Solution of Annual Paper 2016

XI-Mathematics

FROM THE DESK OF: FAIZAN AHMED

SKYPE NAME: ncrfaizan
(Suggestions are always welcome in case of any mistake or error, I shall be much
thankful)
 BOARD OF INTERMEDIATE EDUCATION, KARACHI
INTERMEDIATE EXAMINATION 2016 (ANNUAL)
MATHEMATICS PAPER I

Date: 07.05.2016 09.30 a.m. to 12.30 p.m.

Time: 2 hours 40 minutes Max. Marks: 80

SECTION B (Short-Answer Questions) (50 Marks)

Algebra (35 marks)
Note: Answer any SEVEN questions from this section. All questions carry equal marks.
Q.2
1+2 2 2
i) Show that: 34 + 5 = 5
OR
2 +2 34
Solve the equation: + =
+2 2 15
ii) Solve the following system of equations: + = 5 2 + 2 2 = 17
iii) For what values of a and b will both the roots of the equation, 2 + 2 4 = 3 + 5, vanish?
iv) Let be defined in Z, the set of all integers as = + + 3. Show that:
a) is commutative and associative.
b) Identity w.r.t. * exists in .
v) Verify the statement by the principle of Mathematical Induction:
1
2 + 6 + 12+ . . . + + 1 = 3 + 1 ( + 2)
OR
Find the sum if the series: 112 + 122 + 132 + . . . +202
+
vi) Using properties of determinants, prove that: + = 2 (3 + )
+
vii) If three coins are tossed simultaneously, what is the probability of obtaining at least one head?
OR
Find n, If n4 = 24 .5
1 1 1
viii) Show that: 5 . 5 . 5 . . . = 5
2 4 8
3
2 3 1 5 2
ix) Solve for x : 1 =
4 1 2 4 14
0
1 9
x) Find the term independent of x in the expansion of 2 + 3 2
OR
6 2
Which term of the H.P. 6, 2, 5, . . . , is equal to 33 ?

SECTION B (Continued) Trigonometry (15 marks)

Note: Answer any THREE questions from this section. All questions carry equal marks.
Q.3
3
i) If = 4 and is positive, find the remaining trigonometric functions, using the definition
of radian function.
 ii) Prove any TWO of the following:
+ cosec
a. +tan = cot b. 6 6 = 1 32 2
2 2
c. =

iii) Draw the graph of , when 0 2
1 1 1
iv) Without using calculator, prove that: 1 3 + 1 7 = 1 2
OR
Solve: 2 = 0
v) In , find the largest angle if a=5cm, b=10cm and c=14cm.

SECTION C (Detailed-Answer Questions) (30 Marks)

Note: Attempt any TWO:

Q4 (a) Solve the system of equations by matrix method:

+ 2 + = 8
2 + = 3
+ = 0
(b) The base of a right-angled triangle is 10 cm, and the sides of the triangle are in A.P.; find the
hypotenuse.

Q5 (a) Prove that:

1 1 1 1
(i) + + = 2
(ii) 1 2 3 = 2
(b)Derive law of Cosines
OR
()
Prove that in any triangle ABC, cos 2 =

3 3.5 3.5.7
Q6 (a) Prove that: 2 2 = 1 + 4 + 4.8 + 4.8.12 + . . .
(b) If , are the roots of the equation, 2 + + = 0; 0, form an equation whose roots
are: + 2 and + 2.
 SECTION B SHORT-ANSWERS QUESTIONS
Attempt any SEVEN question: 25-Marks
+
i) Show that: + =

SOLUTION:
1 + 2 2 2
?? + =
3 4 5 5
1 + 2 2
. . = +
3 4 5
1 + 2 3 + 4 2
= + (3 + 4)
3 4 3 + 4 5
1 + 2 3 + 4 2
= 2 2
+
3 4 5
2
3 + 4 + 6 + 8 2
= 2
+
9 16 5
3 + 10 + 8(1) 2
= + = 1, 2 = 1
9 16(1) 5
3 8 + 10 2
= +
9 + 16 5
5 + 10 2
= +
25 5
5 1 + 2 2
= +
25 5
1 + 2 2
= +
5 5
1 + 2 + 2
=
5
1 + 2
=
5
1 + 2
=
5
(1 + 2)
=
5
+ 2 2
=
5
+ 2(1)
=
5
2
= = . .
5
+
OR i) Solve the equation: + =
+

