able to achieve the four
quadrant operation without increasing the cost significantly.
This Z-source dc-dc converter family utilizes a basic Z-source
structure and a quasi-Z-source structure to generalize a group
of dc-dc converters. By employing two active switches
(MOSFETs with their anti-parallel diodes) four of these
converters can realize bidirectional and bipolar operation. This
family owns both buck and boost characteristics depending on
control of the duty cycle. At 0.5 duty cycle four of these (b). quasi-Z-source dc-dc converter basic structure
Fig. 1. Z-source and quasi-Z-source dc-dc converter basic
converters can output zero voltage while others can output the structure
infinity voltage theoretically. Duty cycle 0.5 is the boundary of
the positive output and negative output. The number of the
(b)
(c)
(a)
(d)
Fig. 4 Topological stages for the converter of Fig. 2(c). (a,b) D<0.5 (c,d) D>0.5
5
4
3
a,b,e,f
2
1
0
1
2
3 c,d,g,h
4
5
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
(b)
Duty cycle d Fig. 6 Key waveforms of the proposed converter. (a) D<0.5, (b) D>0.5
Fig. 5 Voltage gain curve for proposed family
Vo (10V/div)
Io (0.5A/div)
Iin (0.5A/div)
Fig. 8 Quadrant 1 and 4 operation verification experiment circuit with a diode (b)
and an Active switch Fig. 10 Experiment waveforms of the proposed converter (c) D>0.5
REFERENCES
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2003. 2008, pp. 2743-2749.
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Prentice Hall, 1993. Family Of Four-Quadrant, PWM DC-DC Converters," in Power
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Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2008. APEC 2008. Conference, 1998. PESC 98 Record. 29th Annual IEEE, 1998, pp.
Twenty-Third Annual IEEE, 2008, pp. 1258-1265. 1775-1782 vol.2.
[5] J. Anderson and F. Z. Peng, "A Class of Quasi-Z-Source Inverters,"
in Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 2008. IAS '08.
IEEE, 2008, pp. 1-7.