Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
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TECHNOLOGY
INDUSTRY
Submitted By: Group Number 1
Praveena V 16035
Tanvi 16054
Jyothsna 16077
Nishanth Adyanthaya 16090
Venkat Vasist Reddy 16117
Vanyalakshmi 16176
TION
OGY
RY
A brief Introduction
1) It companies in general are equity financed and has zero debt. Thus the debt - equity ratio is almost zero and Curr
that industry current ratio is around 3.
2) Since in Indian scenario, most of the IT comanies are into service category inventory for them would be only office
companies are projecting human resources who are in bench i,e fulltime employed but not billed for any project are
3) Interest coverage ratio is very high unlike manufcatruing companies
4) Indian companies in IT indystry are sitting on huge cash pile and looks like do not know how to leverage the same
technology, muted global growth etc.
5) There is no capex forecasting for IT companies unlike manufacturing companies, rather they opt for inorganic acq
Intelligence trechnology.
6) For the purpose of the project, we will be considering 5 companies, namely
a) Infosys
b) Wipro
c) Tech Mahindra
d) HCL
e) TCS
Industry Ratios
Year 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Latest
No.Of Companies 14 14 13 13 8 18
Key Ratios
Cash Profit Margin (%) 22.97 24.77 24.76 25.48 25.22 23.83
After Tax Profit Margin (%) 20.45 22.44 22.52 23.16 23.14 21.41
nventory for them would be only office equipments and other non-core items. But offlate few
oyed but not billed for any project are considered to be inventory.
o not know how to leverage the same. Few reasons cited by the firms are change in
nies, rather they opt for inorganic acquisition. Especialy companies investing on Artificail
YoY 2013-2014 YoY 2014-2015 YoY 2015-2016 YoY 2016-2017 YoY 2017-Now CAGR
0 -0.0714285714 0 -0.3846153846 1.25 -13.06%
SOURCES OF FUNDS :
Share Capital + 128.1 233.5 480.4 483.5 486.8
Reserves Total + 4,054.40 8,355.10 10,775.40 14,505.20 16,401.50
Equity Share Warrants 0 0 0 0 0
Equity Application Money 0.3 1.5 0.3 1.4 1.9
Total Shareholders Funds 4,182.80 8,590.10 11,256.10 14,990.10 16,890.20
Secured Loans + 654.4 309.2 5.2 228.5 262.5
Unsecured Loans + 750.1 0 0 0 0
Total Debt 1,404.50 309.2 5.2 228.5 262.5
Other Liabilities+ 396.2 1,924.80 1,559.70 1,705.10 1,973.50
Total Liabilities 5,983.50 10,824.10 12,821.00 16,923.70 19,126.20
APPLICATION OF FUNDS :
Gross Block + 1,579.90 4,246.30 4,852.80 5,458.40 6,300.90
Less:Accumulated Depreciation + 859.8 2,412.70 2,871.80 3,335.90 3,848.20
Less:Impairment of Assets 0 0 0 0 0
Net Block + 720.1 1,833.60 1,981.00 2,122.50 2,452.70
Lease Adjustment 0 0 0 0 0
Capital Work in Progress+ 28.4 264 551.1 627.5 361.8
Investments + 3,807.50 2,294.00 4,087.70 4,976.10 7,761.90
Current Assets, Loans & Advances
Inventories + 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sundry Debtors + 1,372.50 3,927.80 4,240.80 5,154.40 4,571.70
Cash and Bank+ 271.1 2,826.30 1,819.50 3,284.90 2,083.90
Loans and Advances + 514.9 2,326.30 2,971.80 2,865.70 4,504.50
Total Current Assets 2,158.50 9,080.40 9,032.10 11,305.00 11,160.10
Less : Current Liabilities and Provisions
Current Liabilities + 1,058.30 2,825.70 2,718.20 3,185.70 3,743.60
Provisions + 216.7 1,089.40 1,477.30 784.9 863
Total Current Liabilities 1,275.00 3,915.10 4,195.50 3,970.60 4,606.60
Net Current Assets 883.5 5,165.30 4,836.60 7,334.40 6,553.50
Miscellaneous Expenses not written off + 0 0 0 0 0
Deferred Tax Assets 94.4 310.9 288 380.6 320.4
Deferred Tax Liabilities 0 0 0 -4.9 295.5
Net Deferred Tax 94.4 310.9 288 385.5 24.9
Other Assets+ 449.6 956.3 1,076.60 1,477.70 1,971.40
Total Assets 5,983.50 10,824.10 12,821.00 16,923.70 19,126.20
Contingent Liabilities+ 874.9 1,505.60 7,420.20 7,264.40 8,561.00
ce Sheet
Mar 16 Mar 17
483.5 486.8
793.1 793.1
0 0
0 0
483.5 486.8
483.5 486.8
483.5 486.8
0 0
0 0
483.5 486.8
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
14,505.20 16,401.50
14,505.20 16,401.50
6 6
0 0
3,132.60 3,299.00
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
10,611.80 12,078.90
754.8 1,017.60
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
1.4 1.9
14,990.10 16,890.20
228.5 262.5
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
170.9 174.2
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
57.6 88.3
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
228.5 262.5
1,705.10 1,973.50
128.1 359.1
0 0
346.6 384
1,230.40 1,230.40
16,923.70 19,126.20
5,458.40 6,300.90
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
69 47.3
0 0
1,707.40 2,005.40
1,310.10 1,427.90
0 0
0 0
565.3 638.3
129.4 142.9
1,289.70 1,570.90
358.7 446.2
0 0
28.8 22
0 0
0 0
0 0
3,335.90 3,848.20
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
535.3 578.9
1,008.30 1,108.40
0 0
0 0
441 479.5
94.4 105.1
897 1,138.10
335.9 421.1
0 0
24 17.1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
2,122.50 2,452.70
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
69 47.3
0 0
1,172.10 1,426.50
301.8 319.5
0 0
0 0
124.3 158.8
35 37.8
392.7 432.8
22.8 25.1
0 0
4.8 4.9
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
627.5 361.8
