Arbitration Procedures and Practice in Philippines Overview

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Arbitration procedures and practice in Philippines: overview, Practical Law Country
Q&A...
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Arbitration procedures and practice in Philippines: overview
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by\u160\'3f
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Simeon V. Marcelo
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, Cruz Marcelo & Tenefrancia
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Country Q&A |
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Law stated as at 01-Dec-2015
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| Philippines
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A Q&A guide to arbitration law and practice in Philippines.
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The country-specific Q&A guide provides a structured overview of the key practical
issues concerning arbitration in this jurisdiction, including any mandatory
provisions and default rules applicable under local law, confidentiality, local
courts\rquote willingness to assist arbitration, enforcement of awards and the
available remedies, both final and interim.
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To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions visit the
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Arbitration procedures and practice Country Q&A tool
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.
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This Q&A is part of the global guide to arbitration. For a full list of
jurisdictional Q&As visit
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www.practicallaw.com/arbitration-mjg
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.
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Use of arbitration and recent trends
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1.
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How is commercial arbitration used and what are the recent trends?
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Use of commercial arbitration
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The Republic of the Philippines has a strong and categorical government policy of
promoting alternative modes of dispute resolution, including mediation and
arbitration, and a government-initiated mandate to include arbitration clauses in
government contracts. With this and the Supreme Court\rquote s recent issuance of
procedural rules clarifying and limiting court intervention in disputes with
arbitration agreements, commercial arbitration is gaining ground in the mainstream
Philippine dispute resolution arena. In particular, the construction industry is
the sector that commonly uses arbitration, due to the established presence of the
Philippine Construction Industry Arbitration Commission (CIAC), which was created
pursuant to Executive Order No. 1008 signed on 04 February 1985.
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Recent trends
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A large number of commercial disputes in the Philippines relating to international
business transactions are currently being resolved through commercial arbitration.
This trend began about two decades ago in the Philippines and most of the parties
to these commercial arbitrations use international arbitral institutions.
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Based on available data in 2013 and 2014, the Philippine Dispute Resolution Center
Inc. (PDRCI) handled 17 cases with total values of PHP16.2 billion, respectively.
Comparatively, the CIAC handled 46 cases in 2013 with a total value in dispute of
PHP835.2 million, which increased to 61 cases in 2014 with a total value of PHP4.6
billion (
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Source: PDRCI Official Report for 2014
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). A total number of 859 cases have been filed with the CIAC between 1989 and
August 2015, with the total sum in dispute of around PHP46 billion. Further, 682 of
these cases were resolved by arbitral awards while 91 were settled through
compromise agreements for which arbitral awards were rendered based on the terms of
settlement between the parties.
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Alternative modes of dispute resolution are expected to become more popular and
extensive in the coming years. This is especially true considering the continuous
promotion of arbitration and other modes of dispute resolution from the public and
private sectors. Another factor is the lack of credibility in the judicial system.
This is due to allegations of corruption and an inadequate number of courts,
leading to notoriously slow proceedings, which take many years to reach completion.
As a consequence, big domestic commercial corporations that require a shorter
period of time to resolve their dispute and require the decision of a fair,
independent and impartial tribunal are now starting to choose arbitration instead
of court litigation.
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Advantages/disadvantages
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Arbitration is considered more advantageous than court litigation in the
Philippines for the following reasons:
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Confidentiality.
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Shorter time-scale.
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Parties can appoint arbitrators based on their special knowledge, skill or
experience.
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Parties have more flexibility in the conduct of and in selecting the rules that
govern the proceedings.
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The finality of the award. The modification or reversal of arbitral awards is
legally possible only on very stringent and specified grounds unlike decisions
rendered in court litigation.
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The guarantee of the impartiality, fairness and independence of arbitrator(s).
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On the other hand, the disadvantages of resolving a dispute through arbitration in
the Philippines are:
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The final decision of an arbitrator is difficult to overturn even if erroneous with
respect to the merits.
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The cost of arbitration has risen dramatically in recent years.
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Some pieces of evidences which are, under the Rules of Court, obviously
inadmissible, can be admitted and considered by the arbitral tribunal.
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The weight placed on evidence by the tribunal may not be very clear to the parties.
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Third party joinder is limited or may even be prohibited
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Legislative framework
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Applicable legislation
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2.
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What legislation applies to arbitration? To what extent has your jurisdiction
adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration 1985
(UNCITRAL Model Law)?
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Arbitration in the Philippines is regulated by the:
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Civil Code of the Philippines.
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Republic Act 9876 otherwise known as the Arbitration Law.
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Republic Act 9285 otherwise known as the Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 2004
(Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 2004).
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Supreme Court\rquote s A.M. No. 07-11-08-SC 01 September 2009 or the Special Rules
of Court on Alternative Dispute Resolution.
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Philippine law, under Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 2004, has adopted in
its entirety the UNCITRAL Model Law (Model Law). Therefore, some provisions of the
Model Law, such as the definition of international arbitration, appointment of
arbitrators, and jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal, have been made applicable
to domestic arbitration.
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Mandatory legislative provisions
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3.
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Are there any mandatory legislative provisions? What is their effect?
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Regardless of the agreement of the parties, domestic awards can be vacated on the
following grounds (
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rule 11.4, Special Rules of Court on Alternative Dispute Resolution
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):
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The arbitral award was procured through corruption, fraud or other undue means.
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There is evidence of partiality or corruption in the arbitral tribunal or any of
its members.
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The arbitral tribunal was guilty of misconduct or any form of misbehaviour that has
materially prejudiced the rights of any party.
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One or more of the arbitrators was disqualified to act as such under the law and
deliberately refrained from disclosing this disqualification.
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The arbitral tribunal exceeded its powers, or imperfectly executed them, so that a
complete, final and definite award on the subject matter submitted to them was not
made.
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}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The arbitration agreement did not exist, is invalid or is otherwise unenforceable.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
A party to arbitration is a minor or a person judicially declared to be
incompetent.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
4.