SOLUTION:
+
+ = -----(1)
+
 +
Let =
1 34
1 + =
15
2 + 1 34
= 15 2 + 1 = 34
15
15 2 + 15 = 34
15 2 34 + 15 = 0
15 2 25 9 + 15 = 0
5 3 5 3 3 5 = 0
3 5 5 3 = 0
5
Either: 3 5 = 0 = 3
3
Or: 5 3 = 0 =
5

+
But, =

+ 5
So, =3

3 + 2 = 5( 2)
3 + 6 = 5 10
6 + 10 = 5 3
2 = 16 = 8
+ 3
So, =5

5 + 2 = 3( 2)
5 + 10 = 3 6
5 3 = 6 10
2 = 16 = 8
. = 8 . . = {8, 8}

ii) Solve the following system of equations: + = + =

SOLUTION:
2 + 2 2 = 17 -----(1)
+ =5
= 5 ---- 2
(1) 2 + 2 2 = 17
5 2 + 2 2 = 17
25 10 + 2 + 2 2 = 17
3 2 10 + 25 17 = 0
3 2 10 + 8 = 0
3 2 6 4 + 8 = 0
3( 2) 4( 2) = 0
 2 3 4 = 0
Either: 2 = 0 = 2
4
Or: 3 4 = 0 = 3

2 = 5
=2 4
=
= 52 3
= 3, = 2 4 15 4
=5 =
3 3
11 4
= , =
3 3

11 4
. = 3,2 , ,
3 3

iii) For what values of a and b will both the roots of the equation, +
= + , vanish?

SOLUTION:
2 + 2 4 = 3 + 5
2 + 2 4 3 5 = 0 -----(1)
As, both the roots of (1) vanishes i.e 0 and 0
2 4
. . = 0 + 0 = =
1
2 4
0+0=
1
2 4 = 0 2 = 4
=2

3 5
. . = 0 (0) = =
1
3 5
0=
1
3 5 = 0 5 = 3
5
=
3
SECOND METHOD:
If both the roots of 2 + + = 0, are zero
Then, = 0 and = 0
Here, 2 + 2 4 3 5 = 0
2 4 = 0 2 = 4
=2
And,
3 5 = 0 5 = 3
5
=
3

iv) Let be defined in Z, the set of all integers as, = + + . Show that:
a) is commutative and associative.
b) Identity w.r.t. * exists in .

SOLUTION:
= ++3
a) is commutative
. . =
++3=++3
++3=++3
Hence, is commutative
is associative
=
++3 = ++3
++3 ++3 =+ ++3 +3
+++6=+++6
Hence, is associative
b) Identity element exists in
Let e be the identity
So, = + + 3
=++3
3=
= 3
Which is the identity

v) Verify the statement by the principle of Mathematical Induction:

+ + + . . . + + = + ( + )

SOLUTION:
1
2 + 6 + 12 + . . . + + 1 = +1 +2
3
PROOF I:
Verifying p(n) for = 1
1
2 = 3 (1) (1 + 1) (1 + 2)
1
2 = 3 (1) (2) (3)
2 = 2 Verified
= 1
PROOF II:
Assuming that p() is true for =
So we have,
1
2 + 6 + 12 + . . . + + 1 = + 1 + 2 ----(1)
3
Kth term = k k + 1
k + 1 th term = k + 1 (k + 2)
Adding k + 1 (k + 3) both sides in (1)
2 + 6 + 12 + . . . + + 1 + k + 1 k + 2
1
= + 1 + 2 + k + 1 (k + 2)
3
+1 +2 +3 k+1 (k+2)
= 3
1
= + 1 + 2 + 3 k + 1 (k + 2)
3
1
= + 1 + 2 + 3 k + 1 (k + 2)
3
1
= k + 1 k + 2 (k + 3)
3
= + 1
, .

OR v) Find the sum if the series: + + + . . . +

SOLUTION:
+ 1 (2 + 1)
2 =
6

Here,
112 + 122 + 132 + . . . +202 = 202 102
20 20 + 1 (2 20 + 1) 10 10 + 1 (2 10 + 1)
=
6 6
20 21 (41) 10 11 (21)
=
6 6
= 2870 385

= 2485
vi) Using properties of determinants, prove that:
+
+ = +
+

SOLUTION:
+
. . = +
+
2 3 1 ,
3 +
= 3 + +
3 + +
3 + 1 , we get
1
= (3 + ) 1 +
1 +
2 1 3 1 ,
1
= (3 + ) 1 1 +
11 +

1
= (3 + ) 0 0
0 0
1 ,
0
= (3 + ) 1 0+0
0
= (3 + ) 2 0
= 3 + 2
= 2 (3 + )
= . .

vii) If three coins are tossed simultaneously, what is the probability of obtaining
at least one head?

