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Subject4.ChemicalProductDesign
JavierR.ViguriFuente
CHEMICALENGINEERINGANDINORGANIC
CHEMISTRYDEPARTMENT
UNIVERSITYOFCANTABRIA
javier.viguri@unican.es
License:
CreaLveCommonsBYNCSA3.0
INDEX
1.- Introduction
2.- What are chemical products ?
3.- Product and technology development framework
Dialysis devices (devices that effect chemical change), post-it notes, ink-
jet cartridges, transparencies, detergents, diapers, pharmaceuticals.
2.- What are chemical products ?
Basic Chemical Products: Involve well-defined molecules and mixtures of molecules. Not sold
directly to the consumer. Technological inventions normally associated with new materials and less
often with new process/manufacturing and product technologies.
Unit Operations
Basis (Integration- Chemistry Microstructure
Intensification)
Discovery
Feedstock & Science
Risk (Market-
Energy (Interrelation)
Technology)
1. Only very large and very efficient companies can succeed in the commodities
market
Restructuring, reorganization,
Manufacturing
Product Business
Development Development
Technology
Development
Product
Development Concept Feasibility Development Manufacturing
Product
Introduction
3.1. General Methodology to product design
A) Databanks
Pv, , C = F (T)
Ai ni
d
N
ni: number of groups of type 1 in the polymer repeating unit. Ai ni
p[ n] = iN=1
i =1
p[n] = N
N: number of types of groups in the repeating unit
B n i i
Ai: contribution associated with group I
Bi: molecular weight of group I i i
B n
i =1 i =1
d: exponent of each property to be estimated
4.2.- Optimization to locate molecular structure
p p Lj p j (n) pUj
min[ p j (n) p spec
j ]2
n
j =1
ni ( niL , niU ), i = 1,...N
4.3.- Examples of basic chemicals design
POLYMERS DESIGN
Problem: Polymer film o protect an electronic device.
Product-Quality specifications (Constraints): , Tg, W
Objective Function: Minimize the sum of squares of the differences between the estimates
and the specified , Tg, W properties.
Solution: [(CH2)3, (CHCl)6]
* REFRIGERANT DESIGN
Problem: Refrigerant that absorb heat at low T in evaporator an reject heat at T from the
condenser without ozone depletion potential.
Product-Quality specifications (Constraints): Pv (T), hvap
Objective Function: Minimize the sum of squares of the differences between the estimates
and the specified Pv (T), hvap properties.
Solutions: [SF2] and [CH3CHF2]
* SOLVENT DESIGN
Problem: Dissolve dried ink in a lithographic printing process with small latent heat of
vaporization short drying time, low utility cost of vaporization, non flammable.
Product-Quality specifications (Constraints): D, P, H, Kow, Tb, Tm
Objective Function: minimize heat vaporization to reduce drying time and cost of heating
utilities
Solutions: Methyl ethyl cetone, Diethylketone, Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
5.- Product design for industrial chemicals
MIXTURES
Chemical products: mainly mixtures not pure compounds.
Cussler, E., 2011, Education for the New Chemical Industry. XXXII National Meeting of AMIDIQ.
Mexico, May 4,2011
Joback K.G., Reid R.C., 1987, Estimation of Pure-Component Properties from Group
Contributions, Chemical Engineering Communications, 57, 233-243.
Ng, K., Gani, R., Dam-Johansen, K., (eds.), 2007, Chemical Product Design: Toward a
Perspective through Case Studies, Elsevier.
Nimitz, J., Skaggs, S., 1992 , Estimating tropospheric lifetimes and ozone-depletion potentials of
one-and two-carbon hydrofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons. Environmental Science
and Technology, 26 (4), 639-744.
Poling, B., Prausnitz, J., Connell, J., 2001, Properties of Gases and Liquids, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill,
NY.
Seider, W., Seader, J., Lewin, D., Widagdo, S., 2010, Product and Process Design Principles.
Synthesis, Analysis and Evaluation. Third Ed. John Wiley & Sons.
Wei, J., 2007, Product Engineering-Molecular Structure and Property, Oxford University Press.