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
627.5 361.8
4,976.10 7,761.90
0 0
0 0
39.2 33
2,908.60 4,421.30
0 151
1,208.50 1,209.50
0 0
1,052.20 1,971.30
10 10
0 0
0 0
54.6 45.5
297 79.7
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
5,154.40 4,571.70
707.6 675.1
4,868.00 4,267.40
421.2 370.8
3,284.90 2,083.90
759.1 488.9
2,376.50 1,430.00
149.3 165
2,865.70 4,504.50
0 0
0 0
0 0
327 198.7
335.7 788.1
0 428.6
0 0
0 0
227.9 342.8
0 0
0 0
0 0
31.9 30.9
8.8 12.6
0 0
1,998.20 2,764.60
11,305.00 11,160.10
3,185.70 3,743.60
2,238.60 2,574.70
2,184.70 2,470.60
53.9 104.1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
54.3 154.3
0 0
0 0
4.3 7
3.2 2.8
885.3 1,004.80
0 0
53.9 104.1
784.9 863
540.3 627.2
0 0
0 0
37 25.3
0 0
0 0
39.2 37.2
168.4 173.3
3,970.60 4,606.60
7,334.40 6,553.50
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
380.6 320.4
-4.9 295.5
385.5 24.9
1,477.70 1,971.40
1,045.80 1,323.30
48.9 22.4
431.9 648.1
0 0
16,923.70 19,126.20
7,264.40 8,561.00
0 0
1,831.40 2,738.70
318.7 483.1
130.1 517.7
241.3 44.4
2,715.90 2,656.20
0 0
1,760.30 1,798.90
266.7 322
0 0
273.5 97.4
Cash Flow Statement
Year Mar 13 Mar 14 Mar 15
3,876.30 3,878.70
541.7 622.2
-7.3 -37.1
-632.9 -175.2
-10.1 -3.4
-1.5 -16.9
19.6 74
-38.7 -349.2
0 0
218.4 151.6
89.2 266
3,965.50 4,144.70
-573 -481
0 0
463.3 238.1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
-109.7 -242.9
3,855.80 3,901.80
0 0
-979.5 -569.6
0 0
0 0
-979.5 -569.6
2,876.30 3,332.20
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
-1,636.80 -1,081.70 -2,615.30
-688.1 -508.9
40.1 4.9
0 0
0 0
-9,442.10 ###
8,918.40 13,592.50
0 0
56.3 89
558.7 120.2
-69.3 -20
0 0
-12.5 -1,350.00
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 -428.6
-443.2 464.2
-770.3 -792.5 -1,449.90
36.2 34.5
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
-12.4 -70.4
0 0
0 0
-580.8 -1,378.70
0 0
-50 -60
-185.5 24.7
-792.5 -1,449.90
-299.3 1,002.10 -733
700.3 1,707.90 974.9
Detailed Cash Flow Statements
Year Mar 13 Mar 14 Mar 15
SOURCES OF FUNDS :
Share Capital 128.1 233.5
Equity Authorised 175 619.1 634.1
Preference Capital Authorised 0 0 0
Unclassified Authorised 0 0 0
483.5 486.8
483.5 486.8
483.5 486.8
0 0
0 0
483.5 486.8
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
10,775.40 14,505.20 16,401.50
14,505.20 16,401.50
6 6
0 0
3,132.60 3,299.00
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
10,611.80 12,078.90
754.8 1,017.60
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0
0.3 1.4 1.9
11,256.10 14,990.10 16,890.20
5.2 228.5 262.5
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
170.9 174.2
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
57.6 88.3
0 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
5.2 228.5 262.5
1,559.70 1,705.10 1,973.50
128.1 359.1
0 0
346.6 384
1,230.40 1,230.40
12,821.00 16,923.70 19,126.20
273.5 97.4
Numerator
Short-term Activity Ratios
Inventory Turnover Ratio COGS
Days Inventory Outstanding 365
Receivables Turnover Ratio Sales
Days Receivables(Sales) Outstanding 365
Paybles Turnover Ratio Purchases
Days Payables Outstanding 365
Working Capital Turnover Ratio Sales
Long-term Activity Ratios
Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio Sales
Total Assets Turnover Ratio Sales
Length of Operating Cycle Days Inventory Held + Days Sales Outstanding
Length of Cash Cycle Days Inventory Held + Days Sales Outstanding - Days Payables Outst
Profitability Analysis
Sales Basis
Gross Profit Margin Gross Profit
OperatingProfit Margin Operating Profit
EBIT Margin EBIT
Pre-tax Profit Margin PBT
Net Profit Margin Net Profit
Contribution Margin Contribution
Investment Basis
Return on Assets (Pre-tax basis) EBIT
Return on Assets (Post-tax basis) Net Income + After tax interest cost (NOPAT)
Return On Total Capital (Pre-tax basis) EBIT
Return On Total Capital (Post-tax basis) Net Income + After tax interest cost (NOPAT)
Return On Equity (Pre-tax basis) EBT
Retunr On Equity (Post-tax basis) Net Income
Return on Common Equity Net Income - Pref. Dividends
Basic EPS (common Equity) Net Income
Diluted EPS (Common Equity) Adjusted Net Income
Cash Flows Per Share Cash From Operations
EBIDTA Per Share EBDITA
Book Value Per Share Shareholders Networth
13 14 15 16
Denominator Numerator Numerator Numerator Numerator
19,493.60 0 0 0 0 0
365 - - - - -
23,165.40 230.1 1,869.10 887 573 481
365 26.083876575 8.7181531218 21.603945885 36.596509599 48.160914761
508.9 0 0 105.65 337.3 350.7
365 0 0 8.5499290109 2.0400237178 1.4510978044
23,165.40 0.00 0 0 0 0
4,564.70
3047.3
13 14 15 16 17
Ratios Ratios Ratios Ratios Ratios
- - - - -
- - - - -
26.08388 8.718153 21.60395 36.59651 48.16091
13.99332 41.86667 16.89506 9.973629 7.57876
0 0 8.549929 2.040024 1.451098
0 0 42.69041 178.9195 251.5337
- - - - -
Profitability analysis
Gross profit ratio Gross profit/Sales 0.162315267
EBIT margin EBIT/Sales 0.180476183
Net profit ratio PAT/Sales 0.108715573
Pre tax profit margin PBT/Sales 0.136156884
Investment basis
Return on assets (Pre tax basis) EBIT/Avg total assets 0.181031169
Return on total capital (Pre tax basis) EBIT/Avg total capital 0.193868237
Return on equity (Pre tax basis) EBT/Avg total equity 0.195371521
Activity ratios
