Stainless steels for

highly corrosive environments

Outokumpu Supra range datasheet

General characteristics
The Supra range contains nine stainless steel products designed for highly corrosive environments (PRE 22 to 27).

Key product

Outokumpu name Typical applications Product forms

Supra 316L/4404 Chemical industry C, H, P, B, R,

Our most widely used molybdenum-alloyed austenitic stainless steel. Supra Petrochemical industry S, T
316L/4404 is a low-carbon alternative and is used in various process Pulp and paper industry
industries and other aggressive environments with higher than average Textile industry
corrosion resistance requirements. Due to its low carbon content, this product Food and beverage industry
is also weldable in thicknesses of more than 56 mm/0.190.23 in. Pharmaceutical industry
Medical applications
Flanges and valves

Alternatives
Outokumpu name Typical applications Product forms

Supra 316/4401 Heat exchangers C, H, P, B, R,

A normal-carbon alternative to Supra 316L/4404 that is widely used for Flanges and valves S, T
various applications.

Supra 316plus Process and transport tanks C, H, P

The highest strength stainless steel in the Supra range. Supra 316plus is Water treatment and pipes
a cost-efficient, 21Cr lower-nickel/molybdenum alternative to traditional Heat exchangers
molybdenum austenitics like Supra 316L. This product has good formability, Architectural applications
excellent weldability, and is usable in cryogenic applications.

Supra 316L/SANS4402 Container tanks C, H, P

A high-strength, high-formability product often used in container transports and
where there is an elevated temperature requirement.

Supra 316L/4432 Drinking water systems C, H, P, B, R,

A product with high resistance to non-oxidizing acids and chloride-containing Cooling systems S, T
media due to higher molybdenum content. Supra 316L/4432 has good Wastewater systems
formability and weldability. Flanges and valves

SUPRA is a trademark of Outokumpu Oyj. Read more at outokumpu.com/supra 1

 Outokumpu name Typical applications Product forms

Supra 316/4436 Pulp and paper industry C, H, P, B, R,

A Supra 316L/4432 alternative with higher carbon content and similar equipment S, T
corrosion resistance. Pharmaceutical industry
equipment
Flanges and valves

Supra 316L/4435 Urea plants C, H, P, B, R,

A Supra 316L/4432 alternative with higher chromium and nickel content for Pulp and synthetic fiber plants S, T
enhanced corrosion resistance and formability. Flanges and valves

Supra 316Ti/4571 Flue gas applications C, H, P, B, R,

A titanium-stabilized, molybdenum-alloyed austenitic alternative to Supra Flanges and valves S, T
316L/4404 mainly used in Germany for elevated temperature applications.
Due to its titanium-stabilization this product is weldable in all thickness ranges.

Nickel-free stainless steels

Outokumpu name Typical applications Product forms

Supra 444/4521 Hot water tanks C, H, P, S

A nickel-free molybdenum alloyed ferritic stainless steel with very good Drinking water pipes
corrosion resistance, good cold formability and high strength. Supra
444/4521 allows for thinner walls in tanks and is not prone to stress-
corrosion cracking.

Product forms:
C = Cold rolled coil and sheet
H = Hot rolled coil and sheet
P = Quarto plate
B = Bar
R = Wire rod
S = Semi-finished (bloom, billet, ingot & slab)
T = Pipe

2 Outokumpu Supra range datasheet outokumpu.com/supra

 Performance
Performance
Product performance comparison
Yield strength
Strength vs. corrosion
vs. corrosion resistance
resistance
Performance
Performance 650
(Rp0.2)

600 Forta 301/4310

Strength vs.
vs. corrosion
corrosion resistance
resistance
Forta 301LN/4318

Strength
strength

Forta LDX 2404

Forta
550 Forta Forta LDX 2101 Forta SDX 2507
650
650 430/ 304/
))
p0.2

4016 4301 Forta EDX 2304 Forta DX 2205

(Rp0.2

Forta Forta SDX 100

500
Yield

FDX 25
600
(R

Forta
600 Forta 301/4310
Forta 301/4310 FDX 27
Forta 301LN/4318
strength

Forta 301LN/4318
450
Yieldstrength

Core 201/4372 Forta LDX 2404

Forta LDX 2404
Forta Supra 316/4401
550
550 Forta Forta
Forta
Forta
LDXDX 2304
2101 Supra 316L/4404
Ultra
Forta SDX4565
2507
Moda Forta Forta LDX 2101 Forta SDX 2507
430/ 304/ Supra 316Ti/4571
S42035/4589 430/ 304/ Ultra 654 SMO
400 4016
4016
4301
4301
Forta DX 2205
Forta EDX 2304 Forta DX 2205
Forta Forta EDX 2304 Forta SDX 100
500
500 Core 301LN/4318 Forta
Core 4622FDX 25
Supra Forta SDX 100
Moda 439M
Yield

