PPE310: Signature Assignment Draft 1

Signature Assignment: Draft

Leann Manney
Arizona State University
PPE 310
December 4, 2017
PPE310: Signature Assignment Draft 2

Introduction
Throughout the years, the negative and harmful effects that social media has on body

image has increased in the following ways, socially, emotionally, physically, spiritually,

intellectually, and as well as overall nutritional health. Primarily, this paper starts out with a

focus on the social aspect on how social media effects body image. Social media engines such as

Facebook, Instagram, SnapChat, Etc., have become more and more popular over the years, and

you can like, and comment on posts that people submit directly onto their page. People look

at these as the more likes you get, the more popular, attractive, and accepted you feel. These

likes and comments can also relate negatively to cyber-bullying on these posts.

Next, the emotional aspect of social media, intellectual, and spiritual all go hand-in-hand

because this can cause multiple issues; such as mood swings, stress, body shaming, etc. It can

also cause body dysmorphia and body obsession. As for spiritually, it can alter self-esteem

strengths and abilities, acceptance, and overall qualities. Its important to realize these warning

signs to get psychological help right away.

Weebly: http://ppe310leannmanney.weebly.com/

Literature Review
The effects of body dissatisfaction can vary from numerous different pressures such as

media, family, peers, dietary restraints, etc. Researchers have found that the internet and social

media apps such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, Pinterest, etc., have a higher relation

associated with lower weight, yet a high drive for being thin in girls around the age of fifteen.

Social media has strong associations with body dissatisfaction because its very interactive with

peers, and as well as open to the public sometimes. When girls post selfies they are self-
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exposing to their peers and scrutiny, there has also been competition between girls that make

them feel poorly about themselves and their image. However, researchers have found that

relating to internet and social media use, body image and dietary restraints have been

inconsistent because in one study it was found that adolescent females found greater self-

reported social media use was associated with body-related concerns and drive for thinness;

however, in another study there was no associations with this at all. It was found that through

engagement on social media by sharing selfies and comparing likes, comments, etc., it

heightens the focus of ones appearance and increases internalization of those appearance ideals,

this later on contributes to body dissatisfaction. Engagement through social media, specifically

Facebook photo activities was found to be associated with greater thin ideal internalization as

well as self-objection and a large drive for being thin, as opposed to Facebook in general, which

was found to be unrelated to body image. The overall study created to examine relationships

between social media activities that involve sharing selfies, body dissatisfaction, shape and

weight obsession, and dietary restraints in young women. It was found that girls who engage

frequently more in sharing self-photos, have a higher link to body dissatisfaction, dietary

restraints, etc.

Social media plays a huge role in cultural stereotypes and sociocultural perspective on

body image and body types. Media has exposed and emphasized unrealistic images of female

beauty which internalizes distorted images and these types of concerns especially in younger

woman can lead to body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, etc. In this particular study, researchers

explored the effects of social media and body image relating to different racial and ethnic groups.

They found that some groups, for example, Latinas, reported body dissatisfaction in very

comparable rates to per say, white women. It was proven that mass media has a huge effect on
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body image such as magazine depictions, television ads, television entertainment, music videos,

etc. Mass media has internalized and emphasized having a perfect body and put into

perspective for what women should want to look and be like. For example, the stereotypes and

perspectives of body idealism would look like a Barbie Doll, since that was the cultural icon of

female beauty. This form of perspectives from young women can produce body image

disturbances, dissatisfaction, etc. However, this paper also looks at social media to boost self-

confidence, self efficacy, personal agency, enhancing autonomy, etc. Communicative

technologies have shaped our communities and made it easy to look for personal outlets to make

one feel whole, and bond together through the internet. This study also looked into pro-anorexia

and pro-bulimia websites. It was shown that through two different experiments, female

undergraduates while examining these websites found that these cause exposure to negative

influences that include lower self-esteem, decreased perceived attractiveness, and self-defeating

engagement.

