Latihan Kimia Tingkatan 4

Chapter 6 : Electrochemistry
[Final Year Exam SBP Form 4 2016, No 5]
5 Diagram 5 shows the apparatus set-up for the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution using carbon
electrodes.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas elektrolisis larutan natrium klorida dengan menggunakan
elektrod karbon.
Carbon electrode M Carbon electrode N
Elektrod karbon M Elektrod karbon N
0.0005 mol dm-3sodium chloride solution

Larutan natrium klorida, 0.0005 mol dm-3
Diagram 5/Rajah 5
(a) Label the anode in Diagram 5.
Labelkan anod dalam Rajah 5.
[1 mark/ markah]
(b) Write the formulae of all the ions present in the electrolyte.
Tuliskan formula bagi semua ion yang hadir dalam elektrolit itu.
.
[1 mark / markah]
(c) (i) State the name of the ions that is selectively discharge at electrode M.
Nyatakan namakan ion yang dipilih untuk dinyahcaskan di elektrod M.
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / markah]
(ii) State the name of the gas collected in the test tube at electrode M.
Namakan gas yang terkumpul dalam tabung uji pada elektrod M.
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / markah]
(iii) Write the half equation for the reaction at electrode M.
Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di elektrod M.
..............................................................................................................................
[2 marks / markah]
(vi) Describe briefly the chemical test to confirm the product at electrode M.
Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan hasil di elektrod M.
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
[2 marks / markah]
(d) If 0.0005 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution is replaced with 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium chloride
solution.
Jika larutan natrium klorida 0.0005 mol dm-3 digantikan dengan larutan natrium klorida 1.0
mol dm-3.
(i) State the observation at electrode N.

Nyatakan pemerhatian pada elektrod N.
....................................................................................................................
[1 mark / markah]
(ii) Explain your answer in (d)(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di (d)(i).
.........................................................................................................................
.
[2 marks / markah]
[Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 5]
5 Diagram 5 shows two electrolytic cells with different concentration of sodium chloride solution as the
electrolyte.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua sel elektrolisis dengan larutan natrium klorida sebagai elektrolit.
1.0 mol dm-3

0.001 mol dm-3 Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride Carbon electrode solution
solution Elektrod karbon Larutan natrium
Larutan natrium klorida
klorida 1.0 mol dm-3
0.001 mol dm-3
Cell I Cell II
Diagram 5/Rajah 5
(a) Write the formula of all anions and cations present in sodium chloride solution.
Tuliskan formula bagi semua anion dan kation yang terdapat dalam larutan natrium klorida.
Anions : ............................................... Cations : ...................................................

Anion Kation
[2 marks]
(b) Based on Cell I and Cell II in Diagram 5,

Berdasarkan Sel I dan Sel II dalam Rajah 5,
(i) Name the product formed at the anode.

Namakan hasil yang terbentuk di anod.
Cell I : ........................................................................
Sel I
Cell II : .........................................................................
Sel II
[2 marks]
(ii) Write the half equations for the reactions at the anode.
Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas di anod.
Cell I : ......................................................................
Sel I
Cell II : ......................................................................
Sel II
[2 marks]
(c) A colourless gas is produced at the cathode of Cell II and the gas is collected in a test tube. Describe
one chemical test to identify the gas produced.
Gas tanpa warna yang terhasil di katod dalam Sel II telah dikumpulkan dalam sebuah tabung uji.
Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengenalpasti gas itu.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(d) A voltaic cell can generate electricity.

By choosing any two metal strips given in the box, draw a labelled diagram of apparatus set-up of a
voltaic cell that can produce the highest voltage.
Sel voltan boleh menghasilkan arus elektrik.
Dengan memilih mana-mana dua kepingan logam yang diberi dalam kotak, lukiskan satu rajah
berlabel bagi susunan radas sel voltan bagi menghasilkan voltan paling tinggi.
Magnesium strip Copper strip Silver strip

Kepingan Magnesium Kepingan Kuprum Kepingan Argentum
[2 marks]
[MRSM 2016, No 4]
2 Diagram 4.1 shows two metals inserted in a potato that contains phosphoric acid, H3PO4. A student found that the
light emitting diode (LED) bulb is lighted.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan dua logam yang dimasukkan ke dalam kentang yang mengandungi asid fosforik, H3PO4.
Seorang pelajar mendapati mentol diod pemancar cahaya (LED) tersebut menyala.
Magnesium Iron
Magnesium Ferum
(a) Name the type of cell in Diagram 4.1.

Namakan jenis sel dalam Rajah 4.1.
....
[1 mark]
(b)State the energy conversion that occur in the cell stated in (a).
Nyatakan perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam sel yang dinyatakan di (a).
.....
[1 mark]
(c) Write the half equation for the reaction that occurs at positive terminal.
Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindakbalas yang berlaku di terminal positif.
....
[2 marks]
(d)If the experiment is repeated by using a series circuit containing three potatoes, suggest the suitable apparatus to
replace LED to show electrical conductivity.
Sekiranya eksperimen diulang dengan litar sesiri mengandungi tiga biji kentang, cadangkan radas yang sesuai
untuk menggantikan LED bagi menunjukkan kekonduksian elektrik.
.....
[1 mark]
(e) A teacher asks the students to modify the above cell to produce brighter LED light as shown in Diagram 4.2.
Seorang guru mengarahkan pelajar-pelajarnya untuk mengubahsuai sel di atas supaya cahaya LED yang
terhasil lebih terang seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.2
Magnesium Metal X
Magnesium Logam X
Diagram 4.2/ Rajah 4.2

(i) State one example of metal X.
Nyatakan satu contoh logam X.
.....
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer in e(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di e(i).
.....
[1 mark]
51
[SBP 2016, No 3]
3. Diagram 3 shows the set-up of apparatus to purify the impure copper metal by using electrolysis process.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan alat radas untuk menulenkan logam kuprum tak tulen dengan
menggunakan kaedah elektrolisis.
Diagram 3/Rajah 3
(a) What is the function of cell Q?
Apakah fungsi sel Q?
...
[1 mark]
(b) Suggest a substance that can be used as

Cadangkan bahan yang boleh digunakan sebagai
Electrode X/ Elektrod X: .. Solution Y/
Larutan Y: .....
[2 marks]
(c) At cell Q, there are colourless gas bubbles produce at electrode X.

