1.

Simply Supported Beam:

As the name implies, simply supported beam is supported at both end. One
end of the beam is supported by hinge support and other one by roller
support. This support allow to horizontal movement of beam. It beam type
undergoes both shear stress and bending moment.

2. Continuous Beams:
When we talk about types of beams we cannot forgot continuous beam. This
beam is similar to simply supported beam except more than two support are
used on it. One end of it is supported by hinged support and other one is
roller support. One or more supports are use between these beams. It is
used in long concrete bridges where length of bridge is too large.

3. Overhanging Beams:
Overhanging beam is combination of simply supported beam and cantilever
beam. One or both of end overhang of this beam. This beam is supported by
roller support between two ends. This type of beam has heritage properties
of cantilever and simply supported beam.

4. Cantilever Beams:
 Cantilever beams a structure member of which one end is fixed and other is
free. This is one of the famous type of beam use in trusses, bridges and
other structure member. This beam carry load over the span which
undergoes both shear stress and bending moment.

5. Fixed beams:
This beam is fixed from both ends. It does not allow vertical movement and
rotation of the beam. It is only under shear stress and no moment produces
in this beams. It is used in trusses, and other structure.

Free body diagram

In physics and engineering, a free body diagram (force diagram, or FBD) is a graphical
illustration used to visualize the applied forces, movements, and resulting reactions on abody in
a given condition.
Types of load

Point load

Point load is that load which acts over a small distance. Because of concentration over small
distance this load can may be considered as acting on a point. Point load is denoted by P and
symbol of point load is arrow heading downward ().
Uniform load

Uniformly distributed load is that whose magnitude remains uniform throughout the length. For
Example: If 10k/ft load is acting on a beam whose length is 15ft. Then 10k/ft is
acting throughout the length of 15ft.
Uniformly distributed load is usually represented by W and is pronounced as intensity of
udl over the beam, slab etc.

Uvl

It is that load whose magnitude varies along the loading length with a constant rate.

TRIANGULAR LOAD
Triangular load is that whose magnitude is zero at one end of span and increases constantly till
the 2nd end of the span. As shown in the diagram;

Shearing force
Force acting on a substance in a direction perpendicular to the extension of the
substance, as for example the pressure of air along the front of an airplane wing. Shear
forces often result in shear strain. Resistance to such forces in a fluid is linked to its
viscosity. Also called shearing force.

Shearing force diagram

A shear force diagram is one which shows variation in shear force along the length of
the beam. Bending moment may be defined as "the sum of moments about that section
of all external forces acting to one side of that section".

Bending moment
A bending moment is the reaction induced in a structural element when an external
force or moment is applied to the element causing the element to bend. The most
common or simplest structural element subjected to bending moments is the beam. ...
Beams can also have one end fixed and one end simply supported.

Bending moment diagram

Shear and bending moment diagrams are analytical tools used in conjunction with structural
analysis to help perform structural design by determining the value of shear force and bending
moment at a given point of a structural element such as a beam. These diagrams can be used to
easily determine the type, size, and material of a member in a structure so that a given set
of loads can be supported without structural failure. Another application of shear and moment
diagrams is that the deflection of a beam can be easily determined using either the moment area
method or the conjugate beam method.

Area method
The moment-area method is one of the most effective methods for obtaining the bending
displacement in beams and frames. In this method, the area of the bending moment diagrams is
utilized for computing the slope and or deflections at particular points along the axis of the beam
or frame. Two theorems known as the moment area theorems are utilized for calculation of the
deflection. One theorem is used to calculate the change in the slope between two points on the
elastic curve. The other theorem is used to compute the vertical distance (called tangential
deviation) between a point on the elastic curve and a line tangent to the elastic curve at a second
point.