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Small Group Counseling for 9th Grade Students: Building Healthy Relationships
Sarah E. Davis
The University Of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Healthy Relationships Small Group 2
The teenage years are bursting with social milestones; this is a time in which
relationships take center stage in the lives of adolescents. The emotional health of
dating relationships, or simply navigating the social climate of the school, these
relationships have the potential to either help or harm students (Jouriles et al. 2009). The
harmful implications of bullying and dating violence are now major public health concerns
among adolescents (Craigen et al. 2009). Transitions between school levels, like from
middle to high school, are especially disruptive for adolescent relationships (Carlisle 2011).
to differentiate the two in real life scenarios is remarkably valuable to 9th grade students.
Cary High school is located in Wake County, North Carolina with 2,233 students in
attendance from grades 9-12. 45% of students enrolled at Cary High are minority students
and 30% of students enrolled are economically disadvantaged. 54% of enrolled students are
Due to the large size of the school and the varied student body demographics, it can
be inferred that students are involved in many different types of relationships with other
students, teachers, and faculty. Having identified Cary High School students large amount
of social connections and relationships, it is evident that these students would benefit from
increased knowledge of healthy relationship qualities and how to differentiate healthy and
unhealthy relationships in real life scenarios. This group aims to enhance 9th grade students
knowledge of healthy and unhealthy relationships and to decrease the number of counseling
be preferable to have referrals from teachers and other counselors. These referred students
may have had past relationship issues that they have brought to their teachers and
counselors or that teachers and counselors have noticed. Examples of such relationship
issues include trouble with friendships, trouble with a dating relationship, bullying from
friends or trouble with frenemies, and trouble with familial relationships at home.
Group screening is very important to ensure group effectiveness and comfort for
group members. Individual interviews can be utilized in order to screen group members. To
control for age and grade factors, this group was designed to be presented to 9th grade
students. It is also important to gage interest for the best fit in the group as part of the
screening process. Potential members will be asked about their interest in participating in
the healthy relationships small group. If members express interest, they may be issued
informed consent forms to be completed and returned within one week. A closed
membership is ideal for this group in order to encourage students to build trusting
The ideal small group is small enough to control safety, confidentiality, and
comfort, but is large enough to include a good, diverse sample of students. The size of the
small groups, eight 9th grade students, was chosen as a small enough number to maintain a
controlled, intimate environment for sharing thoughts and ideas comfortably. The size was
Healthy Relationships Small Group 4
also chosen as a large enough number to allow for a more diverse sample of students, and
therefore more points of view to consider and discuss, than a smaller group might.
Overall Standards
ASCA
12.C.2.2: Analyze the roles of the family, school, peer groups, and
presented.
To create a safer climate for In 13-14, reports of dating violence at school will be
students in dating reduced by 5% as compared to 12-13.
relationships
To create a more positive In 13-14, referrals due to trouble with dating
(and focused) school climate relationships at school will be reduced by 5% as
compared to 12-13.
To create a more positive In 13-14, referrals due to trouble with family
(and focused) school climate relationships at school will be reduced by 5% as
compared to 12-13.
Process Data:
Each group will include eight 9th grade students and will be timed during their lunch
hour. The group will meet once every Tuesday from September 10th until October 8th.
Students will sign in on sign-in sheets and complete post-lesson surveys every group
session. Each group session will include activities followed by discussions regarding the
Healthy Relationships Small Group 7
lesson/activity for the day. The results will be shared with administration, teachers, and the
Perception Data
relationships in the surveys provided throughout the group sessions. 90% of students will be
able to identify and state the qualities of a healthy relationship. 80% of students will be able
to identify and state the qualities of an unhealthy relationship. 90% of students will be able
to state solutions to common relationship scenarios and problems. 75% of students will feel
better equipped to manage common relationship dilemmas. The results will be shared with
Outcome Data
As a result of these group lessons, students will exhibit the following behavioral
changes: Students will use their knowledge of healthy relationships to assess their
relationships with others, leading to the reduction of referrals due to trouble with
unhealthy relationships to assess their relationships with others, leading to the reduction of
students will use their knowledge of unhealthy relationships to assess their relationships
with others, leading to the reduction of referrals due to trouble with dating relationships by
Follow-up
Following group sessions, teachers will report back to counselors regarding changes
in referred students relationship behavior via email. The counselor will meet individually
with each student in the group for a follow-up session two weeks after the final group
session. This follow-up meeting will be used to gage the students feelings about the group,
their relationship progress since the beginning of group, and to address any lingering
Theoretical Foundation
The lessons in these small group sessions incorporate counseling theories in order to
create a well-rounded lesson that accounts for multiple learning styles. One example of
these theories is the use of skillstreaming and modeling from Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy. Students are asked to conduct role-plays in order to gain a sense of what those
scenarios are like in real life and how to react to them in proper ways. Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy can also be seen in the Dear Abby exercise where students must respond as
advice columnists; students are told to consider their thoughts and how they are thinking
before the react (or how the person should react in their situation).