Pada sel Q, terdapat gelembung-gelembung gas tidak berwarna terbebas di elektrod X.
i. Write the half equation for the formation of the gas.

Tulis persamaan setengah untuk pembentukan gas tersebut.

[1 mark]
ii. Describe briefly a chemical test to confirm the gas produced.

Huraikan secara ringkas satu ujian kimia bagi mengenalpasti gas yang terhasil.

[2 marks]
52
Chapter 7 : Asid and Bases
[SPM 2016, No 5]
5. Table 5 shows the information about acids X and Y.

Jadual 5 menunjukkan maklumat mengenai asid X dan asid Y.
Acid X Acid Y
Asid X Asid Y
Use in making fruit pickles Use in lead-acid accumulator
Digunakan dalam pembuatan Digunakan dalam akumultor
jeruk buah asid-plumbum
Monoprotic acid Diprotic acid

Asid monoprotik Asid diprotik
pH = 4.8 pH = 1.0
Table 5/ Jadual 5
(a) State the meaning of acid.
Nyatakan maksud asid.
..................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) State the name of acids.

Nyatakan nama bagi asid itu.
53
Acid X : ....................................... Acid Y :....................................................

Asid X Asid Y
[2 marks]
(c) Both acids X and Y have the same concentration. Explain why the pH values for both acids in Table 5
are different.
Kedua dua asid X dan asid Y mempunyai kepekatan yang sama. Jelaskan mengapa nilai pH bagi
kedua- dua asid dalam Jadual 5 adalah berbeza.
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(d) When 0.5 mol zinc carbonate is added into excess acid Y, effervescence occurs;
Apabila 0.5 mol zink karbonat ditambah ke dalam asid Y yang berlebihan, pembuakan berlaku;
(i) By using acid Y that stated in 5(b), write a chemical equation for the reaction.
Dengan menggunakan asid Y yang dinyatakan di 5(b), tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas
itu.
........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the volume of gas produced at room condition.
[Molar volume of gas at room conditions = 24 dm3 mol-1]
Hitung isipadu gas yang terhasil pada keadaan bilik.
[Isipadu molar gas pada keadaan bilik= 24 dm3 mol-1]
[2 marks]
(iii) Describe a chemical test to identify the gas produced.
Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengenal pasti gas yang terhasil.
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
54
[Final Year Exam SBP Form 4 2016, No 6]
6 (a) Table 6 shows the concentration of nitric acid and ethanoic acid.
Jadual 6 menunjukkan kepekatan asid nitrik dan asid etanoik.
Acid Concentration (mol dm-3)

Asid Kepekatan (mol dm-3)
Nitric acid
0.100
Asid nitrik
Ethanoic acid
0.100
Asid etanoik
Table 6/Jadual 6
(i) Which acid gives a higher pH value.

Asid yang manakah memberikan nilai pH yang lebih tinggi.
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / markah]
(ii) Explain your answer in a(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di (a)(i).
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
[2 marks / markah]
(b) 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution is put into a conical flask. Then a few drops of
phenolphthalein solution is added. This solution is titrated with nitric acid.
25 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 0.1 mol dm-3 dimasukkan ke dalam kelalang kon.
Kemudian beberapa titis larutan fenoltalein ditambah. Larutan dititratkan dengan asid nitrik.
(i) State the type of reaction between sodium hydroxide solution and nitric acid
solution. Nyatakan jenis tindak balas antara larutan natrium hidroksida dengan
larutan asid nitrik.
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / markah]
(ii) What is the colour change of the mixture in the conical flask at the end point?
Apakah perubahan warna campuran di dalam kelalang kon pada takat akhir?
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / markah]
(iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / markah]
55
(iv) Calculate the volume of nitric acid used.

Hitungkan isi padu asid nitrik yang digunakan.
[2 marks / markah]
(v) The experiment is repeated using sulphuric acid of the same concentration to replace
nitric acid. What is the volume of sulphuric acid needed to neutralize sodium hydroxide
solution completely? Explain your answer.
Experimen itu diulangi dengan menggunakan asid sulfurik pada kepekatan yang sama
bagi menggantikan asid nitrik
Apakah isi padu asid sulfurik yang diperlukan untuk meneutralkan larutan natrium
hidroksida dengan lengkap? Terangkan jawapan anda.
........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
.
[3 marks / markah]
[Terengganu 2016, No 5]
3 Table 5 shows the information about four solutions; P, Q, R and S.

P, Q, R and S may be acid or alkali.
Jadual 5 menunjukkan maklumat tentang empat larutan P, Q, R dan S.
Larutan P, Q, R dan S mungkin asid atau alkali.
Solution Information pH value

Larutan Maklumat Nilai pH
Ionised completely in water

P 2
Mengion lengkap dalam air
Ionised partially in water

Q 6
Mengion separa lengkap dalam air
Ionised completely in water

R 13
Mengion lengkap dalam air
Ionised partially in water

S 8
Mengion separa lengkap dalam air
Table 5 / Jadual 5
56
(a) State the meaning of alkali.

Nyatakan maksud alkali.
...
...
[1 mark]
(b) Based on Table 5, state the
Berdasarkan Jadual 5, nyatakan
(i) strong alkali / alkali kuat : .... (ii)
weak acid / asid lemah : .....

