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1. Introduccin
Desde mediados del siglo XX se han organizado varias exhibiciones para
ensearnos ideas de cmo las casas aparentaran y cmo funcionaran en un futuro
lejano. La gente se imaginaba cmo se podra hacer ms cmoda la estancia en casa,
cmo se facilitaran las tareas domsticas, etc. Despus de la aparicin de dispositivos
electrnicos inteligentes como el ordenador fue surgiendo el concepto de la
automatizacin del hogar: la domtica [1].
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Un importante aspecto de un sistema domtico es que no debera requerir la
constante atencin del usuario, sobre todo en temas de regulacin. Un sistema que
regule la temperatura a lo largo del da en una sala seguramente ahorre ms energa que
una persona regulando el termostato. La nica salvedad es el mantenimiento del
sistema; por ello, se trata de disear un sistema domtico resistente y de bajo consumo
de modo que se permita un mantenimiento menos frecuente.
Debido a estos aspectos del sistema domtico, la demanda en este sector est en
aumento mientras que estos sistemas inteligentes avanzan en diseo y tecnologa. Por
ello, la gente de hoy en da busca esta alternativa cmoda para cambiar su vida cotidiana
a algo ms atractivo y moderno.
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Esto es lo que despierta inters en
este proyecto. Este proyecto constituye
la mitad de un gran proyecto. Este
proyecto se encarga del control de los
sensores y actuadores que sirven
propsitos distintos: seguridad,
climatizacin, iluminacin y ocio. El
otro se encarga del ahorro energtico por
medio de, por ejemplo, almacenar la
energa cuando esta sea barata y usarla
cuando sea cara. As, un hogar podr
aprovechar el confort y la seguridad que
ofrece el sistema de automtica y el
ahorro energtico del de energa. Debido
a ello, este proyecto se ha dedicado a
cumplir los siguientes objetivos: Figura 3: Estructura del proyecto global
2. Metodologa
Se ha definido una arquitectura para
el sistema general, que se muestra en la
Figura 4. El sistema domtico tiene cuatro
partes importantes: el sistema de seguridad,
el de iluminacin, el de climatizacin y el de
ocio; con sus respectivos sensores
(temperatura, luz,) y actuadores
(persianas, calefaccin,). El maestro se
encarga de coordinar el sistema domtico y
el sistema gestor de energa, adems de
formar un puente entre el usuario y ambos
sistemas. El usuario puede gestionar estos
sistemas a travs de la interfaz de control,
que muestra la informacin relevante del
sistema, que se almacena en la base de datos. Figura 4: Arquitectura general del sistema
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radiofrecuencia de la misma empresa basada en ZigBee: MiWi. Adems, el maestro
central es una tarjeta especial, la cual tambin es capaz de comunicarse por WiFi a
travs de un mdulo de comunicacin WiFi de la misma empresa con el router para
llegar al servidor y enlazar ambos niveles del sistema.
3. Resultados
Se han desarrollado 5 tarjetas controladoras distintas, aunque dos de ellas sirven
propsitos parecidos: son la TCD (Tarjeta Control Domtico), la TCI-4F (Tarjeta de
Control de Iluminacin 4 Fases), la TCI-F (Tarjeta de Control de Iluminacin Foco),
la TCA (Tarjeta de Control de Actuadores) y la TCC (Tarjeta de Control Central:
La TCD en principio se dise como una tarjeta de propsito general, pero como
los sensores son los nicos que requieren un circuito de acondicionamiento simple, se
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han desarrollado las dems tarjetas, aparte de la TCC, que es el coordinador de los
dispositivos. Las tarjetas TCI-4F y TCI-F se han diseado para conectarles LEDs RGB,
que sirven propsitos de iluminacin personalizada (sistema de ocio). La tarjeta TCA se
ha diseado para actuar varios tipos de sistemas automatizados (persianas, riego,)
mediante sus rels.
4. Conclusiones
Este proyecto ha contribuido a desarrollar un sistema domtico robusto, fcil de
controlar, y modular, ya que se puede controlar los dispositivos conectados a estas
tarjetas sin importar su nmero. Este sistema domtico se ha integrado con xito con un
sistema gestor de energa para cubrir las necesidades de ahorro energtico de la casa
inteligente. Asimismo, durante el proceso se ha modificado el protocolo de
comunicacin MiWi para que sea ms entendible para el usuario y para mejorar su
funcionamiento, que puede ser aprovechado en futuras aplicaciones.
5. Referencias
[1] Wikipedia, domtica: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%B3tica
[2] Casadomo, domtica: http://www.casadomo.com/noticiasDetalle.aspx?c=14
[3] Empresa SmartThings: http://smartthings.com
[4] Empresa INSTEON: http://www.insteon.net/
Palabras clave: domtica, automatizacin del hogar, WiFi, ZigBee, casa inteligente.