}
}
Does the law of limitation apply to arbitration proceedings?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The following matters cannot be the subject of arbitration (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
section 6, Republic Act 9285 otherwise known as the Alternative Dispute Resolution
Act of 2004 and Article 2035, Civil Code of the Philippines
}
}
):
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Labour disputes covered by the Labour Code.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Civil status of persons.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Validity of marriage.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Any grounds for legal separation.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Jurisdiction of courts.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Future legitime (that is, the future right of an heir to the portion of the
deceased\rquote s property which he is entitled under the law regardless of the
provisions in the predecessor\rquote s will).
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Criminal liability.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Future support (that is, the right to the support of spouses, descendants,
ascendants and siblings at some future time).
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Limitation
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
5.
}
}
Does the law of limitation apply to arbitration proceedings?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
There is no specific Philippine legal provision that governs limitation periods in
arbitration proceedings. However, as the right to arbitrate arises from a written
contract between the parties, the general law of limitation may apply, which states
that proceedings must be commenced within ten years from the date the right to
institute arises under the written contract of the parties (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Article 1144, Civil Code of the Philippines
}
}
(Civil Code)).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
However, nothing prohibits the parties, from agreeing on a different period of
limitation as well as the grounds for suspension of the time limits. The usual
causes like
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
force majeure
}
}
are applicable and contracting parties can establish such stipulations, clauses,
terms and conditions as they deem convenient, provided they are not contrary to
law, morals, good customs, public order, or public policy (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Article 1306, Civil Code
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
However, the Philippine Supreme Court recognises the equitable defence of laches
(that is, the failure or neglect, for an unreasonable and unexplained length of
time, to do that which, by exercising due diligence could or should have been done
earlier). It is negligence or omission not to assert a right within a reasonable
time, warranting the presumption that the party entitled to assert his right has
either abandoned or declined to assert it (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Heirs of Nieto vs. Municipality of Meycauayan, 540 SCRA 100 (2007)
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs28 \cf20 \i0
Arbitration Organisations
\par
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
6.
}
}
Which arbitration organisations are commonly used to resolve large commercial
disputes?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The Construction Industry Arbitration Commission (CIAC) and the Philippine Dispute
Resolution Center Inc (PDRCI) are commonly used to resolve large commercial
disputes in the Philippines. The subject matter of arbitration proceedings
conducted by the CIAC is limited to disputes arising out of construction contracts.
Arbitration proceedings in the CIAC have been considered by the Philippine Supreme
Court as part of traditional judicial proceedings. Therefore, the decisions of CIAC
may be appealed to the Court of Appeals and subsequently, to the Supreme Court, but
only on questions of law (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
rule 43, Revised Rules of Court in the Philippines
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The ICC International Court of Arbitration, the Singapore International Arbitration
Centre and the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre are the arbitration
institutions that are commonly specified in contracts in the Philippines that have
an international component.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
PDRCI is the arbitral organisation that most commonly administers arbitration
proceedings, involving all kinds of subject matter (with the exception of
construction contracts).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
See box,
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Main arbitration organisations
}
}}}
.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs28 \cf20 \i0
Jurisdictional issues
\par
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
7.
}
}
What remedies are available where one party denies that the tribunal has
jurisdiction to determine the dispute(s)? Does your jurisdiction recognise the
concept of kompetenz-kompetenz? Does the tribunal or the local court determine
issues of jurisdiction?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
A party questioning the jurisdiction of an arbitral tribunal can apply to the local
courts for judicial relief in determining the issue of the existence, validity and
enforceability of the arbitration agreement. However, when a court is asked to rule
on issues affecting the competence or jurisdiction of an arbitral tribunal in a
dispute brought before it, the court must exercise judicial restraint and defer to
the competence or jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal by allowing the arbitral
tribunal the first opportunity to rule on such issues (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
) (Special ADR Rules)).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
However, the Special ADR Rules also recognise the principle of
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
kompetenz-kompetenz
}
}
, which means that the arbitral tribunal can initially rule on its own
jurisdiction, including any objections with respect to the existence or validity of
the arbitration agreement (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
rule 2.2, Special ADR Rules
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs28 \cf20 \i0
Arbitration agreements
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Validity requirements
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
8.
}
}
What are the requirements for an arbitration agreement to be enforceable?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Substantive/formal requirements
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
An arbitration agreement can arise in the following ways:
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Two more persons can agree to submit to an arbitration of one or more arbitrators,
any controversy existing between them at the time of the submission, which may be
the subject of an action.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The parties to any contract can agree to settle by arbitration a controversy
thereafter arising between them.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Such submission or contract will be valid, enforceable, and irrevocable, save on
such grounds that exist under the law for revocation of any contract (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
section 2, Republic Act 9876 otherwise known as the Arbitration Law
}
}
) (Arbitration Law).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
A contract or a submission to arbitrate, must be in writing and signed by the
parties or their lawful agents (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
section 4, Arbitration Law
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Separate arbitration agreement
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Under the law, an arbitration agreement is valid so long as it is in writing and
signed by the parties to the agreement, or by their lawful agents. Therefore, a
clause in the main contract is sufficient and a separate arbitration agreement is
not needed, so long as the requirements for a contract are met (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Furthermore, the Republic Act 9285 otherwise known as the Alternative Dispute
Resolution Act of 2004 (Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 2004), (which adopted
the UNCITRAL Model Law in its entirety (Model Law)) provides that an arbitration
agreement can be in the form of an arbitration clause in a contract or in a
separate agreement.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The Model Law states that the reference in a contract to a document containing an
arbitration clause constitutes an arbitration agreement, provided that the contract
is in writing and the reference is such as to make that clause part of the contract
(
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Article 7(6), Model Law
}
}
,
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 2004
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Unilateral or optional clauses
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
9.
}
}
Are unilateral or optional clauses, where one party has the right to choose
arbitration, enforceable?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
There is no express prohibition on unilateral or optional clauses. Therefore, an
arbitration agreement giving one party the right to choose arbitration is likely to
be enforceable under the principle of party autonomy (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Act of 2004
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
10.