[2 marks]
(c) Diagram 5.1 shows a bottle of powder malic acid.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan sebotol serbuk asid malik.
Diagram 5.1 / Rajah 5.1
Malic acid is a weak acid which is found naturally in green apples and in a wide variety of unripe
fruits.
Asid malik merupakan suatu asid lemah yang wujud secara semula jadi dalam epal
hijau dan juga dalam pelbagai jenis buah-buahan yang belum masak.
Describe a chemical test to prove that the malic acid is an acid.

Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk membuktikan bahawa asid malik merupakan suatu asid.
...
...
...
[3 marks]
(d) Diagram 5.2 shows a volumetric flask containing 500 cm 3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide
solution. This solution is known as a standard solution.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan sebuah kelalang volumetrik yang mengandungi 500 cm3 larutan
natrium hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3. Larutan ini dikenali sebagai larutan piawai.
57
Graduation mark
Tanda senggatan
500 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3

sodium hydroxide solution
500 cm3 larutan natrium
hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3
(i) To prepare the standard solution in Diagram 5.2, a student added x g of solid sodium
hydroxide into a 500 cm3 volumetric flask. Then, distilled water is added until
graduation mark is reached. Calculate the value of x.
Untuk menyediakan larutan piawai seperti dalam Rajah 5.2, seorang pelajar telah
menambahkan x g pepejal natrium hidroksida ke dalam sebuah kelalang volumetrik
500 cm3. Kemudian, air suling ditambahkan sehingga mencapai tanda senggatan.
Hitungkan nilai x.
[Molar mass of sodium hydroxide, NaOH = 40]
[Jisim molar bagi natrium hidroksida, NaOH = 40]
[2 marks]
(ii) The standard solution in Diagram 5.2 is used to determine the concentration of a
sample of sulphuric acid by titration method.
Diagram 5.3 shows the apparatus set-up used.
Larutan piawai dalam Rajah 5.2 digunakan untuk menentukan kepekatan satu
contoh asid sulfurik menggunakan kaedah pentitratan.
Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan susunan alat radas yang digunakan.
Sulphuric acid
Asid sulfurik
50.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution

+ phenolphthalein indicator
50.0 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3
+ penunjuk fenolftalein

58
Complete neutralisation of 50.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution required 25.0
cm3 of the sulphuric acid.
Peneutralan lengkap 50.0 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3 memerlukan
25.0 cm3 asid sulfurik.
Calculate the concentration of the sulphuric acid in mol dm-3.

Hitungkan kepekatan asid sulfurik tersebut dalam mol dm-3.
[3 marks]
4 (a) Table 4 shows the pH value of different concentration of ethanoic acid solutions.
Jadual 4 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi larutan asid etanoik dalam kepekatan yang berbeza.
Set Concentration (mol dm-3) pH value

Set Kepekatan, (mol dm-3) Nilai pH
I 0.1 3
II 0.01 4
Table 4 /Jadual 4
(i) Draw the structural formula of ethanoic acid.

Lukiskan formula struktur bagi asid etanoik.
[1 mark]
(ii) The pH values of ethanoic acid in set I and set II are different. Give a reason.
Nilai pH asid etanoik di dalam set I dan set II adalah berbeza. Berikan satu alasan.
.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
59
(b) Diagram 4 shows the series of reactions involving ammonia.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu siri tindak balas yang melibatkan ammonia.
60
+ Solvent X
Ammonia + Pelarut X Solution P
Ammonia Larutan P
Process Y + Nitric acid

Proses Y + Asid nitrik
Solution Q
Larutan Q
Diagram 4/ Rajah 4
(i) Write the chemical formula of ammonia.

Tuliskan formula kimia bagi ammonia.
.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) State the type of particles in ammonia.

Nyatakan jenis zarah dalam ammonia.
.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) Solution P change red litmus paper to blue. State the particle that cause the changes.
Larutan P menukarkan kertas litmus merah ke biru.
Nyatakan zarah yang menyebabkan perubahan itu.
.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iv) Write a balanced chemical equation for reaction between solution P and nitric acid.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas antara larutan P dengan asid nitrik.
.........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(v) Name process Y.
Namakan proses Y.
.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(vi) Describe briefly how to confirm the present of anion in solution Q.

Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana anda dapat mengesahkan anion yang terdapat di dalam
larutan Q.
.........................................................................................................................................
61 Modul Analisis Bertopik Kimia Tingkatan 4
Koleksi Soalan SPM 2016 & Percubaan SPM Negeri 2016
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
[Kedah 2016, No 4]
4. Diagram 4.1 shows the reading of pH meter, dipped into acid solutions P, Q, R and S.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan bacaan meter pH, yang dicelup ke dalam larutan asid P, Q, R dan S.
pH1.0 pH2.0 pH3.0 pH4.0
Solution P Solution Q Solution R Solution S

Larutan P Larutan Q Larutan R Larutan S
Diagram 4.1/Rajah 4.1

(a) State the meaning of acid.
Nyatakan maksud asid.
..................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Which of the solutions has the lowest degree of ionisation?

Larutan yang manakah mempunyai darjah pengionan yang terendah?
..................................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) Solution P, Q, R and S have different pH values.

Larutan P, Q, R dan S mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza.
(i) Which solution is a strong acid?

Larutan manakah adalah suatu asid kuat?
........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Based on the concentration of hydrogen ion, explain your answer in c(i).
Berdasarkan kepekatan ion hidrogen, terangkan jawapan anda dalam c(i).
.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[MRSM 2016, No 3]
3 Table 3 shows the information of two substances; E and F.

Jadual 3 menunjukkan maklumat bagi dua bahan; E dan F.
Substance E F
Bahan
As food flavouring and As electrolyte in car battery.

preservative. Sebagai elektrolit dalam bateri
Sebagai perisa dan pengawet kereta.
makanan.
Uses
Kegunaan
Table 3/ Jadual 3
(a) (i) State the ion that causes the acidic properties of E and F.
Nyatakan ion yang menyebabkan sifat keasidan bagi E dan F.
....
[1 mark]
(ii) State one example for substance E and F.