Core 201/4372 FDX 25 316plus

Forta
Forta
FDX 27
350 Moda FDX 27
450
450 410L/4003 Core
Core Supra
Core 201/4372
201/4372
Ultra 254 SMO
Core 304LN/ 444/ Supra 316/4401 Ultra 4565
Supra 316/4401 Ultra 4565
Moda 430/4016 434/ 4311 4521Forta DX 2304 Supra 316L/4404
Ultra 4439
300 Core 441/4509 ModaModa
4113
Forta DX 2304 Supra 316L/4404
Supra 316Ti/4571 Ultra 6XN
S42035/4589 Supra 316Ti/4571 Ultra 654 SMO
400 S42035/4589
400 Core 304/4301 Ultra 654 SMO
Moda
Core 301LN/4318 Supra Ultra 725LN
Core 301LN/4318
439/4510 Core 4622 Supra
Supra 316L/4435
Moda 439M Core 201/4372 Core 4622 316plus
250 Moda 439M
Moda Core 201/4372 316plus
350
350
410S/4000
Moda Moda Core 301/4310 Ultra 317L Ultra 904L
Moda 409/4512 Moda Core Supra Ultra 254 SMO
410L/4003 4511 Core Supra Ultra 254 SMO
410L/4003 Core 304LN/ 444/ Core 304L/4307
200 Moda 430/4016
Core
Core 321/4541
434/ 304LN/ 444/
4311 4521 UltraSupra
4439316L/4432
300 Core 441/4509 Moda
300 430/4016 434/
4113 4311 4521Core 304L/4306 UltraSupra
4439316/4436 Ultra 6XN
Core 441/4509 Moda 4113 Core 305/4303 Ultra 6XN
430Ti/4520 Core 347/4550
0 Core 304/4301
Core 304/4301
Moda
Moda
439/4510 Supra 316L/4435
Ultra 725LN
Ultra 725LN
Supra 316L/4435
250 0 10Moda12 14 16
250
Moda 439/4510
18 Core20301/4310
22 24 26 28 Ultra 30317L 32 34 Ultra 36904L 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60
410S/4000
410S/4000 Moda Core 301/4310 Ultra 317L Ultra 904L
Moda 409/4512
Moda 409/4512
Moda
4511
4511
Corrosion resistance (PRE)
Core 304L/4307
200
200 Core 321/4541 Core 304L/4307 Supra 316L/4432
Supra 316L/4432
Core 321/4541 Core 304L/4306
Core 304L/4306 Supra 316/4436
Moda
Moda Core 305/4303
Core 305/4303
PRE316/4436
Supra calculation = %Cr + 3.3 x % Mo + 16 x %N
Elongation vs. corrosion resistance
430Ti/4520 Core 347/4550
430Ti/4520
0 0 Core 347/4550
Note: PRE values shown are Outokumpu typical values. Yield strength (Rp0.2)
0 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34
34 36 36 to 38
32 according 40
40 42
EN 10088-2 44
minimum 46
46 48
44 values 50
for cold 52
50 rolled 54
54 For56
52 strip. more58 60
values
65 0 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 38 42 48 56 58 60
(A80)

Corrosion resistance (PRE)

by product, please see steelfinder.outokumpu.com
Corrosion resistance (PRE)
60
Elongation

Elongation
Elongationvs.
Elongation vs.corrosion
vs. corrosionresistance
corrosion resistance
resistance Core 304/4301
Supra 316/4401
Supra 316L/4404
55 Core 304L/4307 Supra 316Ti/4571
65
65
80))