}
}
In what circumstances can a third party that did not sign the contract
incorporating the arbitral clause in question be compelled to arbitrate disputes
relating to the contract in question?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
As a general rule, an arbitration agreement is consensual and therefore only
binding on the contracting parties. Therefore, parties that did not sign the
contract cannot be compelled to arbitrate disputes relating to the contract, except
when the contract contains a reference to a document containing an arbitration
clause to which the third party is a signatory.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
11.
}
}
In what circumstance is a third party that did not sign the contract incorporating
the arbitral clause in question entitled to compel a party that did sign the
contract to arbitrate disputes relating to the contract?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
A third party that did not sign a contract incorporating an arbitral clause may
compel a party that did sign the contract to arbitrate, if the contract contains a
reference to a document containing an arbitral clause and the reference is such as
to make that arbitration clause part of the contract (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
section 7(2), UNCITRAL Model Law
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Separability
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
12.
}
}
Does the applicable law recognise the separability of arbitration agreements?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The Special Rules of Court on Alternative Dispute Resolution (Special ADR Rules)
recognise the principle of separability of the arbitration clause. An arbitration
clause must be treated as an agreement independent of the other terms of the
contract of which it forms part. Therefore, a decision that the contract is null
and void will not necessarily lead to the invalidity of the arbitration clause (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Breach of an arbitration agreement
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
13.
}
}
What remedies are available where a party starts court proceedings in breach of an
arbitration agreement or initiates arbitration in breach of a valid jurisdiction
clause?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Court proceedings in breach of an arbitration agreement
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Where parties have agreed to submit their dispute to arbitration, the local courts
must refer the parties to arbitration, bearing in mind that the arbitration
agreement is the law between the parties and they are expected to abide by it in
good faith
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
(rule 2.2 (A), Special Rules of Court on Alternative Dispute Resolution
}
}
(Special ADR Rules).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Arbitration in breach of a valid jurisdiction clause
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
A party who initiates arbitration in breach of a valid jurisdiction clause (whether
contained in an arbitration clause or in a submission agreement), can file a motion
requesting the local court to refer the parties to arbitration in accordance with
the jurisdiction clause (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
14.
}
}
Will the local courts grant an injunction to restrain proceedings started overseas
in breach of an arbitration agreement?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Assuming that a valid application for an injunction has been filed in the local
court with jurisdiction over matter, the court can grant an injunction to restrain
the parties to continue proceedings started overseas in breach of an arbitration
agreement.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Joinder of third parties
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
15.
}
}
In what circumstances can a third party be joined to an arbitration or otherwise be
bound by an arbitration award?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
As a general rule, an arbitration agreement is consensual and therefore only
binding on the contracting parties. However, a third party can be joined to an
arbitration or be bound by an arbitration award, if the contract between the main
parties contains a reference to a document containing a arbitration clause to which
the third party is a signatory and the reference is such as to make that
arbitration clause part of the contract (section 7(2), UNCITRAL Model Law) (see
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Question 11
}
}}}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Specific rules apply to third party securing loans between a lender and a borrower.
Unless otherwise expressly agreed on by the third-party securing the loan, his
agreement to be bound by an arbitration agreement in a loan agreement will be
limited to disputes arising from or in connection with the relationship between the
lender and the borrower, as well as the relationship between the lender and such
third-party (including the right of the lender to proceed against the collateral
securing the loan) However, it will exclude disputes arising out of the exclusive
relationship between the borrower and the provider of security, such as a claim by
the provider of security for indemnification against the borrower (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
rule A.6, Special Rules of Court on Alternative Dispute Resolution
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs28 \cf20 \i0
Arbitrators
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Number and qualifications/characteristics
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
16.
}
}
Are there any legal requirements relating to the number and
qualifications/characteristics of arbitrators? Must an arbitrator be a national of,
or licensed to practice in, your jurisdiction in order to serve as an arbitrator
there?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The parties are free to determine the number of arbitrators. However, if this is
not expressly agreed, the default position is three (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Article 10, UNCITRAL Model Law
}
}
(Model Law),
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Act of 2004
}
}
.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
A person appointed as an arbitrator must be of legal age, have full civil rights
and must know how to read and write. The person appointed as an arbitrator must not
(
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
) (Arbitration Law):
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Be related by blood or marriage up to the sixth degree to either party to the
arbitration agreement.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Have or have had any financial, fiduciary or other interest in the dispute.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Have any personal bias that might prejudice the right of any party to a fair and
impartial award.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
No person shall be precluded by reason of his nationality from acting as an
arbitrator, unless otherwise agreed by the parties (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Article 11(1), Model Law
}
}
,
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
)
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Independence/impartiality
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
17.
}
}
Are there any requirements relating to arbitrators\rquote independence and/or
impartiality?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
See
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Question 16
}
}}}
.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Appointment/removal
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
18.
}
}
Does the law contain default provisions relating to the appointment and/or removal
of arbitrators?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Appointment of arbitrators
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The court must act as the appointing authority (the person or institution named as
such in an arbitration agreement) to appoint arbitrators in the following instances
(
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
(Special
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
ADR Rules
}
}
)):
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Where any of the parties in an institutional arbitration:
\par {\pntext }
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0 {\fi-360 \li {\*\pn \pnlvlblt \ilvl0
\ls37 \pnindent480 \pnf1 {\f2 \pntxtb \u8226\'3f}}{\listtext \li960 \f5 \qj \b0
\ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0 \u8226\'3f\tab }\ls37 {\pntext }
{\li960 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li960 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
fail or refuse to appoint an arbitrator; or
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li960 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li960 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
fail to reach an agreement on the sole arbitrator (in an arbitration before a sole
arbitrator).