Short term activity ratios
Inventory turnover ratio COGS/Avg inventory -
DSO 365/Inventory turnover ratio -
Receivables turnover ratio Sales/Avg receivables 26.08387658
Days receivables Outstanding 365/Receivables turnover ratio 13.99331878
2014 2015 2016 2017 2013 to 2014 2014 to 2015 Y 2015 to 2016 Y
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
8.718153122 21.60394589 36.5965096 48.16091476 -0.665764669 1.4780415741 0.693973397
41.86666544 16.89506176 9.973628742 7.578759702 1.991903929 -0.5964555194 -0.4096719572
-0.1491105197 9.37%
-0.1491105197 9.37%
-0.45319767 20.77%
-0.0014437972 9.47%
0.019260781 -50.33%
-0.1471258315 63.81%
-0.0777935886 4.60%
-0.0758703269 2.22%
-0.1305852587 4.88%
-0.0942188181 5.31%
-0.1576667208 8.75%
-0.1649074089 9.82%
-0.1119476929 4.12%
- -
- -
0.3159974896 16.57%
-0.240120131 -14.21%
-0.0091911674 4.99%
-0.0885118142 6.39%
Comments
This is a good sign as it shows a good increase in the evel of current assets as against current liabilities. This means that the fir
The inventory here is negligible, as mentioned in the balance sheet. This means that the company is well off as far as liquidity is
The most liquid of these ratios, this says that the company can pay off 45% of it's liabilities using cash readily available. The ove
Ability of the cash flows from operations to pay off the current liabilities. The company's position has improved In this regard, giv
The debt component has reduced significantly over the last five years by 50% of the total capital to only 1.53% from 25%. This
The earnings generated before provision for Interest and Taxes can pay off the interest 70 times as on 2017. The compay has i
The gross profit margin has grown at a CAGR of 4.60%. However, the YoY growth has been on the decline in 2017 as is volatile
Here too, the profits are declining. Could mean that the operations are slowly losing efficiency
There is an increase in PAT, however, the growth rate is not constant over the last five years.
The PBT has grown at 5.31% too, but there is a decline in growth rate in 2017
In 2017, every 1 rupee worth asset generated 25% of profit. However, this is lower than that of previous year. The assets has b
Major cause of concern with declining rate. The capital is not being properly deployed.
The best performance in this are was in 2014. However, there is a major decline in the same and this will be a major concern to
This ratio has been on the up since 2013. This could mean that the company 's collection is efficient and improving and their cu
This is again a good sign, corresponding to the previous ratio and says that the number of days taken to receive the receivable
The assets are being utilized efficiently by the company and is maintaining the same. The CAGR shows 4.99% increase, howev
The total assets utilisation has been on the decline since 2014. This should send alarm bells to the management as to if there h
HCL
Company : HCL Technologies Ltd
Industry : Computers - Software - Large
Company >> Finance >> Balance Sheet (Rs in Crs.)
Year Jun 13 Jun 14 Jun 15 Mar 16 Mar 17
SOURCES OF FUNDS :
Share Capital + 139.37 140 281.2 282.08 285.36
Reserves Total + 10,093.36 15,605.61 19,124.53 21,214.44 25,687.90
Equity Share Warrants 0 0 0 0 0
Equity Application Money 5.01 7.65 0.02 0.05 0.03
Total Shareholders Funds 10,237.74 15,753.26 19,405.75 21,496.57 25,973.29
Secured Loans + 544.1 539.34 40.63 41.63 44.87
Unsecured Loans + 82.48 29.25 0 0.03 0
Total Debt 626.58 568.59 40.63 41.66 44.87
Other Liabilities+ 602.9 690.71 481.71 550.32 452.8
Total Liabilities 11,467.22 17,012.56 19,928.09 22,088.55 26,470.96
APPLICATION OF FUNDS :
Gross Block + 4,145.88 4,921.06 5,686.72 5,585.40 11,282.66
Less:Accumulated Depreciation + 2,191.70 2,472.49 2,622.49 2,769.16 3,292.85
Less:Impairment of Assets 0 0 0 0 0
Net Block + 1,954.18 2,448.57 3,064.23 2,816.24 7,989.81
Lease Adjustment 0 0 0 0 0
Capital Work in Progress+ 488.19 518.5 543.95 582.12 410.53
Investments + 4,055.70 4,116.01 4,124.96 3,974.30 4,724.24
Current Assets, Loans & Advances
Inventories + 81.84 15.54 83.65 128.56 89.93
Sundry Debtors + 2,709.21 3,224.19 3,578.28 4,084.53 4,418.39
Cash and Bank+ 2,808.83 7,911.08 8,829.41 8,662.96 7,962.35
Loans and Advances + 2,587.90 2,299.42 3,058.21 4,292.41 4,732.08
Total Current Assets 8,187.78 13,450.23 15,549.55 17,168.46 17,202.75
Less : Current Liabilities and Provisions
Current Liabilities + 3,300.30 3,886.74 4,098.84 3,727.32 5,360.07
Provisions + 1,191.81 915.2 888.13 772.17 540.88
Total Current Liabilities 4,492.11 4,801.94 4,986.97 4,499.49 5,900.95
Net Current Assets 3,695.67 8,648.29 10,562.58 12,668.97 11,301.80
Miscellaneous Expenses not written off + 0 0 0 0 0
Deferred Tax Assets 377.24 312.78 229.98 1,189.75 1,368.57
Deferred Tax Liabilities 0.55 0.99 12.1 10.03 157.5
Net Deferred Tax 376.69 311.79 217.88 1,179.72 1,211.07
Other Assets+ 896.79 969.4 1,414.49 867.2 833.51
Total Assets 11,467.22 17,012.56 19,928.09 22,088.55 26,470.96
Contingent Liabilities+ 2,333.77 1,781.81 730.95 0.63 0.63
http://www.capitaline.com
Company : HCL Technologies Ltd
Industry : Computers - Software - Large
Company >> Finance >> Profit & Loss (Rs in Crs.)