Core 304L/4306
(A80

Core 305/4303
50
Elongation(A

60
60 Supra 316L/4432
Elongation

Core 201/4372
Supra 316/4436
45 Core 304/4301
Supra 316/4401
Supra 316/4401
Core 304/4301 SupraCore
316L/4404
55
55 Core 304L/4307 Core Supra 316L/4404
Core 304L/4307 347/4550Supra
Supra
316Ti/4571
304LN/4311
316Ti/4571 Ultra 725LN Ultra 6XN
Core
Core 304L/4306 Supra 316L/4435
Core 304L/4306
40 321/
Core 305/4303
Core 305/4303
4541
50
50
Core Forta FDX 27 Ultra 654 SMO
301/4310 Ultra 4439
Ultra 316L/4432
317L Ultra 254 SMO
Supra
Core 201/4372 Supra 316L/4432
35 Core 201/4372 Supra Supra 316/4436
Forta
Supra 316/4436
Ultra 904L
Core 316plus FDX 25
45
45 301LN/4318 Ultra 4565
Core
Core Core
Core 304LN/4311 Ultra 725LN Ultra 6XN
30 347/4550 304LN/4311 Supra 316L/4435 Ultra 725LN Ultra 6XN
Core 347/4550
Moda 439M Forta
Supra 316L/4435
Core
40
40
321/
321/
Core 4622 EDX
Moda 409/4512 4541 Core 2304 Forta SDX 100
4541 Forta FDX 27 Ultra 654 SMO
Core Forta FDX 27 Ultra 654 SMO
301/4310 Ultra 4439 Ultra 254 SMO
25 Moda 4511 Moda301/4310
439/4510 Supra
Ultra 317L
Ultra 317L Ultra 4439 Ultra 254 SMO
35
35 Core
Supra
444/
Supra
Forta
Forta
Ultra 904L
Ultra 904L
Core
Core 321/4541 316plus
4521 FDX 25 Forta DX 2205
347/4550 Core 316plus FDX 25 Ultra 4565
301LN/4318 Ultra
20 301LN/4318 Forta SDX4565
2507
30
30 Moda Moda
Moda 439M
Forta Forta Forta Forta LDX 2404
Moda 439M
430/4016 Core Core 4622
Core DX LDX Forta
410L/ Core 4622 EDX
441/ 434/ 2304 2101 EDX Forta SDX 100
Moda 4003
409/4512 2304
15 Moda 409/4512
Moda 4509 4113 2304 Forta SDX 100
25
25
Moda 4511 Moda
Moda 4511 Moda
S42035/
439/4510
439/4510 Supra
Supra
Core4589 444/
Core 444/
Core 321/4541 4521 Forta DX 2205
0 347/4550
347/4550 Core 321/4541 4521 Forta DX 2205
20 0
20 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 Forta SDX 2507
44 46250748
Forta SDX 50 52 54 56 58 60
Moda Moda Forta Forta Forta LDX 2404
Forta Forta
Moda
410L/
410L/
Moda
430/4016 Core Core
430/4016 Core Core
DX
DX
LDX
LDX
2304 2101
Forta LDX 2404
Corrosion resistance (PRE)
4003 441/ 434/
15
Moda 4003
15 Mildly corrosive environments 441/ 434/
4509
Moda (PRE up 4113
to 17)
2304 2101
Values for Rp 0.2 yield strength and the A80 for elongation are
Moda 4509 4113
S42035/ according to EN 10088-2 min. values for cold rolled strip.
S42035/
Core Corrosive environments (PRE 17 to 22)
4589 Chemical compositions and PRE calculations are based on
4589
Supra0
0 Highly corrosive environments (PRE 22 to 27) Outokumpu typical values.
0
0 and
Forta Duplex 10 12
10other 14
14 16
12high strength
16 18 20
18to 43)
(PRE 18 20 22
22 24
Please26
24 26 28 28 30 30 32
see values for
32 34 34 36
other product forms at
36 38
38 40
40 42
42 44
44MODA,46
46 48 50
48 FORTA, 52
50 ULTRA, 54
52 DURA, 56
54THERMA, 58
56 DECO,
58 60
60
steelfinder.outokumpu.com CORE, SUPRA,
Ultra Extremely corrosive environments (PRE > 27) Corrosion resistance
resistance (PRE)
(PRE)
316PLUS and 153 MA are trademarks of Outokumpu Oyj.
Corrosion
Values for Rp 0.2 yield strength and the A80 for elongation are PRODEC, EDX, FDX, FDX 25, FDX 27, LDX, 253 MA, 254 SMO, 654 SMO,
Moda Mildly corrosive environments (PRE up to 17) Values for R 0.2 yield strength and the A80 for elongation are LDX 2101, LDX 2404 are registered trademarks of Outokumpu Oyj.
Moda Mildly corrosive environments (PRE up to 17) according topEN 10088-2 min. values for cold rolled strip.
Core Corrosive environments (PRE 17 to 22)
PRE calculation
according to EN 10088-2 min. values for cold rolled = %Cr + 3.3 x % Mo + 16 x %N
strip.
Core Corrosive environments (PRE 17 to 22) Chemical compositions and PRE calculations are based on
Chemical compositions and PRE calculations are based on
Supra Highly corrosive environments (PRE 22 to 27) Outokumpu typical values.
Supra Highly corrosive environments (PRE 22 to 27) Outokumpu typical values. Note: PRE values shown are Outokumpu typical values. Elongation (A80)
Please see values for other product forms at
Forta Duplex and other high strength (PRE
150507_outokumpu_range_wallchart-a4-final.indd 4 18
Forta Duplex and other high strength (PRE
to 43)
18 to 43) steelfinder.outokumpu.com according
Please see values for other product forms at to EN 10088-2 minimum MODA,values for cold
CORE, SUPRA, FORTA,rolled
ULTRA, strip. For more
DURA, THERMA, values 10:49
07/05/15
DECO,
steelfinder.outokumpu.com MODA, CORE,
by product, please see steelfinder.outokumpu.com
316PLUS SUPRA,
and 153 MA FORTA, ULTRA, DURA,
are trademarks THERMA,Oyj.
of Outokumpu DECO,
Ultra Extremely corrosive environments (PRE > 27) 316PLUS and 153 MA are trademarks of Outokumpu Oyj.
Ultra Extremely corrosive environments (PRE > 27)
PRODEC, EDX, FDX, FDX 25, FDX 27, LDX, 253 MA, 254 SMO, 654 SMO,
PRODEC,
LDX 2101,EDX,
LDXFDX,
2404FDX
are25, FDX 27, trademarks
registered LDX, 253 MA,
of 254 SMO, 654
Outokumpu Oyj.SMO,
LDX 2101, LDX 2404 are registered trademarks of Outokumpu Oyj.
Outokumpu Supra range datasheet outokumpu.com/supra 3
Products and dimensions
To find the minimum and maximum thickness and width by surface
finish for a specific product in the Supra range, please visit
steelfinder.outokumpu.com