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}{\pntext }
}
{\li580 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
When the two designated arbitrators fail to reach an agreement on the third or
presiding arbitrator (in an arbitration to be conducted by three arbitrators), and
the institution under whose rules arbitration is to be conducted fails or is unable
to perform its duty as appointing authority within a reasonable time from receipt
of the request for appointment.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
In all instances where arbitration is ad hoc and:
\par {\pntext }
}
}
\ls41 \pnindent480 \pnf1 {\f2 \pntxtb \u8226\'3f}}{\listtext \li960 \f5 \qj \b0
\ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0 \u8226\'3f\tab }\ls41 {\pntext }
{\li960 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li960 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
the parties failed to provide a method for appointing or replacing an arbitrator,
or substitute arbitrator; or
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li960 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li960 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
the method agreed on is ineffective; and
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li960 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li960 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
the National President of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines or his duly
authorised representative fails or refuses to appoint an arbitrator.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}{\pntext }
}
{\li580 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
If the appointing authority fails or refuses to act or appoint an arbitrator within
a reasonable time from receipt of the request to do so, any party or the appointed
arbitrator(s) can request the court to appoint an arbitrator or the third
arbitrator as the case may be.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Removal of arbitrators
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
An arbitrator can be removed in accordance with the procedure agreed by the parties
or as provided for in Article 13(2) of the UNCITRAL Model Law. If challenged, an
arbitrator can be removed by an appointing authority or the court, on application,
if the appointing authority fail or refuses to act on the challenge (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
). The disqualification can occur if the arbitrator (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
section 10,Republic Act 9876 otherwise known as the Arbitration Law
}
}
):
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Is related by blood or marriage within the sixth degree to either party to the
controversy.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Has or had financial, fiduciary or other interest in the controversy or cause to be
decided or in the result of the proceeding.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Has any personal bias which might prejudice the right of any party to a fair and
impartial award.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs28 \cf20 \i0
Procedure
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Commencement of arbitral proceedings
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
19.
}
}
Does the law provide default rules governing the commencement of arbitral
proceedings?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Philippine law does not provide for default rules governing the commencement of
arbitral proceedings. The parties are free to agree on the rules governing the
commencement of arbitral proceedings. However, arbitration must commence by service
to the other party of a demand for arbitration (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
section 5, Republic Act 9876 otherwise known as the Arbitration Law and Article 21,
UNCITRAL Model Law
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Applicable rules
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
20.
}
}
What procedural rules are arbitrators likely to follow? Can the parties determine
the procedural rules that apply? Does the law provide any default rules governing
procedure?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Applicable procedural rules
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Arbitrators are likely to follow the UNCITRAL Rules of Procedure, International
Chamber of Commerce Rules of Procedure and the Philippine Dispute Resolution Center
Inc Rules of Procedure. The parties are also free to agree on the procedure to be
followed in the conduct of arbitral proceedings, including the adoption of
procedural rules of institutional arbitration (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
(Special ADR Rules)).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Default rules
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
If parties fail to agree on the procedure to be followed, the arbitral tribunal can
conduct arbitration in the manner it considers appropriate (rule 2.3,
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Special ADR Rules
}
}
), taking into account the provisions of the Republic Act 9876 otherwise known as
the Arbitration Law and the Alternative Dispute Resolution Act 2004.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Arbitrator\rquote s powers
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
21.
}
}
What procedural powers does the arbitrator have under the applicable law? If there
is no express agreement, can the arbitrator order disclosure of documents and
attendance of witnesses (factual or expert)?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Regardless of any agreement between the parties, the arbitrators have the power to
(
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
) (Arbitration Law):
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Require any person to attend a hearing as a witness.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Subpoena witnesses and order the disclosure of documents when relevant to the case.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Take measures to safeguard and/or conserve any matter that is the subject of the
dispute in arbitration (at any time before rendering the award).
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
An arbitrator can also require the parties to produce additional evidence that it
deems necessary for the understanding and determination of the dispute (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
However, that the arbitral tribunal has no inherent contempt powers; accordingly,
the arbitral tribunal must apply to the proper court to enforce such orders and
request sanctions in instances of non-compliance.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The parties can also request the court for assistance in taking evidence and the
disclosure of documents (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs28 \cf20 \i0
Evidence
\par
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
22.
}
}
What documents must the parties disclose to the other parties and/or the
arbitrator? How, in practice, does the scope of disclosure in arbitrations compare
with disclosure in domestic court litigation? Can the parties set the rules on
disclosure by agreement?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Scope of disclosure
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Much like court litigation in the Philippines, the parties are not required by law
to make any disclosures to the other party or the arbitrator, unless directed by
the arbitral tribunal in circumstances of necessity, relevance and materiality.
However, the parties are not precluded from making any voluntary disclosures.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Parties\rquote choice
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
In accordance with the principle of party autonomy contained in the Civil Code and
section 2 of the Alternative Dispute Resolution Act 2004, nothing prohibits the
parties in agreeing to set the rules on disclosure, including an agreement to
require both parties to disclose all relevant, material and necessary facts and
documents.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs28 \cf20 \i0
Confidentiality
\par
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
23.
}
}
Is arbitration confidential? If so, what is the scope of that confidentiality and
who is subject to the obligation (parties, arbitrators, institutions and so on)?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The arbitration proceedings, including the records, evidence and the arbitral
award, are confidential and must not be published (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Act of 2004
}
}
)(Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 2004).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Information is deemed confidential if it is intended by the source not to be
disclosed, or obtained under circumstances that would create a reasonable
expectation on behalf of the source that the information must not be disclosed.
This includes (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
section 3 (h),Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 2004
}
}
):
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Communications (oral or written) made in a dispute resolution proceedings,
including memoranda, notes or work products of the neutral party or non-party
participant.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Pleadings, motions manifestations, witness statements, reports filed or submitted
in arbitration.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The restriction on confidentiality applies to all the participants in the
arbitration proceedings, including parties, arbitrators and non-party participants
such as witnesses, resource persons or experts and institutions.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs28 \cf20 \i0
Courts and arbitration
\par
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
24.
}
}
Will the local courts intervene to assist arbitration proceedings seated in its
jurisdiction?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
As a general rule, the courts must exercise judicial restraint in relation to
arbitration proceedings (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
rules 2.4 and 3.8, Special Rules of Court on Alternative Dispute Resolution
}
}
(Special ADR Rules)). However, they can intervene in arbitration proceedings in
certain limited instances.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Section 28(a) of the Republic Act 9285 otherwise known as the Alternative Dispute
Resolution Act of 2004 provides that after the constitution of the arbitral
tribunal and during arbitral proceedings, a request for an interim measure of
protection or modification thereof can be made to the arbitral tribunal. A petition
for interim measure of protection can be made with the court after the constitution
of the arbitral tribunal and at any time during the arbitral proceedings but only
to the extent that the arbitral tribunal has no power to act or is unable to act
effectively (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The Philippine Regional Trial Court has jurisdiction over arbitration-related
applications.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
25.