Jun 13 Jun 14 Jun 15 Mar 16 Mar 17
Year (12) (12) (12) (9) (12)
INCOME :
Operating Income + 12,517.82 16,497.37 17,153.44 13,434.64 19,318.31
Excise Duty 0 0 0 0 0
Net Operating Income 12,517.82 16,497.37 17,153.44 13,434.64 19,318.31
Other Income + 472.38 659.12 1,199.50 968.42 955.33
Stock Adjustments + -7.83 -64.75 66.23 46.79 -38.63
Total Income 12,982.37 17,091.74 18,419.17 14,449.85 20,235.01
EXPENDITURE :
Cost of Traded Software Packages 251.66 345.37 363.76 162.66 123.31
Operating Expenses + 1,395.98 2,063.73 2,455.15 2,066.49 2,786.71
Employee Cost + 4,628.61 5,123.95 5,924.62 4,866.92 6,843.38
Power/Electricity Charges + 201.3 205.15 218.96 167.23 233.54
Selling and Administration Exp. + 1,123.65 1,263.27 1,314.18 974.15 1,312.03
Miscellaneous Expenses + 318.06 120.26 83.4 108.14 125.05
Less : Pre-operative Expenses Capitalised + 0 0 0 0 0
Total Expenditure 7,919.26 9,121.73 10,360.07 8,345.59 11,424.02
Operating Profit 5,063.11 7,970.01 8,059.10 6,104.26 8,810.99
Interest + 76.46 81.65 60.64 45.82 56.03
Gross Profit 4,986.65 7,888.36 7,998.46 6,058.44 8,754.96
Depreciation+ 441.91 490.7 299.92 276.89 478.89
Profit Before Tax 4,544.74 7,397.66 7,698.54 5,781.55 8,276.07
Tax+ 910.12 1,439.83 1,300.02 1,269.60 1,537.33
Fringe Benefit tax+ 0 0 0 0 0
Deferred Tax+ -70.1 -26.79 52.57 -207.13 -133.95
Reported Net Profit 3,704.72 5,984.62 6,345.95 4,719.08 6,872.69
Extraordinary Items + 57.83 77.7 102.56 109.62 1.37
Adjusted Net Profit 3,646.89 5,906.92 6,243.39 4,609.46 6,871.32
Adjustment below Net Profit + 831.81 0 0 8.97 -5.44
P & L Balance brought forward 3,185.77 6,597.12 11,068.08 14,439.07 16,469.53
Appropriations + 1,125.18 1,513.66 2,974.86 2,697.59 4,068.73
P & L Balance carried down 6,597.12 11,068.08 14,439.17 16,469.53 19,268.05
Dividend 835.36 699.1 2,385.59 2,251.74 3,386.11
Preference Dividend 0 0 0 0 0
Equity Dividend % 600 500 1,500.00 800 1,200.00
Dividend Per Share(Rs) 12 10 30 16 24
Earnings Per Share-Unit Curr 51.16 83.87 42.01 40.4 43.38
Earnings Per Share(Adj)-Unit Curr 25.58 41.94 42.01 40.4 43.38
Book Value-Unit Curr 146.84 224.94 138.02 152.41 182.04
Book Value(Adj)-Unit Curr 73.42 112.47 138.02 152.41 182.04
http://www.capitaline.com
HCL Technologies Ltd
Industry : Computers - Software - Large
Break up of Operating Income
Jun 13 Jun 14 Jun 15 Mar 16 Mar 17
Year (12) (12) (12) (9) (12)
Sales turnover / Operating Income 12,517.82 16,497.37 17,153.44 13,434.64 19,318.31
Job Work & Service Income 0 0 0 0 0
Other Operating Divisions / Income 0 0 0 0 0
HCL Technologies Ltd
Industry : Computers - Software - Large
Year Jun 13 Jun 14 Jun 15 Mar 16 Mar 17
Cash Flow Summary
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of the year 134.69 155.81 240.73 432.73 125.17
Net Cash from Operating Activities 4,170.15 6,147.22 5,335.67 3,154.30 6,995.10
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities -2,973.66 -4,664.63 -1,783.46 -762.88 -2,656.10
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities -1,175.37 -1,397.67 -3,360.21 -2,698.98 -4,112.17
Net Inc/(Dec) in Cash and Cash Equivalent 21.12 84.92 192 -307.56 226.83
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of the year 155.81 240.73 432.73 125.17 352
Formula
2013 2014
Short term solvency ratios
Current ratio Current assets/Current liabilities 1.822702 2.800999
Profitability analysis
Gross profit ratio Gross profit/Sales 0.398364 0.478159
EBIT margin EBIT/Sales 0.404472 0.483108
Net profit ratio PAT/Sales 0.295956 0.362762
Pre tax profit margin PBT/Sales 0.363062 0.448415
Investment basis
Return on assets (Pre tax basis) EBIT/Avg total assets 0.515948 0.559696
Return on total capital (Pre tax basis) EBIT/Avg total capital 36.42132 57.05702
Return on equity (Pre tax basis) EBIT/Avg total equity 0.601165 0.61329
Activity ratios
Short term activity ratios
137.69 338.82
Inventory turnover ratio COGS/Avg inventory
DSO 365/Inventory turnover ratio 2.650882 1.077268
Receivables turnover ratio Sales/Avg receivables 5.324885 5.560849
Days receivables Outstanding 365/Receivables turnover ratio 68.54608 65.63746
2015 2016 2017 2013 to 2014YoY Growth 2014 to 2015 YoY Growth
Current ratio over the years has increased and indicates good financial health in terms of liquidity to pay off current liabiltiies. Th
Quick ratio too over the years has increased and indicates good financial health in terms of liquidity to pay off its short term obli
The amount of cash and cash equivalents of the company as a portion of current liabiltiies has been increasing over the years w
The amount of cash generated from core operating activitiies of the business has remained constant over the years and is a go
Debt over the years has increased over the years. Though it is a bad sign as the company may not potentially make use of fina
The company is certainly in a good position to pay off its financial obligations and gives a green flag to lenders
Gross profit has seen a rise and plummet over the years. This is the profit arising from sale of goods and services out of core o
EBIT or the operating profit has increased initially and is remaining constant over the years and this may be due to less amount
Net profit has observed a significant increase over the years and again can be attributed to decreasing expenses right from CO
Pre tax ratios have increased in 2014 but have dropped over the years owing to increasing expenses.However not a signifcant
This ratio has increased initially but then decreased and may be attributed to the slow demand in IT industry or due to changes
It is natrural for this ratio to go up when inventory level in the firm has come down
The number of days outstanding to collect all the book debts has certainly come down as compared to last year and is a good s
Over the years the ratios have dropped. The trend line over past years show that there has been a signifciant decline in the sam
This ratio too has dropped and shows that the company has not been utilising its asset base well enough
e business is signifcantly strong
WIPRO
O
Company : Wipro Ltd
Industry : Computers - Software - Large
Company >> Finance >> Profit & Loss (Rs in Crs.)