Chemical composition
Supra 316/4401 and Supra 316L/4404 are used in the majority of application areas, and are widely available around the world. Some
applications require more specific properties, and for this reason a number of other closely related austenitic steels, generally with modified
alloying compositions, are also available. These include:

Stainless steels containing nitrogen for higher strength

Stainless steels with lower nickel content to promote higher work hardening
Stainless steels with higher nickel content for specialist cryogenic applications or to increase deep drawability
Stainless steels with titanium stabilization to improve corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures

A nickel-free ferritic alternative, Supra 444/4521, is also available. Supra 444/4512 has good corrosion resistance and excellent deep
drawability.

The chemical composition is given as % by mass.

Outokumpu name C Cr Ni Mo N Others Family

Key products
Supra 316L/4404 0.02 17.2 10.1 2.1 A
Alternatives
Supra 316/4401 0.04 17.2 10.1 2.1 A
Supra 316plus 0.02 20.3 8.6 0.7 0.19 A
Supra 316L/SANS4402 0.02 17.2 10.1 2.1 A
Supra 316L/4432 0.02 16.9 10.7 2.6 A
Supra 316/4436 0.04 16.9 10.7 2.6 A
Supra 316L/4435 0.02 17.3 12.6 2.6 A
Supra 316Ti/4571 0.04 16.8 10.9 2.1 Ti A
Nickel free stainless steel
Supra 444/4521 0.02 18.0 2.0 Nb Ti F
Table uses Outokumpu typical values. The required standard will be fully met as
specified in the order.

For the full chemical composition list for different standards by stainless steel
product, see steelfinder.outokumpu.com

Corrosion resistance
Product name PRE
Pitting Resistance Equivalent is calculated using the
Key grades
following formula: PRE = %Cr + 3.3 x %Mo + 16 x %N. All
Supra 316L/4404 24
products in the Supra range are suitable for highly corrosive
Alternatives
environments.
Supra 316/4401 24
Supra 316plus 26
Surface finish and other factors determine the actual
Supra 316L/SANS4402 24 corrosion resistance of a particular product. Contact us at
Supra 316L/4432 25 outokumpu.com/contacts to discuss what product is right for
Supra 316/4436 25 your next project.
Supra 316L/4435 26
Supra 316Ti/4571 24
Nickel-free stainless steels
Supra 444/4521 25

4 Outokumpu Supra range datasheet outokumpu.com/supra

Corrosion resistance of
Supra range austenitics
Supra range products have excellent corrosion resistance and are
suitable for a wide range of applications.
Uniform corrosion
Uniform corrosion is characterized by a uniform attack on the steel
surface that has come into contact with a corrosive medium. The
corrosion resistance is generally considered good if the corrosion
rate is less than 0.1 mm/0.004 in per year.
Supra range stainless steels are not suitable for load-bearing struc-
tures in swimming pool halls, such as hangers for roof construc-
tions. To address the risk of SCC in pool environments, only the
steel grades given in Eurocode 3, EN 1993-1-4 should be used for
load bearing parts exposed to environments above indoor swim-
ming pools.
Intergranular corrosion
A low carbon content extends the time required for significant
sensitization. Modern steel making methods enable much lower
carbon contents to be achieved.

Supra range stainless steels have a good resistance to uniform
corrosion in many organic and inorganic chemicals. The addition
of molybdenum enhances the alloys corrosion resistance in many
acidic environments. Austenitic stainless steels that contain molyb-
denum are therefore sometimes denoted as acid-proof grades.
This does not, however, mean that these materials will not corrode
in all circumstances. Strong mineral acids at elevated tempera-
tures are environments where even higher alloyed stainless steels
may need to be used. Hydrochloric acid, for example, may cause
uniform corrosion, pitting, and crevice corrosion even at quite low
concentrations and at moderate temperatures. For more details
about highly alloyed products, see the Ultra range.
Pitting and crevice corrosion
Pitting and crevice corrosion typically occur in acidic, neutral, or
slightly alkaline chloride solutions. Supra range products provide
excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion. Resistance
to these types of corrosion is enhanced by increasing the steels
chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen content. Nickel reduces the
pitting propagation rate and facilitates re-passivation after pitting
corrosion has started.
Still, operations that increase the risk of intergranular corrosion are
welding of thick sections, heat treatment operations within the crit-
ical temperature interval 550850 C/10201560 F, and slow
cooling after heat treatment or hot forming. Steels with low carbon
content (< 0.03%) or with a titanium addition have better resist-
ance to intergranular corrosion after such operations.
Corrosion resistance of
Supra range ferritic stainless steels
Outokumpu produces Supra 444/4521 with a typical chromium
content of 18% and molybdenum content of 2% by mass. The
resistance to localized corrosion is close to the Supra 316/4401
acidproof austenitic. Supra 444/4521 is not susceptible to
chloride-induced SCC. In solutions containing chlorides, pitting
and crevice corrosion is possible depending on various parame-
ters such as chloride concentration, temperature, pH value, redox
potential, and crevice geometry. The best material performance is
usually reached with the help of adequate design, correct postweld
treatment, and regular cleaning during use (if applicable).

