ARTICLE-3

CLIMATE CHANGE, AQUACULTURE AND

EXTENSION: AN OVERVIEW
Mudada Dibyanath1*, Alok Kumar Jena1, Janmejaya Parhi2
1Research Scholar, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra
2Department of Fish genetics and Breeding,College of Fisheries, CAU, Lembucherra
Corresponding authors email:-nath37143@gmail.com

1. INTRODUCTION time, usually a decade or more, Aquaculture defined as the farming

Aquaculture and fisheries are
the major contributors to food supply,
food security and livelihoods option
to about hundreds of millions of
people around the world. Aquaculture
depends on aquatic ecosystems
(freshwater, coastal and marine).
These ecosystems are already feeling
the impact of climate change due to
their high sensitivity to changes in
temperature, salinity and acidity. As
a result, livelihoods dependent on
fisheries are expected to be among the
first significantly impacted by climate
change. Climate change is a change
in the statistical distribution of
weather patterns when that change
lasts for an extended period of time
(i.e., decades to millions of years).
United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate defined
climate change as Any change in
climate over an extended period of
whether due to natural variability or
as a result of human activity. Changes
in climate may be due to natural
processes or due to persistent
anthropogenic changes in atmosphere
or in land use. Climate changes is
mainly due to following factors such
as,
I)Biotic factors like volcanic
activities, variations in solar radiation
received by Earth, Tectonics plate
movements etc.
II) Anthropogenic activities
like deforestation, pollutions, global
warming, acid rain etc.
2. Contribution of
aquaculture towards food
production and livelihood
Aquaculture remains the major
contributors of nutritiousfood
sources, food security, income and
ultimate livelihoods for hundreds of
millions of people around the world.
of aquatic organisms, including
fishes, molluscs, crustaceans, and
aquatic plants farming implies some
form of intervention in the rearing
process to enhance production viz.
stocking, feeding, management and
also implies individual or corporate
ownership of the stock being
cultivated (FAO, 2014).Currently, the
world aquaculture production has
increased from 55.7 MT in 2009 to
73.8 MT in 2014. However, world per
capita fish consumption has increased
from an average of 9.9 Kg in the
1990s to about 20.1 kg in 2016 for
about 7.3 billion population around
the world.
There about 56.6 million of
people of the world directly and
indirectly engaged with fisheries
sector for their livelihood in the field
of production, post-harvest services,
marketing and distribution etc.

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3. Impact of Climate Change
on Aquaculture
Fig.1. Impact of climate
change on Aquaculture
Climate change has both direct
as well as indirect impact on the
aquaculture which ultimately affects
the livelihoods of hundreds of
millions of people around the world
on which they depends. The
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livelihoods of small-scale fish farmers
and fishers in developing small island
states, drought-prone countries, and
developing countries of South and
South-East Asia and Sub-Saharan
Africa are already reported to be
significantly affected (FAO,
2014).Climate change is transforming
the context in which the worlds 56.6
million fishers and fish farmers live
and work. This is posing a major
threat to their livelihoods and the
ecosystems on which they
depend.Some of these impacts of
climate changes on aquaculture are
discussed here.
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3.1. Direct impacts
Global warming and
increased temperature affects the
waterlevel, quality, quantity and
survival of fishes in the ponds.
Due to global warming
causes the melt of icebergs as a result
sea level rises and entering in to the
river banks resulting in increase in
saline water intrusion that affects the
freshwater culture practices.
It causes water stress as a
result affecting aquaculture in non-
perennial water bodies.
Changes in monsoon patterns
and the occurrence of extreme
weather events.
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3.2. Indirect impacts
It incidences diseases outbreaks
which affects the aquatic animals.
It damages the biodiversity,
breeding habitats of native aquatic
animals.
4.Possible adaptive measures
for climate changes in aquaculture:
Some tips
Institutional, policy and
planning measures. It includes as
follows
Implementation of ecosystem
approach to aquaculture as a global
strategy.
Prioritizing and enhancing
mariculture and non-feed
aquaculture.
Enhancing the use of suitable
inland water bodies through culture
based fisheries and appropriate stock
enhancement practice.
Aquaculture insurance.
Research and technology
transfer.
Aquaculture zoning and
monitoring.
5.Livelihood related adaptive
strategies for aquaculturists against
climate change
Generation of alternative
livelihood resources;
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ARTICLE-3
Community awareness extension strategy to promote
programmes for disaster awareness and adoption of climate
management; resilient best practices.
Construction of coastal Use of information
embankments for cyclone protection; communication technologies. E.g.
Construction of cyclone Kisan Mobile Advisory Services
shelters; (KMAS).
Mixed culture of fish species Formation of Young Farmer
to fight salinity changes; Clubs (YFC) and organizing farmer
Building higher dikes around field schools to encourage farmers in
aquaculture farms to deal with flood mutually learning about climate
and development of water irrigations change issues and fostering joint
facilities for coastal aquaculture to decisions in executing consensus
tackle drought situation. based adaptation options.
Providing feedback to 6. Conclusion
government and interested agencies Extension plays an important
with situation reports on various role in empowering farmers and
causes of climate change and its helping them mitigate and adapt to
effects. climate change.Collaborative efforts
Conducting technology of Government, private institutions
demonstrations coupled with capacity and other stake holders can
building of farmers as to how to effectively mitigate the challenge
mitigate or adapt to the effects of arising from climate change on
climate change. aquaculture.So these institutions
Organizing seminars, through extension agency train the
exposure visits, workshops and field people how to prepare themselves to
days on climate risk management. face such climate change so that the
Use of farmer-to-farmer risk on aquaculture can be minimized.
Scientist's, Professor's and Students can send their
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A.P. E.G.D.t., web : www.srraqua.com
of Paddle Wheel Aerators & Spares J : 08856-235645
Aqua Star - APRIL - 2017