This study compared how social media effects men and women differently because while

more women claimed to have body dissatisfaction due to a greater strive for thinness, and

increased dieting, men were more focused on increasing muscularity. The dangers of social

media effecting a negative body image can include decrease in ones health for both men and

women; these can include eating disorders, depression, social anxiety, decrease in sexual

function, low self-esteem, bone loss, nutrition deficiency, heart irregularities, osteoporosis, etc.

This study believes that the media sets standards and expectations for how the average man

and woman should look, in which is not socially valued. Its believed that these cultural

messages change the norms and express gender-based expectations for bodies to have the ideal

look of thin and small for women and large, muscular, and dominant for men. Researchers
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found that although woman were found to be more dissatisfied with their bodies over men, a

substantial amount of men were found to be dissatisfied with their bodies as well. The overall

research determined that women were more cognitively as well as behaviorally invested in their

appearance verses men. Yet, results of this study found that a pattern due to instability for

women was associated with their body image, and it is not clear why there is more stability for

men and their view on their overall body image satisfaction. American pop culture plays a huge

role for the importance in appearance for men in terms of standards for attractiveness. Men are

typically worried about being too skinny while woman are more worried about not being

skinny enough. Overall, body image perception is something that men and women are struggling

with.

Mass media communication has a grand effect on all different types of genders, races,

classes, and effects the male and female psychosocial factors. Typically, traditional mass media

is associated with unhealthy and negative body images, which internalize this idea of thin

being the standard for beauty in young women. This can lead to eating disorders, increased

exercise, and these girls believe that these influences on these cultures are social norms and

social pressure is applied to make their body look a certain way. Social media increases body

dissatisfaction and results in negative affective responses from men and women due to images

that are produced through the media, as well as pro-eating disorder websites. It was found that

young women who use social media platforms who possess vulnerability factors might express

themselves over social media to reinforce their internalization of their ideas to be thin through

positive feedback from peers. There are mass media websites that still emphasize traditional

stereotypes that support being the ideal type of thin. Some social media advertisements are
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depicted towards women and their experiences and influences regarding negative body image

which in turn produces a negative effect on them.

Synthesis of Information

Due to my literature review, all of them discussed the overall main concept that social

media has a negative effect on body image for men and women, which was the overall

conclusion. The similar themes I noticed throughout the articles as I read them were related to

body dissatisfaction because of the way traditional media is displayed still in todays society. It

was found in many articles that the more frequent a person engages and communicates through

social media the higher risk they are linked to body dissatisfaction, dietary restraints, eating

disorders, distorted views of their body, etc. Many social media sites depict men and women in

unrealistic images and are convincing people that it is the social norm to look and act this way

through thinspiration. Mass media has internalized and emphasized having a perfect body

and put into perspective for what women should want to look and be like through stereotypes and

perspectives of body idealism. One theme that stood out to me was the pro-anorexia and pro-

bulimia websites. I was in absolute shock to find out about websites like that because it supports

a mental, and physical illness. I believe that the research and data that was collected supports my

stance on why healthy and active community plans should be put in place for an overall healthy

environment through support, and engagement. Its important to realize that many people

struggle with the vision of body image and giving them an opportunity to change their health and

wellness is crucial to better their mind and body in order to avoid harmful effects such as, eating

disorders, depression, social anxiety, low self-esteem, bone loss, nutrition deficiency, heart

irregularities, etc.