}
}
What is the risk of a local court intervening to frustrate an arbitration seated in
its jurisdiction? Can a party delay proceedings by frequent court applications?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Risk of court intervention
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The Supreme Court has laid down a policy of judicial restraint when courts are
asked to rule on issues affecting the competence or jurisdiction of an arbitral
tribunal, by allowing the tribunal to have the first opportunity to rule on such
issues (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
(Special ADR Rules)). Further, unless the courts conclude that the arbitration
agreement is null and void, inoperative or incapable of being performed; courts
must suspend court proceedings and refer the parties to arbitration under the
arbitration agreement. Only in very specific instances, as expressly stated in the
Special ADR Rules are the courts allowed to intervene in arbitration proceedings,
therefore, the risk of local court intervention to frustrate the arbitration
proceedings seated in its jurisdiction is minimal.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Delaying proceedings
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
A party cannot delay proceedings by frequent court applications and as a general
rule, court applications during arbitration proceedings must not suspend or
postpone the arbitration proceedings.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs28 \cf20 \i0
Remedies
\par
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
26.
}
}
What interim remedies are available from the tribunal?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Interim measures
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the arbitral tribunal can, at the request
of a party, order any party to take such interim measures of protection as the
arbitral tribunal may consider necessary. The interim measures include but are not
limited to:
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Preliminary injunctions directed against a party.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Appointment of receivers.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Detention, preservation or inspection of property that is the subject of the
dispute in arbitration.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Either party can apply to the court for assistance in implementing or enforcing
interim measures ordered by an arbitral tribunal (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Act of 2004
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The court can only issue interim remedies in the following instances (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
(Special ADR Rules)):
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Before arbitration has commenced.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
After arbitration has commenced, but before the constitution of the arbitral
tribunal.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
After the constitution of the arbitral tribunal and at any time during arbitral
proceedings but, at this stage, only to the extent that the arbitral tribunal has
no power to act or is unable to act effectively.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Ex parte
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
As a general rule, only courts can grant ex parte interim reliefs when the
applicant alleges that there is an urgent need to (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
):
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Preserve property.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Prevent the respondent from disposing of, or concealing, the property.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Prevent the relief applied for from becoming defunct.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The court must also find that the reasons given by the applicant have merit.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Security
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The order issued by the arbitral tribunal, granting an interim measure of
protection, may be conditioned on the provision of security, the performance of an
act, or omission thereof, specified in the order (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
27.
}
}
What final remedies are available from the tribunal?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Arbitrators have the power to award the expenses of any party against another
party, when such assessment is deemed necessary (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The arbitral tribunal only has the power to decide and give a final award on
matters which have been submitted to them by the parties. Therefore, if the parties
have raised the issue of damages, injunction, costs, interest or any other relief
relating to the subject matter, then the same may be awarded by the arbitral
tribunal. If the parties have not raised these issues before the arbitral tribunal,
then it has no power to rule on them. As a general rule, the arbitral tribunal has
the power to grant any award or final remedy if these are submitted by the parties
for resolution.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Appeals
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
28.
}
}
Can arbitration proceedings and awards be appealed or challenged in the local
courts? What are the grounds and procedure? Can parties waive any rights of appeal
or challenge to an award by agreement before the dispute arises (such as in the
arbitral clause itself)?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Rights of appeal/challenge
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
There is no right of appeal for an arbitral award. An arbitral award is final and
binding (rule 19.7,
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Special Rules of Court on Alternative Dispute Resolution
}
}
(Special ADR Rules)). Consequently, a party to an arbitration proceeding is
precluded from filing an appeal or a petition for
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
certiorari
}
}
(a writ seeking judicial review) questioning the merits of an arbitral award with
the courts (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
). However, an arbitral award can be vacated, modified, corrected, or set aside
under very limited specified grounds by court action (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
sections 24 and 25, Republic Act 9876 otherwise known as the Arbitration Law , rule
11.1, Special ADR Rules
}
}
) (see
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
Question 3
}
}}}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The exception to the general rule is an arbitral award rendered by the Construction
Industry Arbitration Commission (CIAC), which can be appealed to the Court of
Appeals (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
rule 43, Revised Rules of Court of the Philippines
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Furthermore, a party to an arbitration can petition the Regional Trial Court to
confirm, correct or vacate an arbitral award (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
). The decision and orders of the Regional Trial Court relating to the arbitral
award can be reviewed by the Court of Appeals and subsequently by the Supreme Court
(
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
rules 19.8, 19.12 and 19.36, Special ADR Rules
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Grounds and procedure
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
An appeal to the Court of Appeals can be made on at least one of the following
final orders of the Regional Trial Court (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
rule 19.12, Special ADR Rules):
\par
}
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Granting or denying an interim measure of protection.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Denying a petition for appointment of an arbitrator.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Denying a petition for assistance in taking evidence.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Enjoining or refusing to enjoin a person from divulging confidential information.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Confirming, vacating or correcting/modifying a domestic arbitral award.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Setting aside an international commercial arbitration award.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Dismissing the petition to set aside an international commercial arbitration award
even if the court does not decide to recognise or enforce such award.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Recognising and/or enforcing an international commercial arbitration award.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Dismissing a petition to enforce an international commercial arbitration award.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Recognising and/or enforcing a foreign arbitral award.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Refusing recognition and/or enforcement of a foreign arbitral award.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Granting or dismissing a petition to enforce a deposited mediated settlement
agreement.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Reversing the ruling of the arbitral tribunal upholding its jurisdiction.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
When the Regional Trial Court, has acted without or in excess of its jurisdiction,
or with grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction, and
there is no appeal or any plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course
of law, a party can file a special civil action for certiorari to annul or set
aside the order on one of the following grounds] (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
):
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The arbitration agreement is inexistent, invalid or unenforceable.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Reversing the arbitral tribunal\rquote s preliminary determination upholding its
jurisdiction.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Denying the request to refer the dispute to arbitration.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Granting or refusing an interim relief.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Denying a petition for the appointment of an arbitrator.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Confirming, vacating or correcting a domestic arbitral award.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Suspending the proceedings to set aside an international commercial arbitral award
and referring the case back to the arbitral tribunal.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Allowing a party to enforce an international commercial arbitral award pending
appeal.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Adjourning or deferring a ruling on whether to set aside, recognise and or enforce
an international commercial arbitral award.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Allowing a party to enforce a foreign arbitral award pending appeal.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Denying a petition for assistance in taking evidence.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
A party, who is not satisfied with the decision of the Court of Appeals, can appeal
to the Supreme Court. However, review by the Supreme Court is not a matter of
right, but of sound judicial discretion, which will be granted only for serious and
compelling reasons resulting in grave prejudice to the aggrieved party (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Arbitral awards made by the CIAC can be appealed through the standard procedure for
appeal for quasi-judicial bodies to the Court of Appeals under Rule 43 of the
Revised Rules of Court of the Philippines.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Excluding rights of appeal
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Arbitration is a consensual agreement between the parties. As such, parties may
include a stipulation regarding the waiver of rights to challenge an award.
