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Young-Shin Lee
Dept. of Mechanical Design Engineering, Chungnam National University, Korea.
Young-jin Choi
Graduate School, Dept. of Mechanical Design Engineering, Chungnam National
University, Korea.
Se-Hoon Lee
Graduate School, Dept. of Mechanical Design Engineering, Chungnam National
University, Korea
Je-Wook Chae
Agency for Defense Development, Korea
Eui-Jung Choe
Agency for Defense Development, Korea
Abstract
The impact of firing a rifle on the human body is affected by human posture. The human model of shooting
posture is defined by the action of the shooter. The shooting impact of the rifle is transferred to the human
model. In this study a finite element analysis has been performed in order to investigate the impact on a
human body of shooting a rifle. The model (height 170 cm, weight 60 kg) is developed by the finite
element method using beam elements. The human body impulse is analyzed by the ANSYS 8.1 code. The
human impact analysis of a standing shooting posture, shooting from a kneeling posture and prone shooting
posture are investigated. In this study, the rifle used for the impulse analysis is a K2. The applied load for
the simulation inputs is about 4 kN. In the results, the displacement and stress on the human body is
presented.
Introduction
The rifle impulse in the soldier system is affected by the characteristics of the human body. The rifle
impulse affects fighting power and mission durability. This is a study on the rifle impulse of shooting
postures for soldier characteristic needs. The finite element model and the analysis method of the human
impulse need to analyze and to estimate the sensibility and the human impact limit. In this study, the impact
analysis of the human body creates the human modeling of Koreans and obtains both the impact force and
the applied load of each joint through a simulation of conditions that occur when shooting. The transfer
path of the impact is obtained by the analysis of the impact history.
Human modeling
For the human impact structural analysis, the human model of a shot is applied to a male model of 170 cm
height, 60 kg weight. For the creation of the stick model, the data as joint and segment length on the model
is measured. Figure 1 shows the stick model of three shooting postures. The stick model is used by
ADAMS/LIFEMOD. The analysis model for the ANSYS code is used by coordinate point and mass data of
the stick model. Figure 2 shows the analysis model of ADAMS and FE with the standing shooting posture.
Figure 3 shows the coordinate of segments with the three shooting postures. The coordinate is determined
by the human data of the shooter and the measurement of the shooting posture. For the analysis modeling,
the area of the segment is uniform along each axis. The analysis model consists of 19 cylindrical beam
segments. The elastic modulus of skeletal model, Poissons ratio and mass density is 20 GPa, 0.3 and 6210
kg/m3 respectively. Table 1 shows the dimension and material property of the analysis human model. For
the analysis model, the joint element between the two segments is applied to COMBIN7, COMBIN14 and
LINK11. The element of the segment is used to BEAM188.
(a) Stand shooting posture (b) Knee shooting posture (c) prone shooting posture
Figure 3. Geometry of human body with typical shooting posture
Table 1 Material property for FE model
Property Mass (kg) Length (m) Area (mm2) Radius (mm)
4000
F (N)
1500
800
Figure 6. Boundary condition and mesh shape of human-rifle system with knee shooting
posture
Figure 7. Boundary condition and mesh shape of human-rifle system with prone shooting
posture
Table 2 Maximum displacement of the human body with stand shooting posture
ADAMS/LifeMOD Simulation result ANSYS result
Figure 11. Deformation of human body model with stand shooting posture using
ADAMS/LifeMOD
Conclusions
The major conclusions from this study are as follows:
1) The finite element model with three shooting postures is developed
2) The stress occurring in the human body by shooting is smaller than 10 MPa
3) The stress from shooting from the prone shooting posture is larger than the stress when shooting from
the other two shooting postures
4) The displacement with the standing shooting posture is the largest
5) The displacement result for the finite element analysis is similar to the result for the dynamic analysis
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