Practical Implications
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Primarily, social media relating to body image is a huge issue in our community today

and it is important to address concerns that are linked to it. When engaging students and

implementing this research into classrooms, I have found based on a social, emotional, physical,

spiritual, nutritional, and intellectual aspect, it is important to present all of this information and

data in a sensitive and understanding manner. I believe that especially when working with

younger children such as the adolescence age, its important to promote body positivity, self-

acceptance, and engagement throughout the activities. For the first activity relating social media

to body image I would have them draw a picture of what they think they look like and words that

positively represent themselves and their strengths. Next, I would have an activity/presentation

for them that relates to social media and describing the difference between what is real and what

is photo shopped onto models; this will help them differentiate and realize what is real and what

is fake and that models are just people like everybody else, and that everyone has flaws but its

better to embrace them rather than ride them and be embarrassed. Lastly, an important

presentation to give and video to show would be based on the effects that cyber bullying can

have on somebody. Younger children sometimes really dont understand the impact that negative

words can have on someone which is why its important to express how serious the issue of

cyber bullying it is through social media. This is such a vital issue that I believe the community

will support due to the positive influence and impact it can have in our society by reaching out to

children at a young age to promote body positivity and decrease cyber bullying. Through all of

the following components, these are all ways that are anybody is able to participate, regardless if

they have disabilities or not.

Marketing
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Marketing is important for any event or presentation, especially to make it

engaging to catch the eye of younger adolescences. The event will have flyers and posters to

promote when and where it will take place and the issue of social media impact on body image,

while also supporting body positivity and self-acceptance open to all ages throughout the school

and all genders. The charts will include different types of social media platforms and what

percentage of students actively use them. It will also include charts from surveys with questions

pertaining to if they have ever been cyber bullied due to their looks, have they ever cyber bullied

someone else due to their looks, and survey charts pertaining to body self-acceptance. These

charts and surveys will be shown throughout the presentation given to them by myself on the

PowerPoint.

Funding

As for funding, I think it would be fun and engaging for children in their classes to host

their own fund raisers to see who can raise the most money to donate towards companies/people

that support men and women whom are struggling with anorexia, bulimia, etc. Whichever class

raises the most money can have a classroom party to keep the competition interesting for them.

Through the support of community and staff I believe that they will provide funding through

clubs and organizations to make this presentation happen and even be able to give out prizes to

the children.

Admin

Proposals to administration of the school can be made by writing a letter based off

percentages of students that are affected by cyberbullying and to show them how social media

has such a strong effect on body image and self-acceptance due to the way students interact with
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each other through these platforms of social media. Administration will be open to educating

students about cyberbullying and lowering the risk for physical and emotional abuse on the body

by students.

Committee

Wellness committees can consist of a club for children to go to after school where they

can discuss healthy ways to stay fit, personal wellness options, healthy snacks will be offered,

and stress management classes can be held. Teachers will be the main committee members that

host and lead these meetings for a safe place for children to come and use the offered resources.

Engagement

This will definitely enhance engagement through students and teachers because by

holding these meetings and offering these events, it will bring the community together under

support. Fund raising will help students stay engaged because they have an incentive to raise

money to host these events with food and prizes and through these informational events they will

understand the importance and reasoning of why this topic of social media and body image is so

crucial to understand.

Scheduling

Scheduling is important because we decided that every month we can offer a different

challenge for students to do to keep up the participation of promoting healthy body image and

self-acceptance. February is National Body Awareness month so this is the month where we will

make sure our events are promoted through posters created by students, newsletters, etc. We will

make sure we set a dollar amount goal every month to keep the fund raising going to be able to

keep holding these events and presentations for students as well.

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Conclusion

Lastly, body image can have a huge effect on your body physically and nutritionally. The

overuse of social media can cause a numerous amount of damage to your body including carpal

tunnel syndrome, eye problems, fatigue, lack of exercise, etc. As for nutritional damage, these

are more severe; eating disorders include (but are not limited to) anorexia, bulimia, and binge

eating. Overall, social media effects on body image can be detrimental to all different aspects of

health and wellness on the human body. There are many ways to contribute to being proactive to

support to fight against social media portraying body image in a negative way. There are also

numerous support systems for seeking help and promoting health and wellness for the mind and

body. Creating events and celebrating National Body Awareness month in February is just one of

the ways to bring to peoples attention the severity of the effect of social media on body image.