Multicultural Considerations
stereotypes, and appreciate the importance of cultural diversity. A foundation of these needs
Healthy Relationships Small Group 9
is leader self-awareness; leaders should be aware of their own culture and the others in the
relationships norms can vary across cultures. For this reason, the group should take the
following cross-cultural factors into consideration during the lessons and discussion: race,
Differentiation Strategies
order to account for multiple intelligence. Students are gifted in a range ways and often
learn through various teaching methods. For instance, some students are visual learners
while others are linguistic learners; some students learn by kinesthetic experiences while
others are more logical and mathematical in their thinking. To best suit the different
learning styles of students, a counselor may want to change the product, content, or process
of the group lessons. The first lesson includes a variety of learning opportunities; students
may act out scenarios in order to hear them or see them first-hand. If there are no students
that are able to conduct role-plays, the counselor may want to attempt the role-play
him/herself. Lesson two includes a visual and kinesthetic activity in which students are
asked to create relationship recipes. If students are unable to create the recipes
themselves, the counselor may decide to create one large recipe on the board. The content
of the lessons is based on healthy relationships; therefore, students with different styles of
learning or disabilities may need to understand that content under their own terms. The
product of the group sessions (the means in which a culminating understanding of the
Healthy Relationships Small Group 10
content is expressed by the student) may be seen and heard on surveys and in discussions.
Small groups can often be divided into stages. This group plans sequence of
sessions was designed with the model of group stages by Corey (2008) in mind. Coreys
model of group stages is based on the concept that a successful small group naturally flows
from step to step: formation, orientation, transition, working, consolidation, and follow-up.
The first group sessions lesson is very interactive; students conduct role-plays of given
relationship dilemmas. This interaction is key for orientation, getting comfortable in the
group and getting to know one another. The following three lessons fall mostly under the
working group stage, where students are working out the relationship issues presented.
The fifth and final lesson is meant to consolidate the knowledge of relationships gathered so
far. The post-lesson surveys are also used following each lesson in order to consolidate
information and check for understanding and helpfulness. The individual sessions following
the five group lessons are conducted for the purpose of follow-up. Counselors will meet
with students individually to gage the students feelings about the group, their relationship
progress since the beginning of group, and to address any lingering questions they might
have.
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Learning Objective(s):
1. Students will be able to identify characteristics of a healthy relationship
2. Students will identify their own solutions to common relationship dilemmas
3. Students will be able to empathize with different points of view by coming up with
solutions to relationship problems
4. Students will be able to recall at least one group rule on the post-lesson survey
Materials:
Whiteboard or poster paper for writing small group counseling rules
Pens/markers
Post-lesson survey
Role Plays (below)
Procedure
Introduction:
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Students will be asked to sign in on a sign-in sheet at the beginning of the lesson. Students
will be given an opportunity to create rules for the group, including rules regarding
confidentiality and punishments for breaking confidentiality. The counselor will then
introduce the major elements of healthy teenage relationships: respect, trust, mutual
intimacy, caring and empathy, communication, and self-awareness/self-worth.
The counselor will lead a discussion regarding Role Play #1 (discussion questions found in
processing, below).
a. Chantel and Katrina suggest to Abby that they look around the Mall a little bit more
before she buys the outfit in case she sees something she likes even better.
b. Chantel and Katrina tell Abby that they think the outfit looks horrible on her and
that she should not buy it.
c. Chantel and Katrina decide not to say anything to Abby.
d. Choose your own ending
The counselor will lead a discussion regarding Role Play #2 (discussion questions found in
processing, below).