Year Mar 13 (12) Mar 14 (12) Mar 15 (12) Mar 16 (12) Mar 17 (12)
INCOME :
Operating Income + 33,229.60 38,765.10 41,210.00 44,680.80 46,047.80
Excise Duty 3.1 7.9 0.2 0 0
Net Operating Income 33,226.50 38,757.20 41,209.80 44,680.80 46,047.80
Other Income + 1,325.30 1,611.20 2,499.00 2,710.60 2,570.00
Stock Adjustments + 18.2 -0.9 254.3 53.1 -164
Total Income 34,570.00 40,367.50 43,963.10 47,444.50 48,453.80
EXPENDITURE :
Cost of Traded Software Packages 2,701.40 2,491.10 2,799.80 2,656.20 2,186.90
Operating Expenses + 484.1 4,983.10 5,352.20 0 0
Employee Cost + 15,904.20 18,337.50 19,726.30 21,267.10 21,854.40
Power/Electricity Charges + 230.4 246.8 242.6 0 0
Selling and Administration Exp. + 5,983.20 2,731.40 3,229.90 9,609.80 10,311.60
Miscellaneous Expenses + 1,007.90 858 914 1,891.90 1,974.00
Less : Pre-operative Expenses Capitalised + 0 0 0 0 0
Total Expenditure 26,311.20 29,647.90 32,264.80 35,425.00 36,326.90
Operating Profit 8,258.80 10,719.60 11,698.30 12,019.50 12,126.90
Interest + 352.4 374.7 362.9 549.9 392.1
Gross Profit 7,906.40 10,344.90 11,335.40 11,469.60 11,734.80
Depreciation+ 701.3 736.7 778.4 875.4 1,047.70
Profit Before Tax 7,205.10 9,608.20 10,557.00 10,594.20 10,687.10
Tax+ 1,544.90 2,168.40 2,376.60 2,452.30 2,430.40
Fringe Benefit tax+ 0 0 0 0 0
Deferred Tax+ 10 52.4 -12.7 -58.6 95
Reported Net Profit 5,650.20 7,387.40 8,193.10 8,200.50 8,161.70
Extraordinary Items + 174.48 118.17 305.92 202.43 266.22
Adjusted Net Profit 5,475.72 7,269.23 7,887.18 7,998.07 7,895.48
Adjustment below Net Profit + -402.6 0 0 5.9 -1,034.90
P & L Balance brought forward 5,168.40 7,837.10 12,176.90 33,928.00 38,567.20
Appropriations + 2,578.90 3,047.60 4,375.30 3,567.20 877.6
P & L Balance carried down 7,837.10 12,176.90 15,994.70 38,567.20 44,816.40
Dividend 1,724.70 1,973.60 2,963.60 3,567.20 877.6
Preference Dividend 0 0 0 0 0
Equity Dividend % 350 400 600 300 100
Dividend Per Share(Rs) 7 8 12 6 2
Earnings Per Share-Unit Curr 21.77 28.6 30.79 33.19 33.58
Earnings Per Share(Adj)-Unit Curr 10.89 14.3 15.4 16.6 16.79
Book Value-Unit Curr 98.37 119.04 140.25 166.87 192.16
Book Value(Adj)-Unit Curr 49.19 59.52 70.13 83.44 96.08
http://www.capitaline.com
e
Company : Wipro Ltd
Industry : Computers - Software - Large
Company >> Finance >> Balance Sheet (Rs in Crs.)
Year Mar 13 Mar 14 Mar 15 Mar 16 Mar 17
SOURCES OF FUNDS :
Share Capital +492.6 493.2 493.7 494.1 486.1
Reserves Total
23,736.90
+ 28,862.70 34,127.90 40,731.60 46,219.50
Equity Share Warrants0 0 0 0 0
Equity Application0Money 0 0 0 0
Total Shareholders
24,229.50 Funds
29,355.90 34,621.60 41,225.70 46,705.60
Secured Loans +50.4 4,565.80 172.9 203.7 226.9
Unsecured Loans
6,044.60+ 17.2 5,929.70 6,609.20 6,083.00
Total Debt6,095.00 4,583.00 6,102.60 6,812.90 6,309.90
Other Liabilities+
240.7 351.8 301.7 1,268.60 1,326.00
Total Liabilities
30,565.20 34,290.70 41,025.90 49,307.20 54,341.50
APPLICATION OF FUNDS :
Gross Block8,318.80
+ 9,043.40 9,453.80 10,176.00 11,050.90
Less:Accumulated
4,409.40 Depreciation
5,068.40 +5,415.40 6,108.50 6,688.70
Less:Impairment of 0 Assets 0 0 0 0
Net Block +3,909.40 3,975.00 4,038.40 4,067.50 4,362.20
Lease Adjustment0 0 0 0 0
Capital Work in378.9
Progress+275.1 361.2 325.1 694.1
Investments10,904.30
+ 11,036.00 10,768.50 26,200.60 35,146.10
Current Assets, Loans & Advances
Inventories + 320.5 228.3 479.4 526.2 355.9
Sundry Debtors
8,499.40
+ 8,550.90 8,144.20 8,398.00 8,129.90
Cash and Bank+
7,800.40 10,554.90 15,667.50 8,408.80 3,516.60
Loans and Advances
5,715.00 +7,430.90 10,375.60 7,507.80 7,578.00
Total Current
22,335.30
Assets26,765.00 34,666.70 24,840.80 19,580.40
Less : Current Liabilities and Provisions
Current Liabilities
6,679.20+ 7,688.70 8,210.90 8,266.60 7,370.20
Provisions +3,409.40 3,619.60 4,115.00 1,278.90 1,306.10
Total Current
10,088.60
Liabilities
11,308.30 12,325.90 9,545.50 8,676.30
Net Current
12,246.70
Assets 15,456.70 22,340.80 15,295.30 10,904.10
Miscellaneous Expenses0 not written
0 off +0 0 0
Deferred Tax Assets
115.1 148.7 623.5 752.1 726.9
Deferred Tax Liabilities
52.8 137.9 514.3 398.9 630.8
Net Deferred Tax 62.3 10.8 109.2 353.2 96.1
Other Assets+
3,063.60 3,537.10 3,407.80 3,065.50 3,138.90
Total Assets
30,565.20 34,290.70 41,025.90 49,307.20 54,341.50
Contingent 6,484.40
Liabilities+7,020.30 7,587.40 8,132.50 7,378.00
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Wipro Ltd
Industry : Computers - Software - Large
Break up of Operating Income
Year Mar 13 (12) Mar 14 (12) Mar 15 (12) Mar 16 (12) Mar 17 (12)
Sales turnover / Operating Income 33,229.60 38,765.10 41,210.00 44,680.80 45,639.60
Job Work & Service Income 0 0 0 0 0
Other Operating Divisions / Income 0 0 0 0 408.2
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rge
Wipro Ltd
Industry : Computers - Software - Large