Atmospheric corrosion
Supra range austenitic stainless steels offer good resistance to
atmospheric corrosion in applications where superficial surface
staining from incipient pitting or crevice corrosion is usually unde-
sirable. These products can normally be used in temperate indus-
trial and coastal areas.
For further information on corrosion resistance, please refer to the
corrosion tables in the Outokumpu Corrosion Handbook, available
from our sales offices.
outokumpu.com/contacts

When high amounts of chlorides or pollutants are present, as is the

case in certain industrial areas or in marine splashing zones, high-
er-alloyed stainless steels from the Ultra range may need to be
considered, especially if the environment is also hot or humid.

In coastal, industrial, or heavily polluted areas, regular washing

can prevent the build up of deposits that can lead to corrosion. A
smooth surface finish supports natural rinsing by rain water and
can prolong the service interval.

Stress corrosion cracking

Supra range austenitics are susceptible to chloride-induced stress
corrosion cracking (SCC). Critical service conditions i.e. applica-
tions subjected to combinations of tensile stresses, temperatures
above about 50 C/120 F, and solutions containing chlorides
should be avoided. Stress corrosion cracking may also occur in
hot, strong alkaline solutions (above 110 C/230 F). Depending
on the specific application, ferritic or duplex stainless steels are
usually more suitable for applications demanding high resistance
to SCC.

Outokumpu Supra range datasheet outokumpu.com/supra 5

Mechanical properties
Outokumpu name Product form Yield strength Yield strength Tensile strength Elongation Elongation
Rp0.2 (MPa) Rp1.0 (MPa) Rm (MPa) A (%) A80 (%)
Key product
Supra 316L/4404 C 240 270 530 680 40 40
H 220 260 530 680 40 40
P 220 260 520 670 45 45
R* 220 260 530 55
B* 400 600 25
Alternatives
Supra 316/4401 C 240 270 530 680 40 40
H 240 270 530 680 40 40
P 220 260 520 670 45 45
R* 190 220 500 55
B* 400 600 25
Supra 316plus C* 380 700 45
H* 390 400 710 45
Supra 316L/SANS4402 C** 290 330 600680 50 50
H** 290 320 590680 48 48
P** 220 260 520670 45 45
Supra 316L/4432 C 240 270 550 700 40 40
H 240 270 550 700 40 40
P 220 260 520 670 45 45
R* 220 260 530 55
Supra 316/4436 C 240 270 550 700 40 40
H 240 270 550 700 40 40
P 220 260 530 730 40 40
R* 220 260 530 55
B* 400 600 25
Supra 316L/4435 C 240 270 550 700 40 40
P 220 260 520 670 45 45
R* 270 310 570 55
B* 400 600 25
Supra 316Ti/4571 C 240 270 540 690 40 40
H 240 270 540 690 40 40
P 220 260 520 670 40 40
B* 400 600 25
Nickel-free stainless steel
Supra 444/4521 C 300 420 640
H 280 400 600
P 300 420 620
Note: Figures according to EN 10088-2 minimum values unless marked otherwise. Product forms:cold rolled coil and sheet (C), hot rolled coil and sheet (H), Quarto
plate (P),wire rod (R ), cold drawn bar, 10 < d 16mm (B). More product forms
*Outokumpu typical values. may be available than shown in the table.
**SANS 50028-7 South African National Standard
For more information, please see steelfinder.outokumpu.com
A80 initial length = 80 mm, A initial length = 5.65S0

The strength of the Supra range austenitic steels increases with
increasing levels of carbon, nitrogen and, to a certain extent,
molybdenum and manganese. Austenitic steels exhibit very high
ductility; they have a high elongation to fracture. The steels are
very tough, a property that extends to cryogenic temperatures.
Ferritic stainless steels typically have higher proof strengths than
austenitic stainless steels. Elongation and forming properties are
equivalent to those of standard carbon steels.
Outokumpu uses the European Standard EN 10088 where appli-
cable. The permitted design values may vary between product
forms; see the relevant specification for the correct value.
Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures
An elevated temperature is usually defined as being up to
500600 C/9301100 F, with high temperature being in
excess of this. Outokumpu Supra range austenitic stainless
steels possess useful elevated and high temperature strength
and oxidation resistance. The highest elevated temperature
strength among these steels is exhibited by the nitrogen-al-
loyed steels and those containing titanium or niobium. Most the
products are approved for pressure vessel applications, with
pressure vessel codes giving design values for temperatures
up to 400 C/750 F. For applications such as heaters, cata-
lytic converters, and furnaces where pressure is not a factor
austenitic corrosion-resistant stainless steels can be used up

