4-Channel RF Remote Control Working

We have used 2 ICs:

1. Holtek HT12E on Transmitter side

2. Holtek HT12D on Receiver side.

The workings of transmitter and receiver are explained separately.

Transmitter

The pins 1 to 8 on IC HT12E are called the Address Pins. These pins are active HIGH. We
have kept all these pins open i.e. all of them are in logic 1 state because of pull-up resistor in the IC.
The pin 9 is to be grounded. The pins 10 to 13 are called the Input Data Pins. These pins are active
LOW. One terminal of each of four switches is connected to these pins. The other terminal of these
4-pin switches is grounded. If the switch is closed the corresponding pin is connected to ground
indicating logic 1 state. When the switch is open the corresponding pin goes to logic 0 state. The
pin 14 is called the Transmission Enable pin. It is also active LOW. The transmission takes place if
and only if this pin is grounded. Between pins 15 and 16 a resistor is to be connected which
determines the frequency of oscillation for the clock. Here, a 750 kilo-ohm resistor is used which
corresponds to a frequency of around 4kHz (Source: Datasheet of Encoder IC HT12E). The pin 17
outputs digital data serially. This pin is connected to the ASK Tx module which performs the digital
modulation of the output data using a 434MHz carrier using Amplitude Shift Keying technique. The
pin 18 is connected to 5V supply. 5V supply is obtained using LM7805 Voltage Regulator IC.

Receiver
Here also, the pins 1 to 8 are called Address Pins. These pins are active HIGH. We have kept
all these pins open i.e. all of them are in logic 1 state. Because of this, both the transmitter and the
receiver have the same address and communication can take place. The pin 9 is to be grounded. The
pins 10 to 13 are called the Output Data Pins. These pins are active LOW. Each of these pins is
connected to the cathode of a LED with the help of a series resistor to limit current. The anode of
each of the LEDs is connected to 5V supply which is again obtained using LM7805 voltage regulator
IC. When the pin is in logic 1 state, potential at the corresponding pin is low. Because of the
potential difference hence created, the LED glows. Similarly, when the pin is in logic 0 state,
potential at the corresponding pin goes high. As a result, the potential difference between the
terminals of LED is zero. So, the LED remains off. The pin 14 receives the serial data from the ASK Rx
module which receives the signal and demodulates it and converts it to digital data. Between pins 15
and 16 a resistor is to be connected which determines the frequency of oscillation for the clock. The
frequency of oscillation for the decoder should be 50 times that of frequency of oscillation of
encoder (Source: Datasheet of Decoder IC HT12D). Here, a 30 kilo-ohm resistor is used which
corresponds to a frequency of around 200kHz (Source: Datasheet of Encoder IC HT12E). The pin 17 is
called the Valid Transmission pin. This pin is active HIGH. It is connected to a LED through a series
resistor. The addresses of the transmitter and the receiver are checked 3 times. If they match pin 17
goes high and the LED glows. The pin 18 is connected to 5V supply.
Antenna

The frequency here is 434MHz. Wavelength corresponding to this frequency turns out to be around
68cm. So, the antenna length is around 17cm.(68/4=17 cm).