ILLNESS

Hypothermia

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema

Frostbite

High Altitude Cerebral Edema

Acute Mountain Sickness

Hypoxia

High Altitude Cough

HIgh Altitude Digestion

DEFINE MEDICAL CONDITIONS

Hypothermia is when prolonged exposure in the cold causes your body temperature to drop
dangerously

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema is where there is a surplus amount of fluid in the lungs
caused by ascending too rapidly

Frostbite is a condition in which skin and the tissue just below the skin freeze.

High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a medical condition in which the brain swells with
fluid because of the physiological effects of traveling to a high altitude.

Acute Mountain Sickness is a distress for having difficulties adjusting to lower oxygen levels
at high altitudes

Hypoxia is the lack of oxygen reaching the tissues

High altitude cough is a dry, debilitating cough triggered by high altitudes.

High altitude digestion is digestive problems such as nausea and loss of appetite due to being
in high altitudes.
LOCATION AND /OR SYSTEM OF THE BODY THE MEDICAL CONDITION AFFECTS
Hypothermia targets the; heart, nervous system, and respiratory system,ears, hands, toes,
and nose.

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema affects the lungs, the respiratory system,
and blood vessels.

Frostbite can affect your feet, toes, hands, fingers, nose, and ears.

High-altitude cerebral edema effects in the brain, because it swells.

Acute mountain sickness affects your lungs, heart, muscles, and nervous system.

Hypoxia affects strictly your lungs and can cause major trauma to your lungs.

High altitude cough affects your throat, airways, lungs and ribs.

High altitude digestion can affect your stomach, head, brain, and your appetite.

SYMPTOMS

The symptoms of hypothermia are; shivering, mumbling, slowed breathing, weak pulse,lack of
coordination, lack of energy, memory loss, loss of consciousness, discoloration (found in
infants)

The symptoms for HAPE are ; shortness of breath, cough, difficulty walking, cough with
sputum, and or blood, irregular heartbeat, discomfort in the chest area, and headaches

Frostbite; At first, cold skin and a prickling feeling, numbness Red, white, bluish-white or
grayish-yellow skin, hard or waxy-looking skin, clumsiness due to joint and muscle stiffness,
or blistering after rewarming.

Symptoms of High-altitude cerebral edema commonly include confusion, loss of

consciousness, fever, ataxia, photophobia, rapid heart beat,lassitude, and an altered mental
state.

Symptoms of acute mountain sickness include headache, nausea/vomiting, loss of sleep, loss
of appetite, fever, weakness, dizziness, and memory problems.
Symptoms of hypoxia include air hunger, anxiety, mental confusion, fatigue, nausea,
headache, dizziness, hot/cold flashes, and visual impairment.

Symptoms of high altitude cough may include a cough, narrowing of the airways, and damage
to the ribs.

Symptoms of high altitude digestion include headaches, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and loss
of appetite.

CAUSES

The causes of hypothermia include; living in a house that is too cold, falling in cold water, not
being able to take off wet clothes soon enough, staying out in the cold for too long,and lack of
appropriate gear in the cold

Since the lungs are lacking oxygen, the blood vessels are squeeze and the pressure
increases, causing the fluid to be exerted from the blood and into the air pockets.In layman's
ascending to quickly and not receiving the adequate amount of oxygen causes it...

Causes of frostbite is exposure to freezing temperatures.

Causes of High-altitude cerebral edema is primarily of oxygen deprivation.

The cause of acute mountain sickness is reduced air pressure and lower oxygen level at high
altitudes.

Causes of hypoxia are high altitudes, drowning, aspiration, respiratory arrest, and CO
poisoning.

High altitude cough may be caused by water loss from the respiratory tract; high altitude
pulmonary oedema; acute mountain sickness; bronchoconstriction; respiratory tract infections;
vasomotor rhinitis (chronic sneezing, congestion and runny nose) and postnasal drip;
bronchoconstriction (constriction of the airways); asthma; and alterations in the central control
of respiration.

High altitude digestion is caused by your bodys redistribution of blood flow to adapt to the
change in altitude. The heart starts pumping more blood to your brain heart and lungs causing
headaches. The lack of blood flow to the digestive system causes the nausea, vomiting, and
loss of appetite.
RISK FACTORS

The risk factors included for hypothermia are : substance abuse, medical conditions,
medicine,exhaustion, youth, elderly, and mental problems.

It is unpredictable, who can get HAPE...but ascending quickly or being sick before ascending
can cause HAPE.

Frostbite Medical conditions that affect your ability to feel or respond to cold, such as
dehydration, exhaustion, diabetes and poor blood flow in your limbs. Alcohol or drug abuse,
smoking, panic or mental illness.