6 Outokumpu Supra range datasheet outokumpu.com/supra

 Outokumpu name Product form Yield strength Yield strength Yield strength Elongation
Rp0.2 (ksi) Rp1.0 (ksi) Rm (ksi) A50 (%)
Key product
Supra 316L/4404 C 25 70 40
H 25 70 40
P 25 70 40
R* 32 38
Alternatives
Supra 316/4401 C 30 75 40
H 30 75 40
P 30 75 40
R* 28 32
Supra 316plus C 45 92 35
H 45 92 35
P 45 92 35
Supra 316L/4432 C* 44 48 90
H* 46 52 89
P* 38 41 83
R* 32 38
Supra 316/4436 C* 43 48 87
H* 46 52 89
P* 38 44 86
R* 32 38
Supra 316L/4435 C* 42 46 88
P* 38 44 83
R* 39 45
Supra 316Ti/4571 C 30 75 40
H 30 75 40
P 30 75 40
Nickel-free stainless steel
Supra 444/4521 C 40 60
P 40 60
Note: Figures according to ASTM A240 unless marked otherwise. Product forms:cold rolled coil and sheet (C), hot rolled coil and sheet (H), Quarto
plate (P),wire rod (R ). More product forms may be available than shown in the
*Outokumpu typical values. table.

A50 initial length = 50 mm For more information, please see steelfinder.outokumpu.com

to approximately 800 C/1470 F, depending on specific circum-
stances.
Structural fire resistance
The performance requirements of a stainless steel structure that
may be subjected to accidental fire loading are similar to those
of carbon steel. Supra range austenitic stainless steels generally
retain a higher proportion of their room temperature strength than
carbon steels above temperatures of about 550 C/1000 F, and
a higher proportion of their stiffness at all temperatures.
The behavior of stainless steel differs from that of most other
metals at fire temperatures in that its mechanical proper-
ties (mainly modulus of elasticity and proof strength) are main-
tained comparatively well up to temperatures corresponding to a
30-minute standard fire. The temperature of unprotected stainless
steel after a 30-minute standard fire is 800830 C/14701520 F
depending on the thickness of the material. There are significant
differences in the values of the effective proof strengths used in
structural design between stainless steel grades. For example, the
titanium-stabilized Supra 316Ti/4571 has higher strength values at
elevated temperatures than other stainless steel products. There-
fore, the selection of steel involves balancing the need for elevated
temperature strength.
Where mechanical resistance in the case of fire is required, the
structure should be designed and constructed in such a way that
it maintains its load-bearing function during the relevant fire expo-
sure. EN 1993-1-2 Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures Part
1-2: General rules Structural fire design, 2010 AISC Specification
for Structural Steel Buildings (AISC, 2010c) and Euro Inox Design
Manual for Structural Stainless Steel (2006) give further guidance
on fire design for stainless steels.
Mechanical properties at cryogenic temperatures
Supra range austenitic stainless steels are not susceptible to
brittle fracture in the solution-annealed condition. Due to their high
impact toughness at very low temperatures, they are suitable for
cryogenic applications.

Outokumpu Supra range datasheet outokumpu.com/supra 7

Physical properties
Outokumpu name Density Modulus of Coefficient Thermal Thermal Electrical
[kg/dm3] elasticity at of thermal conductivity capacity resistivity at
20 C [GPa] expansion at 20 C at 20 C 20 C
20100 C [W/(m*K)] [J/(kg*K)] [*mm / m]
[106 / K]
Key product
Supra 316L/4404 8 200 16 15 500 0.75
Alternatives
Supra 316/4401 8 200 16 15 500 0.75
Supra 316plus 7.9 200 16 15 500 0.75
Supra 316L/SANS4402 8 200 16 15 500 0.75
Supra 316L/4432 8 200 16 15 500 0.75
Supra 316/4436 8 200 16 15 500 0.75
Supra 316L/4435 8 200 16 15 500 0.75
Supra 316Ti/4571 8 200 16.5 15 500 0.75
Nickel-free stainless steel
Supra 444/4521 7.7 220 10.4 23 430 0.8