Processing:
Questions for Discussion following Role Play #1:
1. What do you think Maria is feeling? How do you think Jen and Kim will feel depending
on what Maria decides to do? The aim of this question is to get participants to empathize
with different positions or points of view.
2. Does everyone agree with the ending? Why or why not?
3. What are other possible endings and how do you think they would work out?
Healthy Relationships Small Group 15
Challenge participants to consider not only what they think would be the right thing to
do, but also what they would want to do and how they could try to work out different
outcomes. Have participants think about how they would word responses.
The counselor will ask students to complete a post-lesson survey containing questions
regarding relationships, the lesson, and discussion.
Closing:
The counselor will review the group rules to check for understanding. The students will
then be asked to recap the qualities of a healthy relationship in a final discussion. The
counselor will ask students to notice these qualities in their relationships in school, at home,
and in the community until the next group session.
The lesson will be taught in small groups of eight 9th grade students. The students will sign
in on a sign-in sheet at the beginning of the lesson. Students will conduct role plays to
examine common relationship scenarios. Students will complete a survey after the lesson
containing questions regarding relationships, the lesson, and discussion. The results will be
shared with administration, teachers, and the school counseling department via e-mail.
Perception Data:
Students will demonstrate their knowledge of healthy relationships in the survey provided,
as well as their understanding of the group rules regarding confidentiality. At least 80% of
students will be able to state a group rule on the survey. The results will be shared with
administration, teachers, and the school counseling department via e-mail.
Learning Objective(s):
1. Students will be able to identify the qualities of relationships that they deem most
important
2. Students will be able to identify characteristics of a healthy relationship
3. Students will be able to compare and contrast similarities and differences between
other students relationship values
Materials:
Recipe cards
Decorating pens and stickers
Post-lesson survey
Procedure
Introduction:
Students will be asked to sign in on a sign-in sheet at the beginning of the lesson. The
counselor will hand out materials to students and begin a discussion about what students
value most in relationships.
Processing:
Discussion: The counselor will ask participants to take turns sharing their recipes with each
other. Students will discuss the similarities and differences among the recipes. How did
Healthy Relationships Small Group 19
participants decide how much of each ingredient they needed? Are there any ingredients
that would change the flavor or consistency of the recipe?
The counselor will ask students to complete a post-lesson survey containing questions
regarding their relationship values and the helpfulness of the discussion.
Closing:
The counselor will review the qualities of a healthy relationship. The students will then be
asked to recap the qualities of the ideal relationship in a final discussion. The counselor will
ask students to notice how these qualities add up in their relationships in school, at home,
and in the community until the next group session.
Perception Data:
Students will demonstrate their perceptions of healthy relationships in the survey provided,
as well as their values regarding healthy relationships. At least 75% of students will be able
to state one of the qualities of healthy relationships on the survey. The results will be shared
with administration, teachers, and the school counseling department via e-mail.
Learning Objective(s):
1. Students will be able to identify characteristics of a healthy relationship
2. Students will identify their own solutions to common tricky relationship situations
3. Students will be able to empathize with different points of view by coming up with
solutions to relationship problems
Materials:
Dear Abby letters
Pens and Pencils
Posterboard
Post-lesson survey
Procedure
Introduction:
Students will be asked to sign in on a sign-in sheet at the beginning of the lesson. The
counselor will continue by reviewing the major elements of healthy teenage relationships:
respect, trust, mutual intimacy, caring and empathy, communication, and self-
awareness/self-worth.
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Example 1:
Questions for discussion: Should the author try to talk to her friend about the parts of the
friendship she finds difficult? Does the author have an obligation to continue this
friendship? Does either the author or the friend need help from an adult?
Example 2:
Questions for discussion: How can the author tell if she can trust another person? How are
peoples opinions influenced by rumors?
Processing:
The counselor will then lead a discussion about what advice they would suggest to the
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author of the letter. Ask a volunteer to write suggestions on the board. Prompt a discussion
around ideas and misconceptions people have about communication in relationships.
Possible discussion questions:
What are some misconceptions people have about friends and love?
How can we be realistic in what we expect from relationships?
How can we be considerate of our own feelings and the feelings of others?
The counselor will ask students to complete a post-lesson survey containing questions about
the qualities of a healthy relationship, the helpfulness of the discussion, and their
confidence in their responses to the Dear Abby situations following the discussion.
