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Problem 3.8 For the circuit in Fig. P3.

8:
(a) Determine I.
(b) Determine the amount of power supplied by the voltage source.
(c) How much influence does the 4-A source have on the circuit to the left of the
3-A source?

I 3A
V
I
2
+ 8 8 8 8 4A
6V _

Figure P3.8: Circuit for Problem 3.8.

Solution: (a) At node V :


V 6 V V
+ + + 3 = 0,
2 8 8
which leads to
 
1 1 1
V + + = 33 = 0
2 8 8
6V
= 0.
8
Hence,
V
V = 0, and I = = 0 also.
8
(b)
V 6 06
I = = = 3 A.
2 2
P = V I = 6 (3) = 18 W

(minus sign confirms that voltage source is a supplier of power).


(c) None.

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c National Technology and Science Press
Problem 3.9 Apply nodal analysis to find node voltages V1 to V3 in the circuit of
Fig. P3.9 and then determine Ix .

4A

V2 Ix
3 6
V1 V3
2
2 + 4
_ 48 V

Figure P3.9: Circuit for Problem 3.9.

Solution: At nodes V1 , V2 , and V3 :


V1 V1 V2
Node 1: + 4 = 0 (1)
2 3
V2 V1 V2 48 V2 V3
Node 2: + + =0 (2)
3 2 6
V3 V2 V3
Node 3: + +4 = 0 (3)
6 4
Simplification of the three equations leads to:

5V1 2V2 = 24 (4)


2V1 + 6V2 V3 = 144 (5)
2V2 + 5V3 = 48 (6)

Simultaneous solution of Eqs. (4)(6) leads to:


84 12
V1 = V, V2 = 30 V, V3 = V.
5 5
Hence,
V2 V3 30 12/5
Ix = = = 4.6 A.
6 6

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c National Technology and Science Press
Problem 3.12 The magnitude of the dependent current source in the circuit of
Fig. P3.12 depends on the current Ix flowing through the 10- resistor. Determine Ix .

5
Ix 10 V1 20 V2
+
_ 12.3 V 4 2Ix 2

Figure P3.12: Circuit for Problem 3.12.

Solution: In terms of the designated node voltages V1 and V2 , KCL gives:


V1 12.3 V1 V1 V2
Node 1: + + =0 (1)
10 4 20
V2 V1 V2 12.3 V2
Node 2: + + 2Ix = 0 (2)
20 5 2
In addition,
12.3 V1
Ix = . (3)
10
Solution of the three equations leads to:

V1 = 3.8 V, V2 = 5.8 V, Ix = 0.85 A.

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c National Technology and Science Press
Problem 3.15 Use the supernode concept to find the current Ix in the circuit of
Fig. P3.15.

supernode 2A

6V
V1 V2 0.5 V3
_+
Ix
0.5 4A
0.5

Figure P3.15: Circuit for Problem 3.15.

Solution: The presence of a voltage source between designated nodes 1 and 2 makes
the combination of nodes 1 and 2 a supernode. Hence,
V1 V2 V2 V3
2+ + = 0. (1)
0.5 0.5 0.5
For node 3,
V3 V2
4 + 2 = 0, (2)
0.5
and the auxiliary equation is
V2 V1 = 6. (3)
Combining the three equations leads to:

V1 = 2 V, V2 = 4 V, V3 = 5 V.

Hence,
V2 4
Ix = = = 8 A.
0.5 0.5

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c National Technology and Science Press
Problem 3.16 Apply the supernode technique to determine Vx in the circuit of
Fig. P3.16.

2 k
Supernode
6V V2 6 k
V1 _+ V3

+ 5 k
1 k Vx 4 k
_ +
_ 10 V

Figure P3.16: Circuit for Problem 3.16.

Solution: The combination of nodes V1 and V2 constitutes a supernode. Hence, for


the supernode
V1 V1 V3 V2 10 V2 V3
3
+ + + =0 (1)
10 2 103 5 103 6 103
For node V3 ,
V3 V1 V3 V2 V3
3
+ 3
+ = 0. (2)
2 10 6 10 4 103
The auxiliary equation is
V2 V1 = 6 V. (3)
The three equations can be solved to yield

V1 = 0.38 V, V2 = 6.38 V, V3 = 1.37 V.

Hence,
Vx = V1 = 0.38 V.

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Problem 3.25 Apply nodal analysis to determine Va , Vb , and Vc in the circuit of
Fig. P3.25.
15

10 V
Vb +
Va _ Vc
2.5 10
_
5 3A + 25 V

+
_ 50 V 7.5 5

Figure P3.25: Circuit of Problem 3.25.

Va 50 Va Vb Va Vc
+ + =0
5 2.5 15
Vb Va Vb 10 Vc
+3+ =0
2.5 10
Vc Va Vc Vb + 10 Vc + 25
+ + =0
15 10 5
Solution yields

Va = 20 V, Vb = 10 V, Vc = 10 V.

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c National Technology and Science Press
Problem 3.27 Use mesh analysis to determine the amount of power supplied by the
voltage source in the circuit of Fig. P3.27.

8 I
+
9A I1 2 I2 4 I3 _ 40 V

Figure P3.27: Circuit for Problem 3.27.

Solution:

Mesh 1: I1 = 9 A
Mesh 2: 2(I2 I1 ) + 4(I2 I3 ) = 0
Mesh 3: 4(I3 I2 ) + 8I3 + 40 = 0

Simplification leads to:

6I2 4I3 = 18
4I2 + 12I3 = 40

Solution is:
I2 = 1 A, I3 = 3 A.
Power supplied by voltage source:

P = V I = 40 (3) = 120 W.

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c National Technology and Science Press
Problem 3.28 Determine V in the circuit of Fig. P3.28 using mesh analysis.

4 V 4
+ +
12 V _ I1 2 I2 _ 8V

Figure P3.28: Circuit for Problem 3.28.

Solution:

Mesh 1: 12 + 4I1 + 2(I1 I2 ) = 0


Mesh 2: 2(I2 I1 ) + 4I2 + 8 = 0

Solution is:
28 12
I1 = A, I2 =
A.
16 16
 
28 12
V = 2(I1 I2 ) = 2 + = 5 V.
16 16

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c National Technology and Science Press
Problem 3.29 Apply mesh analysis to find I in the circuit of Fig. P3.29.
1 1
+ I
16 V _ I1 1 I2 1 I3 1

Figure P3.29: Circuit for Problem 3.29.

Solution:

Mesh 1: 16 + I1 + (I1 I2 ) = 0
Mesh 2: (I2 I1 ) + I2 + (I2 I3 ) = 0
Mesh 3: (I3 I2 ) + I3 = 0

Solution is:

I1 = 10 A, I2 = 4 A, I3 = 2 A.
I = (I1 I2 ) = 10 4 = 6 A.

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c National Technology and Science Press
Problem 3.30 Apply mesh analysis to find Ix in the circuit of Fig. P3.30.
5
Ix
5 I2 I3 5
+ I1 10
10 _
21 V _ + 10.5 V

Figure P3.30: Circuit for Problem 3.30.

Solution:

Mesh 1: 21 + 5I1 + 10(I1 I2 ) = 0


Mesh 2: 10(I2 I1 ) + 5I2 + 10(I2 I3 ) = 0
Mesh 3: 10(I3 I2 ) + 5I3 10.5 = 0

Solution is:
13 9 19
I1 = A, I2 = A, I3 = A,
5 5 10
and
9 19 1
Ix = I2 I3 = = = 0.1 A.
5 10 10

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c National Technology and Science Press

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