Nyatakan satu contoh bahan E dan F.
E: .. F : ....
[2 marks]
(iii) At the same concentration, pH value of E is higher than F. Explain why?

Pada kepekatan yang sama, nilai pH bagi E adalah lebih tinggi daripada F. Jelaskan mengapa?
....
[1 mark]
(iv) Describe a chemical test to verify substance F.

Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengesahkan bahan F.
....
[1 mark]
(b) The chemical equation for the reaction between acid H2X and zinc carbonate powder is as
follows:
Persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di antara asid H2X dan serbuk zink karbonat adalah seperti
berikut:
H2X + ZnCO3 ZnX + CO2 + H2O
Acid H2X reacts with zinc carbonate to produce 448 cm3 of carbon dioxide gas at standard
temperature and pressure. Calculate the mass of zinc carbonate used in this reaction.
[Relative atomic mass; Zn = 65, C = 12, O = 16, Molar volume of gas = 22.4 dm 3 mol-1]
Asid H2X bertindak balas dengan zink karbonat untuk menghasilkan 448 cm3 gas karbon dioksida
pada suhu dan tekanan piawai. Kira jisim zink karbonat yang digunakan dalam tindak balas ini.
[Jisim atom relatif; Zn = 65, C = 12, O = 16, Isipadu molar gas = 22.4 dm3mol-1]
[3 marks]
[JUJ Pahang 2016, No 4]
4. (a) Diagram 4.1 shows the pH values of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid with the same
concentration.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi asid hidroklorik dan asid etanoik dengan kepekatan yang
sama.
pH meter
Meter pH
1.0 5.0
(i) Which of the acid in Diagram 4.1 is a weak acid?

Asid yang manakah di dalam Rajah 4.1 adalah asid lemah?

[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Explain why hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid with same concentration has
different pH value?
Terangkan mengapa asid hidroklorik dan asid etanoik dengan kepekatan yang
sama mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza?

[2 marks]
(b) Diagram 4.2 shows the steps in preparing the standard solution of 0.4 mol dm -3 sodium
hydroxide, NaOH.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan langkah-langkah penyediaan larutan piawai natrium hidroksida,
NaOH 0.4 mol dm-3.
Distilled water Volumetric

Air suling Sodium flask
hydroxside Kelalang
Natrium volumetrik
hidroksida
Step I Step II Step III Step IV
Langkah I Langkah II Langkah III Langkah IV
(i) What is the meaning of standard solution?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan larutan piawai?

[1 mark]
(ii) Why the standard solution of sodium hydroxide is prepared in the volumetric
flask?
Mengapakah larutan piawai natrium hidroksida disediakan dalam kelalang
volumetrik?

[1 mark]
(iii) After all the sodium hydroxide solution in step II is poured into the volumetric
flask, the beaker, glass rod and the filter funnel must be rinsed with distilled water
and transferred into the volumetric flask.
Give a reason.
Selepas semua larutan natrium hidroksida dalam langkah II dituangkan ke
dalam kelalang volumetrik, bikar, rod kaca dan corong turas perlu dibilas
dengan air suling dan dipindahkan ke dalam kelalang volumetrik. Berikan satu
sebab.

[1 mark]
(iv) Write the formula that represents the relationship between the number of mole
(n), molarity (M) and volume (V) for the solution.
Tulis rumus yang mewakili hubungan antara bilangan mol(n), kemolaran(M)
dan isipadu (V) bagi larutan itu.

[1 mark]
(v) Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide needed to prepare 0.4 mol dm -3 sodium
hydroxide solution in 250 cm3 volumetric flask
[Given that the relative molecular mass of NaOH = 40 g mol-1]
Hitungkan jisim natrium hidroksida yang diperlukan untuk menyediakan 0.4 mol
dm-3 larutan natrium hidroksida di dalam kelalang volumetrik 250 cm3.
[Diberi jisim molekul relatif NaOH = 40 g mol-1]
[2 marks]
[Pahang 2016, No 4]
4. (a) Diagram 4.1 shows the pH value of hydrochloric acid and acid X of the same molarity.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi asid hidroklorik dan asid X yang mempunyai kemolaran
yang sama.
1.0 Hydrochloric acid 4.0 Acid X

Asid hidroklorik Asid X
Beaker M Koleksi Soalan SPM 2016 & Percubaan SPM Negeri 2016
Bikar M Beaker N
Bikar N
Diagram 4.1/ Rajah
4.1
(i) Based on the information in Diagram 4.1, suggest acid X.

Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Rajah 4.1, cadangkan asid X.
................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]
(ii) Explain why the pH value of aqueous solution of acid X is higher than the pH
value of hydrochloric acid
Jelaskan mengapa nilai pH larutan akueus asid X lebih tinggi berbanding nilai pH asid
hidroklorik.
................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(iii) When water is added into beaker M, what happen to the pH value of the hydrochloric
acid? Give reason to your answer.
Apabila air ditambahkan ke dalam bikar M, apakah yang akan terjadi pada nilai pH
asid hidroklorik? Berikan alasan anda.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(b) Diagram 4.2 shows the steps involved in the preparation of a standard solution X.
Calculate the mass of X solute needed

Hitung jisim bahan terlarut X yang diperlukan
Weight out the exact mass of X solute

needed
Timbang jisim bahan terlarut X dengan tepat
Dissolve the solute X in a small amount of distilled water

Larutkan bahan terlarut X ke dalam sejumlah kecil air suling
Transfer the dissolved X solute into a suitable volumetric

flask
Pindahkan larutan X ke dalam kelalang volumetrik yang bersesuaian
Add enough water until reach graduation

mark.
Tambah air sehingga mencapai tanda senggatan.
Standard solution X
Larutan piawai X
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan langkah-langkah yang terlibat dalam penyediaan larutan piawai X.