Closing:
The students will be asked to recap the qualities of a healthy relationship and how they fit
into these Dear Abby situations in a final discussion. The counselor will ask students to
look for these situations in their lives in school, at home, and in the community until the
next group session.
Perception Data:
Students will demonstrate their knowledge of all major elements of healthy teenage
relationships (respect, trust, mutual intimacy, caring and empathy, communication, and
self-awareness/self-worth) in the survey provided. At least 70% of students will be able to
state the qualities of healthy relationships on the survey. The results will be shared with
administration, teachers, and the school counseling department via e-mail.
Healthy Relationships Small Group 24
Learning Objective(s):
1. Students will be able to identify the qualities of a specific relationship in their lives
2. Students will be able to identify healthy characteristics and unhealthy
characteristics of a specific relationship in their lives
3. Students will be able to compare and contrast similarities and differences between
themselves and a friend in their relationship
Materials:
Paper copies of the Relationship Venn diagram
Pens and Pencils
Post-lesson survey
Procedure
Healthy Relationships Small Group 26
Introduction:
Students will be asked to sign in on a sign-in sheet at the beginning of the lesson. The
counselor will distribute paper and writing materials to students and ask them to think of a
friend that they would like to think about for the activity.
Processing:
The counselor will then prompt a discussion about the mutuality and differences within a
relationship. Possible discussion questions include:
Are there qualities that were similar between yourself and your friend? Are there
differences?
Are you surprised by any of the similarities or differences you wrote down?
Do you think friends need to share characteristics or activities?
Have there been times when you had more or less in common with a friend? What
happened in that relationship?
The counselor will ask students to complete a post-lesson survey containing questions about
the differences between roles in relationships and the helpfulness of the discussion.
Closing:
The students will be asked to recap the qualities of a healthy relationship and how their
relationships stack up in regards to these healthy relationship qualities. The counselor will
ask students to observe the different relationship roles with their friends until the next group
session.
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Perception Data:
Students will identify the qualities of a specific relationship in their lives and compare and
contrast similarities and differences within these relationships in the survey provided.
At least 70% of students will be able to relate their own specific relationships to the healthy
relationship qualities discussed in the previous groups. The results will be shared with
administration, teachers, and the school counseling department via e-mail.
12.C.2.2: Analyze the roles of the family, school, peer groups, and
media in socializing adolescents.
12.C.2.3: Explain the impact of social organizations (such as
families), social structures (such as marriage), and social institutions
(such as schools) on individuals and groups within society.
Learning Objective(s):
1. Students will be able to identify characteristics of a healthy relationship
2. Students will be able to identify characteristics of an unhealthy relationship
Materials:
Index Cards with prompts on them (handout provided)
Posterboard/chalkboard/whiteboard
Pen
Red, yellow, and green posters
Procedure
Introduction:
Students will be asked to sign in on a sign-in sheet at the beginning of the lesson. The
counselor will ask students what the characteristics of an unhealthy relationship are.
Processing:
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The counselor will then prompt a discussion about the criteria the participants used to
categorize the qualities or behaviors. The counselor should ask about the qualities that
participants feel fall into definite categories as well as behaviors that are worrisome. Why
do some behaviors depend on the situation? Did all group members agree about the
Yellow Light qualities?
The counselor will ask students to complete a post-lesson survey containing questions
regarding unhealthy and healthy relationships.
Closing:
The students will be asked to recap the qualities of a healthy relationship and an unhealthy
relationship in a final discussion. The counselor will ask students to notice these qualities in
their relationships in school, at home, and in the community until the next group session.
Perception Data:
Students will demonstrate their knowledge of healthy relationships and unhealthy
relationships in the survey provided. At least 95% of students will be able to state an
unhealthy quality of a relationship and all of the studied healthy relationship qualities
discussed in group (respect, trust, mutual intimacy, caring and empathy, communication,
and self-awareness/self-worth). The results will be shared with administration, teachers, and
the school counseling department via e-mail.
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References
Craigen, L. M., Sikes, A., Healey, A., & Hays, D. (2009). School Counselors' Role in
Jouriles, E. N., Platt, C., & McDonald, R. (2009). Violence in Adolescent Dating
http://www.ncschoolreportcard.org/src/schDetails.jsp?pYear=2011-
2012&pLEACode=920&pSchCode=368