However, such waiver may be questioned in court as being contrary to \lquote
\rquote ...morals, good customs, public order, or public policy\rquote \rquote (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Article 1306, Civil Code of the Philippines
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
29.
}
}
What is the limitations period applicable to actions to vacate or challenge and
international arbitration award rendered?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
A petition to set aside an arbitral award can only be filed within three months of
receiving the award. If a timely request is made to the arbitral tribunal for the
correction, interpretation or request for an additional award, the three month-
period begins when the applicant the resolution of this request (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
rule 12.2(B), Special Rules of Court on Alternative Dispute Resolution
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs28 \cf20 \i0
Costs
\par
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
30.
}
}
What legal fee structures can be used? Are fees fixed by law?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Like in court litigation, the legal fees are subject to agreement between the
lawyer and his client such as:
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Hourly rates.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Contingency basis.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Based on tasks accomplished.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Success fees.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
A combination of the enumerated fee structures.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Fees may be reduced if found to be unconscionable or unreasonable (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
section 24, rule 138, Revised Rules of Court
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
31.
}
}
Does the unsuccessful party have to pay the successful party\rquote s costs? How
does the tribunal usually calculate any costs award and what factors does it
consider?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Cost allocation
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The arbitral tribunal has discretion as to how the costs of the arbitration process
are awarded (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Cost calculation
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Awarded costs usually include the expenses (or a portion of them) of any party
against another party. Whether a successful party\u8217\'3fs costs (in full or
partially), can be recovered is at the tribunal\rquote s discretion.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Following the general rule in evidence, the party who asserts that he is entitled
to costs has the burden of proving the same. The tribunal is prohibited from
awarding costs that cannot be proved.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Factors considered
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The tribunal can takes into consideration all the circumstances of the case. An
example is whether the arbitration case presented difficult questions of law and
therefore, that the losing party acted sincerely in pursuing or resisting the
claims.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs28 \cf20 \i0
Enforcement of an award
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Domestic awards
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
32.
}
}
To what extent is an arbitration award made in your jurisdiction enforceable in the
local courts?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The petition for enforcement and recognition of an arbitral award can be filed
anytime after the award is made. Once the court is satisfied that the petition
filed meets the requirements of rule 12 of the Special Rules of Court on
Alternative Dispute Resolution (Special ADR Rules), the court must serve a copy of
it on the respondent, directing him to file an opposition within 15 days of
receipt. The respondent can file a petition to set aside the award in opposition to
the applicant\rquote s petition to recognise and enforce, or a petition to
recognise and enforce the award in opposition to the applicant\rquote s petition to
set aside (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
rule 12.8, Special ADR Rules).
\par
}
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
A petition to recognise and enforce or set aside an arbitral award can be filed
with the regional trial court (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
):
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Where arbitration proceedings were conducted.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Where any of the assets to be attached or levied on are located.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Where the act ordered in the award will be or is being performed.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Where any of the parties to the arbitration resides or has its place of business.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
In the National Capital Judicial Region.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
If the court finds that the issue between the parties is mainly one of law, the
parties may be required to submit briefs of legal arguments, not more than 15 days
of receipt of the order, which sufficiently discuss the legal issues and the legal
basis for the relief prayed (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
rule 12.9, Special ADR Rules).
\par
}
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Unless a ground to set aside an arbitral award has been fully established, the
court must dismiss the petition. If, in the same proceedings, there is a petition
to recognise and enforce the arbitral award filed in opposition to the petition to
set aside, the court must recognise and enforce it (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Foreign awards
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
33.
}
}
Is your jurisdiction party to international treaties relating to recognition and
enforcement of foreign arbitration awards, such as the Convention on the
Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards 1958 (New York Convention)?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The recognition and enforcement of a foreign arbitral award in the Philippines is
governed by the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral
Awards 1958 (New York Convention) and the Special Rules of Court on Alternative
Dispute Resolution (Special ADR Rules).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
However, the Philippines courts can, on grounds of comity and reciprocity,
recognise and enforce a foreign arbitral award made in a country that is not a
signatory to the New York Convention (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
). Therefore, countries that are not a party to the New York Convention can still
be accorded the privileges under the New York Convention if they accord the
Philippines the same treatment.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
34.