(i) State the meaning of standard solution
Nyatakan maksud larutan piawai.
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) The concentration of standard solution X produced is 1.0 mol dm-3. By using the
standard solution produced, Nazmi need to prepare solution X with a lower
concentration. Name the method used to prepare a solution with lower concentration.
Kepekatan larutan piawai X yang terhasil adalah 1.0 mol dm -3. Dengan menggunakan
larutan piawai yang dihasilkan, Nazmi perlu menyediakan larutan X dengan kepekatan
yang lebih rendah. Namakan kaedah yang perlu digunakan untuk menyediakan larutan
dengan kepekatan yang lebih rendah.
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) A volumetric flask is more suitable to be used to prepare standard solution

rather than a beaker. Why?
Kelalang volumetric lebih sesuai digunakan untuk menyediakan larutan piawai
berbanding bikar. Mengapa?
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iv) Calculate the volume of 2.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4 needed to prepare 100 cm3
of
-3
1.0 mol dm sulphuric acid, H2SO4.
Hitung isipadu 2.0 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik, H2SO4 yang diperlukan untuk
menyediakan 100 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik, H2SO4.
[2 marks]
Chapter 8 : Salts
[SPM 2016, No 6]
6 Shell of snails, cockles and oysters contain a chemical substance called calcium carbonate salt.
Cengkerang bagi siput, kerrang dan tiram mengandungi bahan kimia yang dikenali sebagai garam
kalsium karbonat.
(a) (i) State the type of salt in terms of solubility.

Nyatakan jenis garam itu dari segi keterlarutan.
............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Calcium carbonate can be prepared through double decomposition reaction in the
laboratory. Suggest two chemical substances that can be used to prepare the salt.
Kalsium karbonat boleh disediakan melalui tindak balas penguraian ganda dua dalam
makmal. Cadangkan dua bahan kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk menyediakan
garam itu.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(iii) By using the suggested chemical substances in 6(a)(ii), write a chemical equation for the
reaction.
Dengan menggunakan bahan kimia yang telah dicadangkan di 6(a)(ii), tulis
persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.
............................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(b) You are given salt Z which releases colured gas P and oxygen gas when heated. The salt also
dissolves in water to form an aqueous solution of Z as shown in Diagram 6.
Anda diberi garam Z yang membebaskan gas P yang berwarna dan gas oksigen apabila
dipanaskan. Garam ini juga larut dalam air untuk membentuk larutan akueus Z seperti yang
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 6.
Diagram 6/ Rajah 6
hydrochloric acid Iron(II) chloride solution
Asid hidroklorik 7 Larutan ferum(II) klorida
Modul Analisis Bertopik Kimia Tingkatan 4
Excess Iron(II) oxide
Iron(II) oxide Ferum(II )oksida
Ferum(II) oksida berlebihan
Iron(II) chloride crystal

Hablur ferum(II) klorida
Heat
Heat Panaskan
Panaskan
Iron(II) chloride solution
Larutan ferum(II) klorida Diagram 5
(i) State the observation when gas P is tested with moist litmus paper.
Nyatakan pemerhatian apabila gas P diuji dengan kertas litmus lembap.
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) State the anion present in the aqueous solution of Z.

Nyatakan anion yang hadir dalam larutan akueus Z.
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) As a chemistry student, explain how would you verify the anion mentioned in 6(b)(ii).
Sebagai seorang pelajar kimia, terangkan bagaimana anda dapat mengesahkan anion
yang dinyatakan di 6(b)(ii).
........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
.
[4 marks]
[JUJ Pahang 2016, No 5]
5. Diagram 5 shows the set-up of apparatus for the preparation of iron(II) chloride when excess
iron(II) oxide powder is added into hydrochloric Salt
acid.solution
Larutan garam
Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi penyediaan ferum(II) klorida apabila serbuk
ferum(II) oksida berlebihan ditambahkan kepada asid hidroklorik.
Rajah 5
Crystal of salt
Hablur garam
Heat
Heat
Panaskan
Panaskan
(a) (i) State the colour of iron(II) chloride solution.

Nyatakan warna larutan ferum(II) klorida.
.............
[1 mark]
(ii) State a reason why iron(II) oxide powder is added until excess.
Nyatakan satu sebab mengapa serbuk ferum(II) oksida ditambah
sehingga berlebihan.
...........
[1 mark]
(iii) Write the chemical equation between iron(II) oxide and hydrochloric acid.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi ferum(II) oksida dan asid hidroklorik.
.................
[2 marks]
(iv) Can iron powder replace iron(II) oxide in the experiment?

Bolehkah serbuk ferum digunakan untuk menggantikan ferum (II) oksida
dalam eksperiment ini?
...............
[1 mark]
(b) State a chemical test to verify the present of chloride ion.

Nyatakan ujian kimia untuk menentusahkan kehadiran ion klorida.
.....................
.....................
............................
[2 marks]
(c) Iron (II) chloride produced from the experiment react with substance X to form
iron(II) carbonate salt.
Ferum(II) klorida yang dihasilkan daripada eksperimen itu ditindak balaskan
dengan bahan X untuk menghasilkan garam ferum(II) karbonat.
(i) Suggest substance X

Cadangkan bahan X.
...............
[1 mark]
(ii) Name the types of reaction involved.
Namakan jenis tindak balas yang terlibat.
...............
[1 mark]
(iii) Briefly describe how to prepare iron(II) carbonate salt.

Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana menyediakan garam ferum(II) karbonat.
...............
...............
...............
[2 mark]
[Pahang 2016, No 5]
5. Diagram 5 shows a flowchart for the formation of precipitate V and solution W.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan carta alir bagi penghasilan mendakan V dan larutan W.
Lead(II) nitrate solution

Larutan plumbum(II)
nitrat Reaction M
Tindak balas M Precipitate V Solution W
+
Mendakan V Larutan W
Sodium chloride solution

Larutan natrium klorida
Diagram 5/ Rajah 5
(a) Identify precipitate V and solution W.

Kenal pasti mendakan V dan larutan W.
Precipitate V :...
Mendakan V
Solution W :...
Larutan W
[2 marks]
(b) (i) State the name of reaction M.
Nyatakan nama bagi tindak balas M.
.....
[1 mark]
(ii) Write the chemical equation for reaction M.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas M.
.....
[2 marks]
(c) Calculate the mass of precipitate V formed in the reaction if 50 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 lead (II)
nitrate solution is used. [Relative atomic mass : Cl=35 ; Pb=207]
Hitungkan jisim mendakan V yang terbentuk di dalam tindak balas itu jika 50 cm 3 larutan
plumbum (II) nitrat 1.0 mol dm-3 digunakan. [Jisim atom relatif Cl=35; Pb=207]
[2 marks]
(d) Describe briefly chemical test to verify the anion in solution W.

Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk menentusah anion dalam larutan W.
..
..
..
..
[3 marks]
(d) If sodium chloride solution is replaced with potassium chloride solution of the same volume and
concentration, predict the mass of the precipitate formed.
Jika larutan natrium klorida digantikan dengan larutan kalium klorida yang sama isipadu dan
kepekatannya ramalkan jisim mendakan terbentuk.
....
[1 mark]
[Perlis 2016, No 6]
6 Diagram 6 shows the conversion of lead(II) nitrate.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan pertukaran bagi plumbum(II) nitrat.
I Solid salt P
Lead(II) nitrate solution
Na2CO3 solution Pepejal garam P
Larutan plumbum(II) nitrat
Larutan Na2CO3
Heated
II Dipanaskan
Solid Q Gas R
Pepejal Q + Gas R
Diagram 6/Rajah 6
(a) (i) Write the chemical formulae of lead(II) nitrate.

Tuliskan formula kimia untuk plumbum(II) nitrat.
(ii) State the name of reaction I

Nyatakan nama tindak balas I
[2 marks]
(b) Based on Diagram 6, identify salt P, solid Q and gas R.

Berdasarkan Rajah 6, kenal pasti garam P, pepejal Q dan gas R.
P: ..
Q: .
R: .
[3 marks]
(c) State the colour of solid Q.

Nyatakan warna pepejal Q.
.
[1 mark]
(d) (i) Draw a labelled diagram for heating solid salt P in Reaction II.
Lukiskan gambar rajah berlabel untuk pemanasan pepejal garam P dalam
tindak balas II.
[2 marks]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for reaction (d)(i).

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di (d)(i).

[1 mark]
(e) Marina has heated 2.67 g salt P in the laboratory.

Calculate volume of gas R released at room condition.
[Molar mass solid salt P = 267 g mol-1 ; 1 mol gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions]
Marina telah memanaskan 2.67 g garam P dalam makmal.
Hitungkan isipadu gas R yang dibebaskan dalam keadaan bilik.
[Jisim molar pepejal garam P = 267 g mol-1 ; 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]
[2 marks]
[SBP 2016, No 4]
4 Diagram 4 shows three types of salt that is commonly found in school laboratories and widely
used in various industries.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan tiga jenis garam yang biasa dijumpai di makmal sekolah dan banyak
digunakan dalam pelbagai industri.
Magnesium nitrate Lead(II) carbonate Copper(II) sulphate

Magnesium nitrat Plumbum(II) karbonat Kuprum(II) sulfat
Diagram 4/ Rajah 4
Based on Diagram 4;
Berdasarkan Rajah 4;
a) (i) State the name of one soluble salt.
Nyatakan nama satu garam terlarutkan.

[1 mark]
(ii) Write the chemical formula of the salt.

Tuliskan formula kimia garam tersebut.

[1 mark]
(iii) What is the colour of the solid salt mention in (a)(i)?
Apakah warna garam pepejal yang dinyatakan dalam (a)(i)?

[1 mark]
b) 26.7 g of the carbonate salt was decomposed when strongly heated.

26.7 g garam karbonat tersebut telah terurai apabila di panaskan dengan kuat.
(i) What can be observed after solid carbonate salt is heated?

Apakah yang dapat diperhatikan selepas pepejal garam karbonat dipanaskan?

[1 mark]
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation to show the decomposition process occurred.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang untuk menunjukkan proses penguraian yang
berlaku.

[1 mark]
(iii) Determine the maximum volume of gas released from the decomposition process.
Tentukan isipadu maksimum gas yang terbebas daripada proses penguraian ini.
[Relative atomic mass: Pb = 207; O = 16; C = 12; 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm 3 at room
conditions]
[Jisim atom relatif: Pb = 207; O = 16; C = 12; 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada
keadaan bilik]
[2 marks]
c) Describe briefly how you can verify the present of anion in the sulphate salt.
Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana anda dapat mengesahkan kehadiran anion di dalam
garam sulfat tersebut.

[3 marks]
Chapter 9 : Manufactured Substances In Industries
[Terengganu 2016, No 1]
1 Diagram 1 show stages of chemical reactions that involved in the Process Y in producing of
sulphuric acid.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat tindakbalas kimia yang terlibat dalam Proses Y bagi
penghasilan asid sulfurik.
Stage 1 / Peringkat 1 :
S + O2 SO2
2SO2 + O2 2 SO3
SO3 + H2S2O7
H2S2O7 + H2O 2H2SO4
Diagram 1 / Rajah 1
(a) (i) State the name of process Y

Nyatakan nama bagi proses Y.