Year Mar 08 Mar 09 Mar 10 Mar 11 Mar 12 Mar 13
Cash Flow Summary
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of th 1,849.20 3,732.10 4,409.20 5,664.30 5,203.30 6,232.80
Net Cash from Operating Activities 715.9 4,410.50 4,477.40 3,711.20 2,997.90 6,119.20
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities -1,123.90 -3,662.70 -3,126.10 -1,438.90 -244.6 -3,546.00
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities 2,290.90 -70.7 -96.2 -2,733.30 -1,723.80 -1,005.60
Net Inc/(Dec) in Cash and Cash Equivalent 1,882.90 677.1 1,255.10 -461 1,029.50 1,567.60
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of the year 3,732.10 4,409.20 5,664.30 5,203.30 6,232.80 7,800.40
http://www.capitaline.com
Mar 14 Mar 15 Mar 16 Mar 17
Profitability analysis
Gross profit ratio Gross profit/Sales 0.2379324 0.26686117 0.275064
EBIT margin EBIT/Sales 0.2485374 0.27652708 0.28387
Net profit ratio PAT/Sales 0.1700351 0.19056832 0.198813
Pre tax profit margin PBT/Sales 0.2168278 0.24785696 0.256176
Investment basis
Return on assets (Pre tax basis) EBIT/Avg total assets 0.3915645 0.21930889 0.237335
Return on total capital (Pre tax basiEBIT/Avg total capital 16.781063 16.7555285 21.72378
Return on equity (Pre tax basis) EBIT/Avg total equity 1.0831666 0.30824814 0.335105
Activity ratios
Short term activity ratios
Inventory turnover ratio COGS/Avg inventory 60.11 141.27 116.46
DSO 365/Inventory turnover ratio 6.072201 2.58370496 3.134123
Receivables turnover ratio Sales/Avg receivables 4.04 4.55 4.94
Days receivables Outstanding 365/Receivables turnover ratio 90.346535 80.2197802 73.88664
-0.1327983347 98.5724192878 Current ratio from 2013 to 2015 has increased which indicate
-0.1301346218 98.8604336276 Quick ratio too has increased from 2013 to 2015 and indicate
-0.539899113 162.3204242658 The amount of cash and cash equivalents of the company as
0.2127213346 77.6724809812 The amount of cash generated from core operating activitiies
-0.1824966422 159.3976090181 Debt over the years has dropped down which is a good sign.
0.414979904 81.2168369381 The company is certainly in a good position to pay off its finan
0.0016281716 94.3495546636 Gross profit has seen a rise over the years. This is the profit
-0.0122603093 95.1125666739 EBIT or the operating profit has increased and then dropped
-0.0256400928 96.2886132559 Net profit is not changed much over the 5 years.
-0.0124233416 94.3947067719 Similar to net profit margin, pre tax ratios too have not change
0.9597283914 91.2565186767
0.0354233889 75.2338557879
-0.1137417749 280.8288805214
0.1748818366 66.0974449759 This ratio has decreased and then increased again which sho
-0.1488505747 151.2917784289 It is natrural for this ratio to go down when inventory level in th
0.0314814815 78.5949473676 This ratio has increased which shows that the company is abl
-0.0305206463 127.2346421104 The number of days outstanding to collect all the book debts
0.0425753405 79.1748662103 Over the years the ratios have increased which shows that th
0.4524451635 101.9811437051 This ratio too dropped and increased in 2017 shows that the
5 has increased which indicates good financial health in terms of liquidity to pay off current liabiltiies. but it has dropped in 2016 and 2017.
rom 2013 to 2015 and indicates good financial health in terms of liquidity to pay off its short term obligations since inventory too is excluded
equivalents of the company as a portion of current liabiltiies has been dropping ove the years. However the other current assets will cover u
from core operating activitiies of the business has significantly increased over the years and is a good sign. Cash from the core operations
ver the years. This is the profit arising from sale of goods and services out of core operations of the buisness and over the last 5 years has c
s increased and then dropped over the years and this may be due to significant amount going towards COGS and other expenses was mo
over the 5 years.
tax ratios too have not changed much which is good for the company as ot shows that the company is functioning effectively.
hen increased again which shows that the company is able to sell its inventory better in 2017 as compared to 2014, 2015 and 2016.
down when inventory level in the firm has come up.
shows that the company is able to take the debts on time
ng to collect all the book debts has certainly come down and is a good sign for the company and which in turn increases cash flows
increased which shows that the company is able to generate revenue from its fixed assets.
eased in 2017 shows that the company has not been utilising its asset base well enough from 2014 to 2016 but has utilised better in 2017.
has dropped in 2016 and 2017.
s since inventory too is excluded.but it has dropped down in 2016 and 2017.
ctioning effectively.