}
}
To what extent is a foreign arbitration award enforceable?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Any party to a foreign arbitration can petition the local courts to recognise and
enforce a foreign arbitral award (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
(Special ADR Rules)). At any time after receipt of a foreign arbitral award, any
party to the arbitration can petition the proper regional trial court to recognise
and enforce the award (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The petition to recognise and enforce a foreign arbitral award can be filed with
the regional trial court (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
):
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Where the assets to be attached or levied on is located.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Where the act ordered in the award will be or is being performed.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Where any of the parties to the arbitration resides or has its place of business.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
In the National Capital Judicial Region.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
If the court finds that the issue between the parties is mainly one of law, the
parties can be required to submit briefs of legal arguments, not more than 30 days
from receipt of the order, which sufficiently discuss the legal issues and the
legal bases for the relief prayed for by each other (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The court must set the case for hearing, if on the basis of the foregoing
submissions; there is a need to do so. The court must give due priority to hearings
on such petitions. During the hearing, the affidavits of witnesses must take the
place of their direct testimonies and they will immediately be subject to cross-
examination. The court must have full control over the proceedings in order to
ensure that the case is heard without undue delay (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
). This procedure must conform to the Judicial Affidavit Rule, which states that:
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
\ls100 \pnindent0 \pnf1 {\f2 \pntxtb \u8226\'3f}}{\listtext \li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Judicial affidavits of witnesses take the place of their direct testimonies.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
\u8226\'3f}}{\listtext \li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
\u8226\'3f\tab }\ls101 {\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The parties must file the judicial affidavits with the court and a serve copy of
each judicial affidavit (personally or by licensed courier) on the adverse party,
not more than five days before the pre-trial/preliminary conference or the
scheduled hearing.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The court must recognise and enforce a foreign arbitral award unless one or more of
the grounds for refusal as provided in rule 13.4 of the Special Rules of Court on
Alternative Dispute Resolution, are established.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
The decision of the court in recognising and enforcing a foreign arbitral award is
immediately enforceable (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
US and UK foreign arbitral awards are enforceable in the Philippines jurisdiction
under the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards
1958.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
35.
}
}
What is the limitations period applicable to actions to enforce international
arbitration awards rendered outside your jurisdiction?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
There is no applicable limitation period to actions to enforce international
arbitration awards rendered outside the Philippines so a party can petition the
proper regional trial court to recognise and enforce a foreign award at any time
after receipt (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
}
}
).
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
However, the Philippine Supreme Court has previously recognised the equitable
defence of laches (the failure or neglect, for an unreasonable and unexplained
length of time, to do that which, by exercising due diligence could or should have
been done earlier). It is negligence to fail to assert a right within a reasonable
time, warranting the presumption that the party entitled to assert his right has
either abandoned or declined to assert it (
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i1
Heirs of Nieto vs. Municipality of Meycauayan, 540 SCRA 100 (2007)
}
}
) Therefore, the application to enforce a foreign arbitral award should be filed
within a reasonable period of time.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf20 \i0
Length of enforcement proceedings
\par
}
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
36.
}
}
How long do enforcement proceedings in the local court take, from the date of
filing the application to the date when the first instance court makes its final
order? Is there an expedited procedure?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Enforcement proceedings in the Philippine courts usually take six months to one
year.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs28 \cf20 \i0
Reform
\par
}
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li620 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri620 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
37.
}
}
Are any changes to the law currently under consideration or being proposed?
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf1 \i0
Senate Bill No. 231 entitled, \lquote \rquote The Philippine Arbitration Act of
2013\rquote \rquote is currently pending. This Senate Bill aims to introduce
mandatory arbitration process for medical malpractice, maritime, insurance,
intellectual property, and intra-corporate issues. While the act will not change
the current arbitration laws of the Philippines it will expand the issues/matters
that are required under the process of arbitration.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}
}{
\clcbpat29 \clpadt600 \clpadft3 \clpadb600 \clpadfb3 \clpadl600 \clpadfl3
\clpadr600 \clpadfr3 \clbrdrt \brdrw20 \brdrcf1 \brdrs \clbrdrb \brdrw20
\brdrcf1 \brdrs \clbrdrl \brdrw20 \brdrcf1 \brdrs \clbrdrr \brdrw20 \brdrcf1 \brdrs
\trql \clwWidth10091 \cellx10091
\intbl
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs28 \cf28 \i0
Main arbitration organisations
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Philippine Dispute Resolution Center, Inc. (PDRCI)
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b1 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Main activities.
}
}
PDRCI offers the following dispute resolution services:
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0 \f5 \li0 \strike0 \ul0 \b0 \qj \sa0 \sb0
\fs20 \ri0 \cf28 \i0 {\fi-360 \li {\*\pn \pnlvlblt \ilvl0 \ls102 \pnindent0 \pnf1
{\f2 \pntxtb \u8226\'3f}}{\listtext \li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
\u8226\'3f\tab }\ls102 {\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Administration of commercial arbitration and mediation.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}\f5 \li480 \strike0 \ul0 \b0 \qj \sa120 \sb0 \fs20 \ri0 \cf28 \i0 {\fi-360 \li
{\*\pn \pnlvlblt \ilvl0 \ls103 \pnindent0 \pnf1 {\f2 \pntxtb \u8226\'3f}}{\listtext
\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0 \u8226\'3f\tab }\ls103 {\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Appointment of arbitrators and mediators.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Organisation of seminars on commercial arbitration.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Provision of training and accreditation.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Networking with various international arbitration centres.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Referral services.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Information on arbitration agreements, rules and arbitration law and practice.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}\f5 \li480 \strike0 \ul0 \b0 \qj \sa120 \sb0 \fs20 \ri0 \cf28 \i0 \intbl
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
PDRCI maintains a panel of local and foreign accredited arbitrators and mediators.
It has also has been actively involved in the dissemination of information about
legislative matters concerning arbitration, trade law and commerce since its
establishment.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b1 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
W
}
}
{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/3-620-
2694?
originationContext=document&vr=3.0&rs=PLUK1.0&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextDa
ta=(sc.Default)" }{\fldrslt
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
www.pdrci.org/
}
}\f5 \strike0 \ul0 \b0 \sa0 \sb0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1 }}
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Construction Industry Arbitration Commission (CIAC)
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b1 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Main activities.
}
}
The CIAC is the body created by law to have original and exclusive jurisdiction
over disputes arising from, or connected with, contracts entered into by parties
involved in construction in the Philippines, whether the dispute arises before or
after the completion of the contract, or after the abandonment or breach thereof.