This movement will be sustained by celebrating the events throughout the month of February every

year. I plan to implement my activities and presentations into the community and school district

so that they can be held open to the public for consciousness and appreciation of the efforts being

made to raise money for this special issue. Students, workers, community goers, will all be able to

take advantage of the free yoga classes being offered, mindful meditation classes, healthy snacks

being provided in order to express self-appreciation and we will promote this body positivity

through social media to remind people that social media can be used for valuable ways to promote

body image, rather than the way the media may usually portray it.

Within the first year of this program, I plan to create a sturdy committee that I know will

be devoted to making a strong impact and willing to discuss the complex issues in our community

involving health and wellness. The committee will be in charge of creating engaging activities to

plan for the workplace and community to come together and practice supporting individuals and
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discussing ways to improve. Within three years, I imagine our teams and committees have grown

larger and support groups are formed for weekly meetings for people whom are struggling,

reaching out for help, and willing to help those who are in need. I also hope that in addition to the

weekly meetings, there will be events at least once a month that promote healthy lifestyles such as

cooking classes, free yoga sessions, etc. Finally, in the last five years, I hope that my committee

expands to not only our local community, but other communities outside of ours by spreading

awareness about health and wellness, decreasing cyber bullying, and overall a positive outlook on

body image.
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Supporting Visuals
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References
McLean, S. A., B.Sc(Hons), Paxton, S. J., PhD., Wertheim, E. H., PhD., & Masters, J., PhD.

(2015). Photoshopping the selfie: Self photo editing and photo investment are associated with

body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48(8), 1132.

Retrieved from http://login.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-

com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/docview/1736445574?accountid=4485

Photoshopping the selfie: Self photo editing and photo investment are associated with body

dissatisfaction in adolescent girls. (2015). International Journal of Eating Disorders., 48(8),

1132.

McLean, S. A., B.Sc(Hons), Paxton, S. J., PhD., Wertheim, E. H., PhD., & Masters, J., PhD.

(2015). Photoshopping the selfie: Self photo editing and photo investment are associated with

body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48(8), 1132.

Retrieved from http://login.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-

com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/docview/1736445574?accountid=4485

Shoger, W. M. (2008). The unattainable reality: How media affects body image in men and

women and the moderating effects of social support (Order No. 3370882). Available from

ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global: Health & Medicine; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses

Global: Literature & Language; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global: Social Sciences;

ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global: The Arts. (304606211). Retrieved from

http://login.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-

com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/docview/304606211?accountid=4485

Research directions in social media and body image. (2014). Sex Roles., 71(11-12), 407.
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Rubric for Signature Assignment

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
with Exemplary Highl Proficient Appr Unsatisfactory
Profession (97 100%) y (83 92%) oachi (72%
al Profic ng and below)
Standards ient Profic
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Outline 9-10 Points 7-8 5-6 Points 3-4 1-2 Points
Point Point
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Turned outline with at outlin some references outlin submitted.
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submitted peer reviewed with peer reviewed with
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in APA format is least in APA format are or no
submitted with a 5 submitted. refere
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Introducti Introduction is Introd Introduction is Introd Introduction is
on to the fully developed, uctio addressed well, uctio omitted or was
topic and well organized, n is somewhat n is disorganized and did
overview introduces all fully organized and addre not create a plan for
(In your topics, created a devel created a plan for ssed the paper.
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statement and invites the with ately.
also all
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introduce reader to read topics

all further. introd
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findings?) stance on why supports your your research and
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InTASC your healthy and stance on why the data collected

1c,k; 5k; active school plan your healthy and supports your stance
9f; 10h is not only active school plan on why your healthy
NAEYC important for hope is not only and active school
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3a,d; 4a,c your community, your school and in and engagement at
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EC2S1; academic success but ties to your community, but
CC7K1; in your classroom academic success ties to academic
EC7K1;C as well. in your classroom success in your
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3. All 4. Technology
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4. Contained
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