Current
assets/C
urrent
Current raliabilities 2.442292 2.786045 2.441186 2.815222 2.657456 14.08% -12.38% 15.32%
Current
assets-
Inventory
/Current
Quick rati liabilities 2.441618 2.785345 2.440427 2.811734 2.655455 14.08% -12.38% 15.21%
Cash ratioCash and c0.033897 0.026459 0.026968 0.041231 0.417627 -21.94% 1.92% 52.89%
CFO/curr
ent
Cash fromliabilities 0.973111 1.057355 1.003962 1.608622 2.204097 8.66% -5.05% 60.23%
Profitability analysis
Gross
profit/Sal
Gross profes 0.340844 0.381106 0.352582 0.358683 0.341353 11.81% -7.48% 1.73%
EBIT/Sal
EBIT marges 0.341476 0.381106 0.353663 0.358835 0.341525 11.61% -7.20% 1.46%
PAT/Sale
Net profit s 0.263691 0.28361 0.25363 0.268739 0.250116 7.55% -10.57% 5.96%
PBT/Sale
Pre tax pr s 0.324265 0.364037 0.33364 0.341692 0.324361 12.27% -8.35% 2.41%
Investment basis
EBIT/Avg
total
Return onassets 0.49726 0.546075 0.55918 0.467755 0.40098 9.82% 2.40% -16.35%
EBIT/Avg
total
Return oncapital 1.218447 1.127486 1.110817 1.52033 1.819891 -7.47% -1.48% 36.87%
EBIT/Avg
total
Return onequity 1.157035 1.077006 1.047927 1.447696 1.728428 -6.92% -2.70% 38.15%
Activity
ratios
Short
term
activity
ratios
Long
term
activity
ratio
Fixed
assets Sales/Av
turnover g fixed
ratio assets 9.48752 10.90808 9.202036 9.456388 10.04149 14.97% -15.64% 2.76%
Total
assets Sales/Av
turnover g total
ratio assets 1.456206 1.432871 1.581108 1.303537 1.174087 -1.60% 10.35% -17.56%
2016 to 2 CAGR grow
-5.60% 1.70%
-5.56% 1.69%
912.91% 65.24%
37.02% 17.76%
40.45% 16.89%
-16.52% 29.65%
-4.83% 0.03%
-4.82% 0.00%
-6.93% -1.05%
-5.07% 0.01%
-14.28% -4.21%
19.70% 8.35%
19.39% 0.08358
47.21% 5.34%
-32.07% -5.07%
23.57% 5.19%
-19.08% -4.93%
6.19% 1.14%
-9.93% -4.22%
Comments
Current Ratio is not consistent and this means that the financial health is not good in terms of paying off the current liabilities.
Quick ratio is also not consistent and it has shown negative year on tear growth rate. So the firm is not good at paying off its sh
The cash and cash equivalents of the company as compared to its current liabilities have seen considerable growth over the pe
The cash generated from the core oprations of the business has been increasing. Though the year on year growth is fluctiuating
The debt has considerably increased over the years and this might be a bad sign and risky for the firm.
The company is not doing good in paying off its financial obligations as it has shown a negative YOY growth rate on the times in
The gross profit margin for the company has been consistent however the Year on year rise has not been witnessed.
The operating margin has also not shown rise in the year on year basis.
The net profit margin has not seen considerable growth, this may be because the net profit has not increased over the years wi
Initially the ratio was negative and over the years it has stabilized but the growth is not considerable.
This ratio too has dropped and shows that the company has not been utilising its asset base well enough
Infosys Ltd.
Balance sheet
Year Mar 13 Mar 14 Mar 15 Mar 16 Mar 17
SOURCES OF FUNDS :
Share Capital + 287 286 574 1,148.00 1,148.00
Reserves Total + 35,772.00 41,806.00 47,494.00 59,934.00 66,869.00
Equity Share Warrants 0 0 0 0 0
Equity Application Money 0 0 0 0 0
Total Shareholders Funds 36,059.00 42,092.00 48,068.00 61,082.00 68,017.00
Secured Loans + 0 0 0 0 0
Unsecured Loans + 0 0 0 0 0
Total Debt 0 0 0 0 0
Other Liabilities+ 120 364 30 62 82
Total Liabilities 36,179.00 42,456.00 48,098.00 61,144.00 68,099.00
APPLICATION OF FUNDS :
Gross Block + 8,060.00 10,420.00 12,869.00 14,709.00 16,210.00
Less:Accumulated Depreciation + 3,607.00 4,688.00 5,522.00 6,461.00 7,605.00
Less:Impairment of Assets 0 0 0 0 0
Net Block + 4,453.00 5,732.00 7,347.00 8,248.00 8,605.00
Lease Adjustment 0 0 0 0 0
Capital Work in Progress+ 1,135.00 954 769 934 1,247.00
Investments + 4,344.00 6,717.00 6,857.00 11,078.00 24,977.00
Current Assets, Loans & Advances
Inventories + 0 0 0 0 0
Sundry Debtors + 6,365.00 7,336.00 8,627.00 9,798.00 10,960.00
Cash and Bank+ 20,401.00 24,100.00 27,722.00 29,176.00 19,153.00
Loans and Advances + 4,392.00 5,052.00 5,654.00 7,121.00 7,926.00
Total Current Assets 31,158.00 36,488.00 42,003.00 46,095.00 38,039.00
Less : Current Liabilities and Provisions
Current Liabilities + 3,005.00 4,139.00 5,670.00 7,848.00 7,674.00
Provisions + 3,788.00 6,117.00 8,045.00 3,740.00 4,112.00
Total Current Liabilities 6,793.00 10,256.00 13,715.00 11,588.00 11,786.00
Net Current Assets 24,365.00 26,232.00 28,288.00 34,507.00 26,253.00
Miscellaneous Expenses not written off + 0 0 0 0 0
Deferred Tax Assets 640 845 749 777 766
Deferred Tax Liabilities 318 303 316 372 420
Net Deferred Tax 322 542 433 405 346
Other Assets+ 1,560.00 2,279.00 4,404.00 5,972.00 6,671.00
Total Assets 36,179.00 42,456.00 48,098.00 61,144.00 68,099.00
Contingent Liabilities+ 6,170.00 193 189 188 1,902.00
Infosys Ltd
P&L Account
Mar 13 Mar 14 Mar 15 Mar 16 Mar 17