These disputes involve government or private contracts. For CIAC to acquire
jurisdiction, the parties to a dispute must agree to submit the same to voluntary
arbitration.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b1 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
W
}
}
2696?
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
www.ciap.dti.gov.ph/content/construction-industry-arbitration-commission
}
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}\f5 \li0 \strike0 \ul0 \b0 \qj \sa0 \sb0 \fs20 \ri0 \cf28 \i0 \intbl \cell
\row }}\par {
\intbl
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs28 \cf28 \i0
Online resources
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
The Office of the Alternative Dispute Resolution
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b1 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
W
}
}
2699?
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
http://oadr.doj.gov.ph/
}
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b1 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Description.
}
}
The Office of the Alternative Dispute Resolution is the official government
agency, which promotes, develops and expands the use of alternative dispute
resolution (ADR) in the private and public sectors, assists the government to
monitor, study and evaluate the use to ADR by the public and the private sectors
and recommends to Congress needful statutory changes to develop, strengthen and
improve ADR practices.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
}
}\f5 \li0 \strike0 \ul0 \b0 \qj \sa0 \sb0 \fs20 \ri0 \cf28 \i0 \intbl \cell
\row }}\par {
\intbl
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs28 \cf28 \i0
Contributor profiles
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Atty. Simeon V. Marcelo, Founding Partner and Chief Executive Officer
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b1 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Cruz, Marcelo, & Tenefrancia
\par
}
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li0 \f7 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f7 \b1 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
T
}
}
+63 02 8105858
\par
}
{\li0 \f7 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
}
{\f7 \b1 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
F
}
}
+63 02 8103838
\par
}
{\li0 \f7 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
}
{\f7 \b1 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
E
}
}
{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "mailto:sv.marcelo@cruzmarcelo.com" }{\fldrslt
{\f7 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
sv.marcelo@cruzmarcelo.com
}
\par
{\li0 \f7 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
}
{\f7 \b1 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
W
}
}
{\field {\*\fldinst HYPERLINK "http://www.cruzmarcelo.com/" }{\fldrslt
{\f7 \b0 \fs20 \cf5 \i1
www.cruzmarcelo.com/
}
\par
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b1 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Professional qualifications.
}
}
The Republic of the Philippines, Solicitor, May 1980
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b1 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Areas of practice.
}
}
Commercial litigation and alternative dispute resolution; tax litigation;
telecommunications and information and communications technology; appellate
practice; banking litigation; international civil service law; corporate
recovery/rehabilitation and insolvency.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b1 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Non-professional qualifications.
}
}
Member, Pi Gamma Mu International Social Science Honor Society; Member, Order of
the Purple Feather Honor Society, U.P. College of Law
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b1 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Recent transactions
\par
}
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
\u8226\'3f\tab }\ls109 {\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Member, The World Bank Independent Advis3-518-8905ry Board (2008-2014).
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Co-Arbitrator, ICC International Court of Arbitration (2012-2014).
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Consultant, USAID Anti-Corruption Project in the Philippines (2012-2014).
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Head-Legal Panel that secured this year a very significant favourable Award in an
arbitration proceedings conducted by the Construction Industry Arbitration
Commission (2015).
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Chairman of the Arbitration Panel of an ongoing arbitration proceedings (2015).
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Gamechanger of the Year (Litigation & Dispute Resolution \u8211\'3f Philippines)
\u8211\'3f ACQ Global Awards (2015).
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
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Languages.
}
}
English, Filipino
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
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{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
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Professional associations/memberships.
}
}
Integrated Bar of the Philippines; Philippine Bar Association; Philippine Dispute
Resolution Center, Inc.
\par
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
{\li0 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
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Publications
\par
}
}
}
}
\u160\'3f
\par
}
\u8226\'3f\tab }\ls115 {\pntext }
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf28 \i1
Alternative Dispute Resolution \u8211\'3f Philippines, Lawyer Monthly, March 2015
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf28 \i1
Getting the Deal Through \u8211\'3f Dispute Resolution \u8211\'3f Philippines
Chapter, Law Business Research Ltd, 2015.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf28 \i1
Acquisition International - Philippines: Immeasurable Strength, Acquisition
International Global Media Publication, 2014.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf28 \i1
Getting the Deal Through \u8211\'3f Enforcement of Foreign Judgments \u8211\'3f
Philippines Chapter, Law Business Research Ltd, 2014.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Virtual Round Table \u8211\'3f Litigation & Dispute Resolution 2014, Corporate
Livewire, 2014.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf28 \i1
The Asset Tracing And Recovery Review \u8211\'3f Philippines Chapter, The Law
Reviews, 2014.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
Expert Guide \u8211\'3f Litigation & Dispute Resolution 2013, Corporate Livewire,
2013.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
\rquote \rquote The long road from Zurich to Manila: The recovery of the Marcos
Swiss dollar deposits\rquote \rquote Recovering Stolen Assets, 2008.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf28 \i1
\rquote \rquote Denying safe havens through judicial cooperation: The experience of
the Philippines\rquote \rquote , Knowledge Commitment Action Against Corruption in
Asia and the Pacific, 30 September 2005.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
\u8220\'3fChallenges to the Coercive Investigative and Administrative Powers of the
Office of the Ombudsman\u8221\'3f, Philippine Law Journal, June 2004.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
\u8220\'3fCombating Corruption in the Philippines\u8221\'3f Controlling Corruption
in Asia and the Pacific, Asian Development Bank, 05 December 2003.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\li480 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri0 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
{\f5 \b0 \fs20 \cf28 \i1
\u8220\'3fCorporate Recovery in the Philippines\u8221\'3f, Asian Revival, published
by Asia Law & Practice [A Division of Euromoney Publications (Jersey) Ltd], 1999.
\par {\pntext }
}
}
}
}
}
{\li100 \f5 \qj \b0 \ri100 \fs20 \cf28 \i0
}
}
}
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Arbitration Procedures and Practice in Philippines Overview

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