Outokumpu name Density Modulus of Coefficient Thermal Thermal Electrical

[lbm/in3] elasticity of thermal conductivity capacity resistivity
[psi] expansion [Btu/(hr*ft* F)] [Btu/(lbm *F)] [*in]
68-212 F
[in / (in* F)]
Key product
Supra 316L/4404 0.289 29 * 106 8.89 8.7 0.119 29.53
Alternatives
Supra 316/4401 0.289 29 * 106 8.89 8.7 0.119 29.53
Supra 316plus 0.285 29 * 106 8.89 8.7 0.119 29.53
Supra 316L/SANS4402 0.289 29 * 106 8.89 8.7 0.119 29.53
Supra 316L/4432 0.289 29 * 106 8.89 8.7 0.119 29.53
Supra 316/4436 0.289 29 * 106 8.89 8.7 0.119 29.53
Supra 316L/4435 0.289 29 * 106 8.89 8.7 0.119 29.53
Supra 316Ti/4571 0.289 29 * 106 9.17 8.7 0.119 29.53
Nickel-free stainless steel
Supra 444/4521 0.278 31.9 * 106 5.78 13.3 0.103 31.5

Fabrication
Supra range austenitics
Formability
Supra range austenitics can be readily formed by all cold forming
methods. All grades share common forming properties:
Excellent stretch formability
High work-hardening rate
Average strain ratio r of approximately one
The stability of the austenite decreases with lower alloying element
content; more martensite is formed during cold working. In addi-
tion to the chemical composition, the martensite transformation
depends on the forming temperature. At about 150 C/300 F no
martensite is formed even for the most unstable grades. It follows
that the formability of metastable austenitic stainless steels can be
modified by selective heating of the piece being worked.
For very demanding deep drawing applications and for multiple-step
forming operations, stable grades with higher nickel content
are preferable. These stable grades are designed to minimize
martensite formation, but do retain their work-hardening capacity
in the subsequent forming steps. Stable grades can also result
in slightly reduced tool wear, lower elastic springback, and better
dimensional tolerances.
Hot forming
Hot forming can be carried out in the 8501150 C/15502100F
range. For maximum corrosion resistance, forgings should be
annealed at 1070 C/1950 F and rapidly cooled in air or water
after hot forming operations. Slow cooling may have adverse effects
on the ductility and corrosion properties of the product.
Heat treatment
Solution annealing should be performed at 10001100 C/1830
2010 F and followed by rapid cooling in water or air. For titani-
um-stabilized grades, annealing temperatures above 1070 C/1950
F may impair the resistance to intergranular corrosion. Titani-
um-stabilized grades may also be given a stabilizing treatment at
lower temperatures. However, temperatures below 980 C/1790 F
should only be used after due consideration of the intended service

8 Outokumpu Supra range datasheet outokumpu.com/supra

environment. In applications where high residual stresses cannot
be accepted, stress relief treatment may be necessary. This can be
performed by annealing as outlined above.
Supra range austenitic stainless steels cannot be hardened by
heat treatment, but they can be readily hardened by cold working.
Machinability
Due to their high toughness and work hardening behavior, auste-
nitic steels are more difficult to machine than carbon steels but
are still comparatively easy to machine compared to more highly
alloyed stainless steel grades. They require higher cutting forces
than carbon steels, show resistance to chip breaking, and have
a high tendency to built-up edge formation. The best machining
results are obtained by using high-power equipment, sharp tooling,
and a rigid set-up.
Better machinability performance is given by Prodec range vari-
ants, which have been modified for improved machinability. For
more information please see the Prodec range datasheet.
Welding
Supra range austenitic stainless steels have excellent weldability
and are suitable for the full range of conventional welding methods
except oxyacetylene.
In thin sections, autogenous welding may be used. In thicker
sections, products with lower carbon content are preferred. To
ensure that the weld metal properties (e.g. strength and corrosion
resistance) are equivalent to those of the parent metal, matching
or slightly over-alloyed fillers are preferable. In some cases,
however, a differing composition may improve weldability or struc-
tural stability.
Austenitic steels have about 50% higher thermal expansion and
lower heat conductivity compared to ferritic and duplex steels. This
means that larger deformation and higher shrinkage stresses may
result from welding.
Welding
Conventional welding methods and filler materials 316L/309LMO
can be used for Supra 4521. Heat input in welding should been
kept to a minimum. Shielding gases should be based on argon
or helium, and should not contain hydrogen, nitrogen, or carbon
dioxide. Generally, welded structures show lower ductility compared
to that of the base material.
More detailed information about welding procedures can be
obtained from the Outokumpu Welding Handbook, available from
our sales offices.
outokumpu.com/contacts
Surface finishes
A wide variety of surface finishes are available for Supra range
products. Many are produced at the mill, and other surface finishes
can be applied later during processing either at a service center or
after fabrication.
Supra range finishes include 1D, 2B, 2E, and rolled finishes. Deco
range offers Deco BA/2R, polished (#3 and #4), brushed, and
patterned finishes. 2H finishes are available in the Forta range.
The surface finish also plays an important role in influencing the
corrosion resistance of the stainless steel, especially in the case
of atmospheric corrosion or where splashing is common. A smooth
surface finish increases the resistance to corrosion.
In general, the roughness of the hot rolled 1D surface is higher
than cold rolled surfaces. The bright- annealed surface (Deco 2R/
BA) is highly reflective and very smooth compared to the cold
rolled, annealed, pickled, and skin-passed (2B) surface.
More information about surface finishes can be found in the Deco
range brochure.