Year
(12) (12) (12) (12) (12)
INCOME :
Operating Income + 36,765.00 44,341.00 47,300.00 53,983.00 59,289.00
Excise Duty 0 0 0 0 0
Net Operating Income 36,765.00 44,341.00 47,300.00 53,983.00 59,289.00
Other Income + 2,298.00 2,576.00 3,749.00 3,006.00 3,062.00
Stock Adjustments + 0 0 0 0 0
Total Income 39,063.00 46,917.00 51,049.00 56,989.00 62,351.00
EXPENDITURE :
Cost of Traded Software Packages 0 0 0 0 0
Operating Expenses + 2,634.00 3,708.00 4,561.00 6,367.00 7,148.00
Employee Cost + 19,932.00 24,350.00 25,115.00 28,207.00 30,944.00
Power/Electricity Charges + 180 181 185 179 180
Selling and Administration Exp. + 2,798.00 2,791.00 2,552.00 3,292.00 3,497.00
Miscellaneous Expenses + 203 778 917 229 313
Less : Pre-operative Expenses Capitalised + 0 0 0 0 0
Total Expenditure 25,747.00 31,808.00 33,330.00 38,274.00 42,082.00
Operating Profit 13,316.00 15,109.00 17,719.00 18,715.00 20,269.00
Interest + 3 6 8 0 0
Gross Profit 13,313.00 15,103.00 17,711.00 18,715.00 20,269.00
Depreciation+ 956 1,101.00 913 1,115.00 1,331.00
Profit Before Tax 12,357.00 14,002.00 16,798.00 17,600.00 18,938.00
Tax+ 3,361.00 4,063.00 4,537.00 4,898.00 5,068.00
Fringe Benefit tax+ 0 0 0 0 0
Deferred Tax+ -120 -255 97 9 52
Reported Net Profit 9,116.00 10,194.00 12,164.00 12,693.00 13,818.00
Extraordinary Items + 60.42 0 305.58 0 81
Adjusted Net Profit 9,055.58 10,194.00 11,858.42 12,693.00 13,737.00
Adjustment below Net Profit + 0 69 -42 0 0
P & L Balance brought forward 19,993.00 25,383.00 30,392.00 40,065.00 44,698.00
Appropriations + 3,726.00 5,254.00 7,362.00 8,060.00 8,559.00
P & L Balance carried down 25,383.00 30,392.00 35,152.00 44,698.00 49,957.00
Dividend 2,412.00 3,618.00 5,111.00 5,570.00 5,915.00
Preference Dividend 0 0 0 0 0
Equity Dividend % 840 1,260.00 1,190.00 485 515
Dividend Per Share(Rs) 42 63 59.5 24.25 25.75
Earnings Per Share-Unit Curr 151.79 167.47 96.95 49.74 55.54
Earnings Per Share(Adj)-Unit Curr 37.95 41.87 48.48 49.74 55.54
Book Value-Unit Curr 628.21 735.87 418.71 266.04 296.24
Book Value(Adj)-Unit Curr 157.05 183.97 209.36 266.04 296.24
Year Mar 13 Mar 14 Mar 15 Mar 16 Mar 17
Key Ratios
Debt-Equity Ratio 0 0 0 0 0
Long Term Debt-Equity Ratio 0 0 0 0 0
Current Ratio 4.5 3.91 3.26 3.45 3.55
Turnover Ratios
Fixed Assets Turnover ratio 4.83 4.8 4.06 3.91 3.84
Inventory Turnover Ratio 0 0 0 0 0
Debtors Turnover Ratio 6.25 6.47 5.93 5.86 5.71
Interest Cover Ratio 4,438.67 2,334.67 2,100.75 0 0
Profit before interest, depriciati 36.22 34.07 37.46 34.67 34.19
Profit before interest and tax mar 33.62 31.59 35.53 32.6 31.94
Profit before depriciation and tax 36.21 34.06 37.44 34.67 34.19
Cash Prfot Margin (%) 27.4 25.47 27.65 25.58 25.55
After Tax Profit Mergin (%) 24.8 22.99 25.72 23.51 23.31
Return on capital employed (%) 37.48 35.63 37.12 32.22 29.31
Return on net worth (%) 27.7 26.09 26.98 23.26 21.41
Comments
1. Infosys being a debt free company shows a debt equity ratio of 0 consistently over past five years.
2. A sharp decline in current ratio. Matter of concern for the company. Total current assets have shown a CAGR of a
43% in current liabilities. Company is inefficient in generating current assets in proportion to its current liabilities
3. Debtors Turnover has shown a sharpe decline. This is good sign for the company as the collection policy has i
debtors are inceasing less than proportionately.
4. Since it is a debt free company interest cost is very low and is on short term loan (if any) therefore has a very
5. EBITDA Margin has shown a slight decline of around 2%. This may be due to very high sales growth and thus incu
6. ROCE has shown a steep decline of about eight percent. May be a matter of concern for investors as they are getti
into the business. If decline continous it might be a red signal for investors and they might search other
7. EBIT PBT and PAT may beanayzed further using DUPONT Analysis
Dupot Analysis
Comments
1. Company is good in managing its capital raised from equity. It has used whole of it
capital for purchasing assets.
2. Earlier company made sales more than its assets. But the ratio is falling which
means the company is not able to maintain the same level of sales out of its assets.
3. Good EBIT level has been mantained consistently.
4. Since there is no debt, interest cost is nill which means PBT and PBIT are same. This
is a good sign as the company has no interest burden.
5. Company is good at tax management and has paid tax conistently over the period.
6. ROE has ben coming down the main reason seems to be companies inability to
generate same level of sales from the assets it owns. But mya not be a matter of
concern as the sales have increase consistently at a CAGR of 40% slight reduction may
be justified in increasing sales to such an extent.
ast five years.
(if any) therefore has a very high ICR. Not a matter of concern.
h sales growth and thus incurring a higher per unit cost of sales.