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root@server# ls -l f1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 849 sep 29 11:33 f1
root@server# userdel -r user1
root@server# ls -l f1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 1003 1003 849 sep 29 11:33 f1

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student :0 2015-09-28 12:00 (:0)
student pts/3 2015-09-29 12:49 (:0)

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student@server:~$ ls -l f1
-rwsr-Sr-x 1 user1 grup1 0 oct 1 11:31 f1

student@server:~$ stat f1
File: f1
Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file
Device: 811h/2065d Inode: 2513069 Links: 1
Access: (6745/-rwsr-Sr-x) Uid: ( 1000/ user1) Gid: ( 1000/ grup1)
Access: 2015-10-01 11:31:58.436894059 +0300
Modify: 2015-10-01 11:31:58.436894059 +0300
Change: 2015-10-01 11:32:17.392893266 +0300
Birth: -

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chmod R 6745 /home/infoacad/file2

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# in mod octal
student@server$ umask
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# in mod simbolic
student@server$ umask -S
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