Generally, post-weld heat treatment is not required. In special

cases where there is a high risk of stress corrosion cracking or
fatigue, stress relief treatment may be considered. In order to
fully restore the corrosion resistance of the weld, the weld oxides
should be removed by pickling.

More detailed information about welding procedures can be

obtained from the Outokumpu Welding Handbook, available from
our sales offices.

outokumpu.com/contacts

Supra range ferritics

Formability
Supra 444/4521 can be formed using typical forming processes
such as folding, bending, and drawing. It has higher minimum
proof strength than a standard austenitic stainless steel like Core
304/4301 in combination with lower work-hardening behavior. Due
to the stabilization, the r value is higher compared to nonstabilized
ferritic stainless steels such as Moda 430/4016. These character-
istics mean excellent deepdrawability.

Outokumpu Supra range datasheet outokumpu.com/supra 9

Standards Certificates
and approvals and approvals
The most commonly used international product standards are Outokumpu meets the most common certifications and approvals
given in the table below. For a full list of standards by product, see around the world, including:
steelfinder.outokumpu.com AD 2000 Merkblatt
Approval of Material Manufacturers
Factory Production Control Certificate
Standards ISO 9001
ISO 14001
Supra range stainless steels meet the following standards: ISO 50001
ISO/TS 16949
Standards NORSOK
Flat products OHSAS 18001
EN ISO 18286 Hot-rolled stainless steel plates Tolerances
on dimensions and shape. For the full list of certificates and approvals by mill, see
EN 10051 Hot-rolled steel strip. outokumpu.com/certificates
EN 10088-1 Stainless steels list of stainless steels
ISO 15510 Stainless steels chemical composition

Contacts and enquiries

EN ISO 9445 Cold-rolled stainless narrow strip, wide strip,
plate/sheet and cut lengths.
ASTM A 480 General requirements for flat-rolled stainless
and heat resisting steel
Contact us
ASTM A 959 Harmonized standard grade compositions for
wrought stainless steels Our experts are ready to help you choose the best stainless steel
ASME IID Materials Physical properties tables product for your next project.
Flat and long products
EN 10028-7 Flat products for pressure purposes outokumpu.com/contacts
Stainless steels
EN 10088-2 Stainless steels sheet/plate and strip for
general purposes
EN 10088-3 Stainless steels semi-finished products, bars,
rods sections for general purposes
EN 10088-4 Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate
and strip
EN 10088-5 Technical delivery conditions for bars, rods
wire, sections and bright products of corrosion
resisting steels for construction purposes
EN 10095 Heat resisting steels and nickel alloys
EN 10151 Stainless steel strip for springs
EN 10302 Creep resisting steels, nickel and cobalt alloys
ASTM A 167 Stainless and heat-resisting Cr-Ni steel plate,
sheet, and strip
ASTM A 176 Stainless and heat-resisting Cr steel plate,
sheet, and strip
ASTM A 240 Heat-resisting Cr and Cr-Ni stainless steel
plate, sheet and strip for pressure vessels
ASTM A276 Stainless steel and heat resisting steel bars
and shapes
ASTM Stainless steel bars for boilers/pressure
A479/479M vessels
ASTM A493 Stainless steel and heat-resisting steel rod and
wire for cold heading and forging
ASTM A555 General requirements for stainless and heat
resistant steel wire and wire rod
ASTM A 666 Austenitic stainless steel sheet, strip, plate, bar
for structural and architectural applications
ASME IIA Materials. Part A
Ferrous Material Specifications

10 Outokumpu Supra range datasheet outokumpu.com/supra

Outokumpu Supra range datasheet outokumpu.com/supra 11
 1561EN-GB:1. May 2015. Erweko, Finland.
Working towards
forever.
We work with our customers and partners to create
long lasting solutions for the tools of modern life
and the worlds most critical problems: clean energy,
clean water, and efficient infrastructure. Because we
believe in a world that lasts forever.

Information given in this data sheet may be subject to alterations without

notice. Care has been taken to ensure that the contents of this publication
are accurate but Outokumpu and its affiliated companies do not accept
responsibility for errors or for information which is found to be misleading.
Suggestions for or descriptions of the end use or application of products or
methods of working are for information only and Outokumpu and its affiliated
companies accept no liability in respect thereof. Before using products
supplied or manufactured by the company the customer should satisfy
himself of their suitability.

MODA, CORE, SUPRA, FORTA, ULTRA, DURA, THERMA and DECO are
trademarks of Outokumpu Oyj.

PRODEC, EDX, FDX, FDX 25, FDX 27, LDX, 253 MA, 254 SMO, 654 SMO, LDX
2101, LDX 2404 are registered trademarks of Outokumpu Oyj.

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