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HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM FOR A SMARTHOME
PROJECT ABSTRACT
1. Introduction
Since mid-20th century, many exhibitions have been organized to show ideas
about how would houses look and function in a distant future. People were imagining
how could one make their homes more comfortable, how could the domestic tasks
become easier, etc. Following the arrival of intelligent electronic devices like
computers, the concept of home automation started to be present in many places [1].
This concept refers to the automation and control (switching on and off,
opening, closing and regulation) of devices and of electrotechnic and electrical
installations (lighting, climate control, blinds and sunshades, doors and motorized
windows, sprinklers, etc.) in a centralized way and/or remote. The main targets of home
automation are to increase comfort, security and energy savings.
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Due to these features of the home automation system, the demand in this sector
is increasing and these systems are upgrading in design and technology every year. That
is why people today want to find this comfortable alternative to change their day-to-day
lives to something more attractive and modern.
On the one hand, the SmartThings company, which is relatively new, has
designed a hub that understands several wireless protocols such as ZigBee or WiFi and
also has connection with an online server. Enabling the existing appliances for wireless
communication, this hub connects all these appliances together in a wireless network to
create the home automation system. On the other hand, the INSTEON company sells its
own appliances enabled for communication with their own communication protocol,
that can be either by wireless communication or by powerline communications.
However, even if they are complete regarding automation at home, it offers very
few alternatives regarding energy savings. In addition, the great majority of companies
in the home automation sector have been founded in the USA, where home automation
is a stronger sector; and these have globalized eventually. This is why, in countries like
Spain, people can barely find advertisements and offers coming from home automation
companies.
This is what generates interest in this project. This project constitutes the half of
a great project. This project is in charge of the control of the sensors and actuators that
serve different purposes: security/safety, lighting, heating/cooling and leisure. The other
is in charge of energy savings through, for example, energy storage when it is cheap and
its use when it is expensive. By doing so, a home can take advantage of the comfort and
the security that the automation system provides and the energy savings provided by the
energy system.
Therefore, this project has been carried out by completing the following
objectives:
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Wireless network with control
devices development.
Sensor and actuator integrations.
Interaction software with the user
using a PC.
Energy system integration.
2. Methodology
An architecture has been defined for
the general system, shown in Figure 4. The
home automation system is made up of 4
main subsystems: security, lighting,
heating/cooling and leisure; with their
respective sensors (light, temperature,)
and actuators (blinds, heaters,). The
master is in charge of coordinating the home
automation system and the energy control
system, as well as creating a bridge between
the user and both systems. The user can run
these systems using the control interface,
which displays relevant information
regarding the system, which is also stored in
the database. Figure 4: General system architecture
Regarding this architectures software, the control interface has been designed
with Qt Designer and has been programmed with Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 in C++
language. The link with the MySQL database has been programmed with the same
program and has been made possible with ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity).
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Microchip Technology Inc. drivers have been used for the MiWi and WiFi connection
of its microprocessors. The control algorithm which the microprocessors follow in this
project has been programmed with MPLAB IDE.
3. Results
Five different controller boards have been designed, although two of them are
used for similar purposes. These are (Spanish names are shown too): the Domotic
Controller Board (TCD Tarjeta de Control Domtico); the 4-Phase Lighting
Controller Board (TCI-4F Tarjeta de Control de Iluminacin 4 Fases); the Spotlight
Lighting Controller Board (TCI-F Tarjeta de Control de Iluminacin Foco); the
Actuator Controller Board (TCA Tarjeta de Control de Actuadores); and the Central
Controller Board (TCC Tarjeta de Control Central):
The TCD was designed initially as a general purpose Controller Board, but due
to the fact that the sensors are the only devices which required a simple conditioning
circuit the other boards were designed, apart from the TCC which is the device
coordinator. The TCI-4F and TCI-F boards were designed to connect RGB LEDs to
them, which are used for customized lighting (leisure system). The TCA is suitable for
actuating various types of automatic systems (blinds, sprinklers,) by means of relays.
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In the matter of the control
interface, the one shown in Figure 6 has
been developed. The sensor readings and
the controllers of the actuators (in this
case there are blinds and RGB LEDs to
control) are displayed according to the
room selected from the pull-down menu at
the left (under the Home Automation tab).
In case of a missing device among the
ones shown in Figure 6, a warning
message will be displayed and the
controller will be disabled.
4. Conclusions
This project has contributed to develop a robust home automation system, which
is easy to control and has modulation options, due to the fact that no matter how many
boards and devices installed, the system is still controllable. This home automation
network has been successfully merged with the energy control system to cover the
energy saving needs of the smarthome. Additionally, during the process the MiWi
wireless protocol has been modified to make it more user-friendly and to upgrade its
performance, which can be used in future applications.
5. References
[1] Wikipedia, domotics: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%B3tica
[2] Casadomo, domotics: http://www.casadomo.com/noticiasDetalle.aspx?c=14
[3] SmartThings company: http://smartthings.com
[4] INSTEON company: http://www.insteon.net/
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