List of symbols Page 1 of 2

List of symbols
Where possible, the same symbols are used as in the design codes.

Wall geometry

At : Wall thickness at the top (m).

Ab : Wall thickness at the bottom (m).

B : Horizontal base dimension in front of the wall (m).

C : Depth of the base (m).

D : Horizontal base dimension at back of the wall (m).

F : Depth of the shear key (m).

H1 : Total wall height (m).

H2 : Height of soil in front of the wall (m).

H3 : Height from top of wall to soil level at back of wall (m).

Hr : Height of the support point from the top of the wall for a simply supported or propped cantilevered wall (m).

Hw : Height of water table, measured from the top of wall (m).

x : Inclination of the wall (m).

xf : Position of the shear key, measured from the front of the base (m).

xL : Position of the line load, measured from the front edge of the wall (m).

xP : Position of the point load, measured from the front edge of the wall (m).

: Angle of soil behind wall ().

Material properties

fcu : Concrete cube compressive strength (MPa).

fy : Reinforcement yield strength (MPa).

: Angle of friction between wall and soil (). Must be zero if Rankine theory is specified.

: Angle of internal friction ().

: Poissons ration for the soil. The plane strain value should be used rather than the triaxial value see geometry and
loads input.

Applied loads

kh : Horizontal acceleration for seismic analysis (g).

kv : Vertical acceleration for seismic analysis (g).

L : Line load on or behind the wall (kN/m).

Lh : Horizontal line load at top of wall (kN/m).

P : Point load on or behind the wall (kN).

mk:@MSITStore:C:\Prokon\Help\Wall.chm::/Retaining_wall_design/Theory_and_app... 12/3/2017
List of symbols Page 2 of 2

W : Uniform distributed load behind the wall (kN/m2).

Design parameters

DLfact : Ultimate limit state dead load factor.

LLfact : Ultimate limit state live load factor.

Pmax : Design bearing pressure at serviceability limit state (kPa)

SFOvt : Allowable safety factor for overturning at serviceability limit state.

SFSlip : Allowable safety factor for slip at serviceability limit state.

Design output

As1 : Flexural reinforcement in the wall (mm2).

As2 : Flexural reinforcement in the back part of the base (mm2).

As3 : Flexural reinforcement in the front part of the base (mm2).

Ac1 : Compression reinforcement in the wall (mm2).

Ac2 : Compression reinforcement in the back part of the base (mm2).

Ac3 : Compression reinforcement in the front part of the base (mm2).

Ds : Density of soil (kN/m3).

K : Active pressure coefficient, including seismic effects.

Ka : Active pressure coefficient.

Kp : Passive pressure coefficient.

Kps : Passive pressure coefficient including seismic effects.

M1 : Maximum ultimate moment in the wall (kNm).

M2 : Maximum ultimate moment in back part of the base (kNm).

M3 : Maximum ultimate moment in front part of the base (kNm).

Pfac : Pressure factor used for Terzaghi-Peck pressure distribution diagram.

V : Shear force in wall at base-wall junction (kN).

v : Shear stress in wall at base-wall junction (MPa).

vc : Allowable shear stress in wall at base-wall junction (MPa).

: Friction coefficient between base and soil.

mk:@MSITStore:C:\Prokon\Help\Wall.chm::/Retaining_wall_design/Theory_and_app... 12/3/2017