SOLUTION:
Three coins are tossed once
= , , , , , , ,
= 23 = 8

Let A be the event that at least one head is obtained

 = , , , , , ,
=7
() 7
= =
() 8

OR vii) Find n, If n4 = 24 .

SOLUTION:
n4 = 24
. 5
! !
= 24
4 ! 5! 5 !
Cancelling n! from both sides
1 1
= 24
4 ! 5! 5 !
24 4 !
1=
5! 5 !
4! 4 ( 5)!
1=
5! 5 !
Cancelling (n-5)! , we get
4! 4
1=
5!
4! 4
1=
5.4!
4
1=
5
5=4
5+4=
=9

viii) Show that: . . . . . =

SOLUTION:
1 1 1
? ? 52 . 54 . 58 . . . = 5
1 1 1
. . = 52 . 54 . 58 . . .
1 1 1
= 52+4+8+ . . .
Exponents are in infinite G.P.
1 1 1
+ + +. . .
2 4 8
1 1 1 1 1
Here, = 2 , = 4 2 = 4 2 = 2

=
1
1
2
1
1
. . = 5 2
1
2
1
=5 2
 = 5 = . .

ix) Solve for x : =


SOLUTION:
3
2 3 1 5 2
1 =
4 1 2 4 14
0
2 3 3 + + 0 2
=
4 1 6 + 4 + 0 14
2 3 3 2
=
4 1 2 14
2 3 6 2
=
4 3 +2 14
2 + 6 6 2
=
4 12 + 2 14
2 2
=
4 10 14
By comparing
2 = 2 = 1
And, 4 10 = 14
4 = 4 = 1

x) Find the term independent of x in the expansion of +

SOLUTION:
1 9
2 + 2
3
1
= 2, = ; = 9
3 2
+1 = .

1
+1 = 9. 2 9
3 2

9 9 9
1 1
+1 = . 2
2 3
1
+1 = 9. 2 9
9
. 2
3
1
+1 = 9. 2 9
93
3
For the term independent of , we take
9 3 = 0
3 = 9
=3
 3
1
3+1 = 4 = 9.3 2 93
0
3
9! 1
4 = 2 6 (1)
3! 9 3 ! 27
9.8.7.6! 64
4 =
6 6 ! 27
84 64
4 =
27
1792
4 =
9
Which is the term independent of

OR x) Which term of the H.P. , , , . . . , is equal to ?
SOLUTION:
6 2
6, 2, 5, . . . , is equal to 33
2
Here, = 6, = 2, = 33 , =?

=
+ 1 ( )
2 6 (2)
=
33 2 + 1 (6 2)
1 6
=
33 2 + 1 (4)
1 6
=
33 2 + 4 4
1 6
=
33 4 2
4 2 = 6 33
4 2 = 198
4 = 198 + 2
4 = 200
200
=
4
= 50
2
Hence, 33 is the 50 term of H.P.

SECTION B (Continued) Trigonometry (15 marks)

Note: Answer any three questions from this section. All questions carry equal marks.

i) If = and is positive, find the remaining trigonometric functions,
using the definition of radian function.

SOLUTION:
As and both are positive, so () is in first quadrant.
In a unit circle
2 + 2 = 1 ----(1)
Where = and =

3
Given, = = 4
3
=4
3 =
3
= 4 ---(2)
3 2
(1) 2 + =1
4
9
2 + 16 2 = 1
16 2 +9 2
=1
16
25 2
=1
16
2 16
= 25
4
= 5
As () is in first quadrant
4
=5

3 4
2 =4 5
3
=5

3
= = 5
1 5
= = 3
4
= = 5
1 5
= = 4
3
3 5 3
= = 5
4 =54 =4
5
4
= =
3
ii) Prove any TWO of the following:
+
a. + = b. =

c. =

SOLUTION:
+
a) L. H. S = +
= + +
 1
= + +
1
1 + +
=

(1 + )
=
( + 1)
1
=

= = . .

b) . . = 6 + 6
= 2 3 + 2 3
= 2 + 2 3 32 2 2 + 2
= 1 3 32 2 1
= 1 32 2 = . .

2 2
c) . . =

2 2
=
(2 )
=


=

1
=

= = . .

iii) Draw the graph of , when .