High-altitude cerebral edema related diseases such as acute mountain sickness are known,
but no clear physiological parameter has been associated with an increased risk for these
diseases.

Acute mountain sickness is more common if you live near the sea or are acclimated to high
altitudes.

Hypoxia maternal risk factors include diabetes, asthma, and seizure disorders.

High altitude cough is more common in people who take a

ngiotensin converting enzyme
(ACE) inhibitors and who dont get much sleep.

Risk factors for high altitude digestion include taking hormones like leptin and cholecystokinin
and also if you have hypoxia.

COMPLICATIONS

Some complications related to Hypothermia are cold related injuries like; frostbite and
gangrene, which is when the tissue is dead and decays- which is caused by flow disruption.

Not receiving sufficient oxygen to your blood, so that it can filter through your lungs is what
causes HAPE.

Frostbite complications are increased sensitivity to cold, increased risk of developing frostbite
again, long-term numbness in the affected area, changes in the cartilage between the joints,
growth defects for children, and infections.
High-altitude cerebral edema complications are h
igh altitude disease,high altitude pulmonary
edema, or acute mountain sickness.

Acute mountain sickness complications are developing HAPE and HACE

Hypoxias complications include tissue trauma, anxiety, and stress.

Complications of high altitude cough include damage to the ribs, airways and throat due to
constant and violent coughs.

Development of high altitude digestion can lead to acute mountain sickness, anorexia, and fat
malabsorption.

TREATMENT OF EACH HEALTH RISKS

To treat hypothermia medically, these are a few things you are able to do; give them warm
fluids and cover them with blankets-this is for mild hypothermia, rewarm their blood, warmed
intravenous fluids, rewarming of the airway, and irrigation.

Some treatments for HAPE are; Nifedipine, Viagra, Dexamethasone, which is used to open
up the blood vessels in the lungs,and lastly descent-the most important.

Frostbite treatment includes; mild cases can be treated with gradual warming, severe cases
require medical care to prevent complications.

High-altitude cerebral edema includes, The mainstay of treatment is the immediate descent
of at least 1000m or until symptoms improve. One should not descend alone and should have
assistance to minimize physical exertion, which may worsen the patients condition. If descent
is not an option, one may use a portable hyperbaric chamber and/or supplemental oxygen to
temporize illness, but this should never replace or delay evaluation/descent when possible. If
available, dexamethasone 8 mg for one dose, followed by 4mg every 6 hours should be given
to adults via PO, IM, or IV routes. Pediatric dosing is 0.15 mg/kg every 6 hours.
Acetazolamide has proven to be beneficial in only a single clinical study. The suggested
dosing regimen for Acetazolamide is 250 mg PO, given twice daily. Though effective in
alleviating or temporizing symptoms, none of the adjunct treatment modalities are definitive or
a replacement for an immediate descent. ( Andrew L. Vincent)

To cure acute mountain sickness Management of AMS follows three axioms: a) further
ascent should be avoided until the symptoms have resolved, b)patients with no response to
medical treatment should descend to a lower altitude and c) if and when HACO is suspected,
patients should urgently descend to a lower altitude [4,5].( Maj Rajan Kapoor)

The treatment for hypoxia and/or hypoxemia is to give additional oxygen to the
patient and into the body (blood) as quickly as possible, especially if cerebral hypoxia
is suspected or treat the underlying cause of the hypoxia( C
harles Patrick Davis, MD,
PhD)
 The treatment of altitude-related cough is symptomatic and frequently ineffective. Further
work is required to understand the nature and aetiology of the cough which occurs at high
altitude before effective therapies can be developed.( Mason NP, Barry PW.)

There are many different products available to cure high altitude digestion, but the most
helpful action is to get to a lower elevation.
Hape and Hypothermia:

https://s3.amazonaws.com/user-media.venngage.com/741071-860138b27eb5a7d0b6d18d4802
9e4932.jpg

https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hypothermiars-120605093502-phpapp01/95/hypothermia-rs-15
-728.jpg?cb=1338889219

Frostbite:
http://homeremedies9.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/frostbite-1024x575.jpg

High-altitude cerebral edema:

http://www.neurology.org/content/81/20/1776/F1.large.jpg

Acute mountain sickness:

http://www.happytreksnepal.com/information/altitude_sicknes
Hypoxia:

http://pharmacistben.com/health/oxygen-deficiency-hypoxia/

High Altitude Cough:

 https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/dry-cough-28712961.jpg

https://images.medicinenet.com/images/appictures/cough-s3a-causes.jpg

High Altitude Digestion:

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29-14wcyxy.jpeg?1386593406
https://edc2.healthtap.com/ht-staging/user_answer/avatars/264533/large/open-uri20120702-289
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