[1 mark]
(ii) Complete the chemical equation for Stage 3 in the Diagram 1.

Lengkapkan persamaan kimia untuk Peringkat 3 dalam Rajah 1.
[1 mark]
(b) (i) State one substance from Process Y that gives the effect to environment.
Nyatakan satu bahan daripada Proses Y yang memberi kesan kepada alam sekitar.

[1 mark]
(ii) Explain how the substance that you have stated in question (b) (i) can pollute the
environment.
Terangkan bagaimana bahan yang anda nyatakan dalam soalan b(i) boleh
mencemarkan alam sekitar.

[2 marks]
(c) Fertilizer ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4 can be produced from sulphuric acid.
Baja ammonium sulfat, (NH4)2SO4 boleh dihasilkan daripada asid sulfurik.
(i) State the chemical formula of substance that added to sulphuric acid to produced
ammonium sulphate.
Nyatakan formula kimia bahan yang ditambah kepada asid sulfurik
untuk menghasilkan ammonium sulfat.

[1 mark]
(ii) Urea, (NH2)2CO and ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4 are two types of fertilizer.
Calculate the percentage of nitrogen by mass in both fertilizers. Then, which substance
is a better fertilizer for the growth of plants.
[Relative atomic mass : H=1 ; C=12 ; N=14 ; O=16 ; S=32]
Urea, (NH2)2CO dan ammonium sulfat, (NH4)2SO4 merupakan dua jenis baja.
Hitungkan peratus nitrogen terhadap jisim bagi kedua-dua baja tersebut. Seterusnya,
tentukan baja yang lebih baik bagi pertumbuhan tumbuhan.
[Jisim atom relatif : H=1 ; C=12 ; N=14 ; O=16 ; S=32]
% nitrogen by mass of urea % nitrogen by mass of ammonium sulphate

% nitrogen terhadap jisim bagi urea % nitrogen terhadap jisim bagi ammonium sulfat
Better fertilizer :
Baja terbaik : ....................................
[3 marks]
[SPM 2016, No 2]
(a) Sofa is covered by a material that contains polymer X which consist of basic units. The structural
f rmula for polymer X is shown in Diagram 2.1.
oofa dibalut dengan dengan bahan yang mengandungi polimer X yang terdiri daripada unit asas.
S ormula struktur bagi polimer X ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.1.
F
(i) What is the meaning of polymer?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan polimer?
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(i i) State the name of the basic unit that forms polymer X.

Nyatakan nama bagi unit asas yang membentuk polimer X.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Chlorine, Cl in polymer X as shown in Diagram 2.1 is replaced with methyl, CH 3 to form polymer
Y.
K orin, Cl dalam polimer X seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.1 digantikan dengan
l metil, H3 untuk membentuk polimer Y.
C
(i) Draw the structural formula for the basic unit of polymer Y.
Lukis formula struktur bagi unit asas polimer Y.
[1 mark]
(ii ) State the name of polymer Y.

Nyatakan nama bagi polimer Y.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii i) State one similarity and one difference between the structural formulae of polymer Y and
its basic unit in 2(b)(i).
Nyatakan satu persamaan dan satu perbezaan antara formula struktur bagi polimer Y and
unit asasnya di 2(b)(i).
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(c)
One of the uses of polymer is to make plastic bottle. Improper disposal of plastic bottles can cause
pollution. Based on Diagram 2.2 and the pollution issue, faced by our nation, justify the use of
polymer.
Salah satu penggunaan polimer adalah mebuat botol plastik. Pelupusan botol plastic yang tidak
terurus boleh menyebabkan pencemaran. Berdasarkan Rajah 2.2 dan isu pencemaran, yang
dihadapi oleh negara kita, wajarkan penggunaan polimer.
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
Diagram 1.1 shows one of the uses of synthetic polymer and its structural formula.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan salah satu kegunaan polimer sintetik dan formula strukturnya.
Polymer X
Polimer X
(a) (i) State the meaning of polymer.

Nyatakan maksud polimer.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) State the name polymer X.

Nyatakan nama polimer X.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) Draw the structural formula of the monomer of polymer X.

Lukiskan formula struktur monomer bagi polimer X.
[1 mark]
(iv) State one advantage of using X as water pipes compared to metal pipes.
Nyatakan satu kelebihan menggunakan X sebagai paip air berbanding paip logam.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Borosilicate glass is one type of glass that is widely use.

Kaca borosilikat merupakan salah satu jenis kaca yang banyak digunakan.
(i) State the main component of the glass.

Nyatakan komponen utama kaca itu.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) State one main characteristics of the borosilicate glass.
Nyatakan satu sifat utama kaca borosilikat.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) State one use of the borosilicate glass in daily life.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan kaca borosilikat di dalam kehidupan seharian.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) Diagram 1.2 shows a helmet that is wear by motorist for their safety.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan sebuah topi keledar yang digunakan oleh penunggang motosikal
k untuk selamatan mereka.
e
Material Y
Bahan Y
aterial Y is made up from the mixture of glass and plastic.

Mahan Y diperbuat daripada campuran kaca dan plastik.
B
(i) State the name of material Y.
Nyatakan nama bahan Y.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) State one advantage of material Y compared to borosilicate glass.

Nyatakan kelebihan bahan Y berbanding kaca borosilikat.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[MRSM 2016, No 2]
2 Diagram 2.1 shows three examples of manufactured substances in industry

Raj h 2.1 menunjukkan tiga contoh bahan buatan untuk industri.
a
(a) R is an example of alloy. What is the meaning of alloy?

R merupakan contoh aloi. Apakah maksud aloi?
..
..
[1 mark]
(b) Name the major component for the following substances:

Namakan komponen utama untuk bahan-bahan berikut:
Q: .. R : ....
[2 marks]
(c) Diagram 2.2 shows a part of the structure of P.

Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan sebahagian struktur P.
(i) Draw the structural formula for monomer.

Lukis formula struktur monomer bagi P.
[1 mark]
(ii) Substance P is often used as a water pipe.

State one advantage of this type of pipe compared to iron pipe.
Process X
Proses X 84 Modul Analisis Bertopik Kimia Tingkatan 4
Bahan P selalu digunakan sebagai paip air.
Nyatakan satu kelebihan paip jenis ini berbanding dengan paip besi.
....
[1 mark]
[Pulau Pinang 2016, No 1]
1. Diagram 1 shows the production of compound M.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan penghasilan bahan M.
Sulphuric acid
Asid sulfurik
Compound M
Haber Process
Bahan M
Compound L
Proses Haber Bahan L
Diagram 1/Rajah 1
(a)(i) Name process X.

Namakan proses X.

[1 mark]
(ii) In process X, the catalyst and high temperature is used to increase the rate of reaction.
State the catalyst and the temperature used.
Dalam proses X, mangkin dan suhu yang tinggi digunakan untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak
balas. Nyatakan mangkin dan suhu yang digunakan.
Catalyst / Mangkin : ........................................ Temperature / Suhu : ........................................

[2 marks]
(iii) In Process X, sulphur trioxide gas is not directly dissolved into water to form liquid sulphuric
acid. Explain why.
Dalam Proses X, gas sulfur trioksida tidak terus dilarutkan ke dalam air untuk menghasilkan
cecair asid sulfurik. Terangkan mengapa.

[2 marks]
(b)(i) What is the name of compound L that is produced through Haber process?
Apakah nama bahan L yang terhasil melalui proses Haber.

[1 mark]
(ii) Compound L is produced when nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas. What is the ratio of nitrogen gas
and hydrogen gas reacted?
Bahan L terhasil apabila gas nitrogen bertindak balas dengan gas hidrogen. Apakah nisbah
gas nitrogen dan gas hidrogen yang bertindak balas?

[1 mark]
(c)(i) Sulphuric acid reacts with compound L to produce compound M. Name compound M.
Asid sulfurik bertindak balas dengan bahan L untuk menghasilkan bahan M.
Namakan bahan M.

[1 mark]
(ii) State one of the use of compound M.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan bahan M.

[1 mark]
(d) Vulcanisation is a process used to enhance the quality of natural rubber.

Diagram 5.2 below shows two products K and L made of rubber.
Pemvulkanan adalah satu proses dijalankan untuk meningkatkan kualiti
getah. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan dua produk K dan Lyang dihasilkan daripada
getah.
Material K Material L
Bahan K Bahan L
(i) Choose the product that is made of vulcanised rubber.

Pilih produk yang dibuat menggunakan getah tervulkan.
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your choice in term of their properties.

Terangkan pilihan anda dari segi sifatnya.
[2 marks]
(iii) Draw the structural formula of vulcanised rubber.

Lukiskan formulastruktur bagi getah tervulkan.
[1 mark]

Latihan Kimia Tingkatan 4

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Chapter 6 : Electrochemistry

[Final Year Exam SBP Form 4 2016, No 5]

0.0005 mol dm-3sodium chloride solution

(i) State the observation at electrode N.

(ii) Explain your answer in (d)(i).

1.0 mol dm-3

Anions : ............................................... Cations : ...................................................

(b) Based on Cell I and Cell II in Diagram 5,

(i) Name the product formed at the anode.

(d) A voltaic cell can generate electricity.

Magnesium strip Copper strip Silver strip

(a) Name the type of cell in Diagram 4.1.

Diagram 4.2/ Rajah 4.2

(ii) Explain your answer in e(i).

(b) Suggest a substance that can be used as

Electrode X/ Elektrod X: .. Solution Y/

(c) At cell Q, there are colourless gas bubbles produce at electrode X.

i. Write the half equation for the formation of the gas.

ii. Describe briefly a chemical test to confirm the gas produced.

Chapter 7 : Asid and Bases

5. Table 5 shows the information about acids X and Y.

Monoprotic acid Diprotic acid

(b) State the name of acids.

Acid X : ....................................... Acid Y :....................................................

[Final Year Exam SBP Form 4 2016, No 6]

Acid Concentration (mol dm-3)

(i) Which acid gives a higher pH value.

(ii) Explain your answer in a(i).

(iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

(iv) Calculate the volume of nitric acid used.

3 Table 5 shows the information about four solutions; P, Q, R and S.

Solution Information pH value

Ionised completely in water

Ionised partially in water

Ionised completely in water

Ionised partially in water

(a) State the meaning of alkali.

(i) strong alkali / alkali kuat : .... (ii)

weak acid / asid lemah : .....

Diagram 5.1 / Rajah 5.1

Describe a chemical test to prove that the malic acid is an acid.

500 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3

Diagram 5.2 / Rajah 5.2

50.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution

Diagram 5.3 / Rajah 5.3

Calculate the concentration of the sulphuric acid in mol dm-3.

[Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 4]

Set Concentration (mol dm-3) pH value

(i) Draw the structural formula of ethanoic acid.

(b) Diagram 4 shows the series of reactions involving ammonia.

Process Y + Nitric acid

(i) Write the chemical formula of ammonia.

(ii) State the type of particles in ammonia.

(vi) Describe briefly how to confirm the present of anion in solution Q.

pH1.0 pH2.0 pH3.0 pH4.0

Solution P Solution Q Solution R Solution S

Diagram 4.1/Rajah 4.1

(b) Which of the solutions has the lowest degree of ionisation?

(c) Solution P, Q, R and S have different pH values.

(i) Which solution is a strong acid?

3 Table 3 shows the information of two substances; E and F.

As food flavouring and As electrolyte in car battery.

(ii) State one example for substance E and F.

(iii) At the same concentration, pH value of E is higher than F. Explain why?