SOLUTION:

00 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800

0 0.5 0.8660.9 1 0.5 0.8660.9 0

2100 2400 2700 3000 3300 3600

-0.5 -0.866 0.9 -1 -0.5 -0.866 0.9 0

SCALE:
On X-Axis: =
On Y-Axis: . =

iv) Without using calculator, prove that: + =

SOLUTION:
1 1 1
? ? 1 + 1 = 1
3 7 2
1 1
. . = 1 + 1
3 7
1 1
Let = 1 3 + 1 7 = + -----(1)
Where,
1 1
= 1 = 1
3 7
1 1
= =
3 7

= +
Taking Tan of both sides
= +
+
=
1
1 1
+
= 3 7
1 1
1 3 7
1 1
+
= 3 7
1
1 21
1 1
21 3 + 7
=
1
21 1 21
7+3
=
21 1
10
=
20
1
=
2
1
= Tan1
2
Hence,
 1 1 1
1 + 1 = Tan1 Proved
3 7 2

OR iv) Solve: =
SOLUTION:
2 = 0 Or:
2 = 0 2 1 = 0
2 1 = 0 2 = 1
2 1 = 0 1
=
Either: 2
cos = 0 1
= sin1
3 2
= , 5
2 2 = ,
6 6

2 = 0
3 5
= = = =
2 2 6 6
3 3 5 5
= sin 2 = sin 2 cos = sin 2 cos sin
2 2 2 2 6 6 3 6

= sin 3 = sin cos 3 3
2 = sin 3 cos 3 6 = +
=00=0 2 3 3 2 2
=00=0 = =0 =0
Verified 2 2
Verified Verified
verified

3 5
. = + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
2 2 6 6
v) In , find the largest angle if a=5cm, b=10cm and c=14cm.

SOLUTION:

= 5, = 10, = 14
Largest angle is always opposite to the largest side, hence is required.

By cosine law
2 = 2 + 2 2
2 = 2 + 2 2
2 + 2 2
=
2
(5)2 + (10)2 (14)2
=
2 5 (10)
25 + 100 196
=
100
71
=
100
= 0.71
= cos 1 0.71
= 135.2340
 SECTION C (Detailed-Answer Questions) (30 Marks)
Note: Attempt any TWO:
Q.4(a) Solve the system of equations by matrix method:
+ + =
+ =
+ =
SOLUTION:
+ 2 + = 8
2 + = 3
+ = 0
The linear equations in Matrix form are:
1 2 1 8
2 1 1 = 3 ----(1)
1 1 1 0

1 2 1 8
Let = 2 1 1 , = = 3
1 1 1 0
1
1 = So, =

We take A:
1
1 =
||

1 2 1
= 2 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 2 1 2 1
=1 2 +1
1 1 1 1 1 1
= 1 1 2(2 1) + 2 + 1
= 0 2(3) + 3
= 6+3
= 9 0,

2 1 1
11 = 1 = 1 11 =0
1 1
3 2 1
12 = 1 = 1 2 1 = 3
1 1
4 2 1
13 = 1 =1 2+1 = 3
1 1
3 2 1
21 = 1 = 1 2 1 = 3
1 1
4 1 1
22 = 1 = 1 1 1 = 2
1 1
5 1 2
23 = 1 = 1 1 2 = 1
1 1
4 2 1
31 = 1 =1 2+1 =3
1 1
5 1 1
32 = 1 = 1 1 2 = 1
2 1
 6 1 2
33 = 1 = 1 1 4 = 5
2 1

0 3 3
= 3 2 1
3 1 5
0 3 3
= 3 2 1
3 1 5
1 1
=
0 3 3
1 1
=9 3 2 1
3 1 5

As, = 1
1 0 3 3 8
= 3 2 1 3
9
3 1 5 0
0+9+0 9 1
1 1
= 9 24 6 + 0 = 9 18 = 2
24 + 3 + 0 27 3
The solution is
= 1, = 2, = 3

b) The base of a right-angled triangle is 10 cm, and the sides of the triangle are
in A.P.; find the hypotenuse.

SOLUTION:
Let three sides in A.P. are:
, , +

= +

When base > perpendicular:

Base = a = 10cm
By Pythagoras Theorem
2 = 2 + 2
+ 2 = 2+ 2
2 + 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 2 + 2
2 = 2 2
4 = 2
4 =

= ---(1)
4
10
= = 10
4
= 2.5
 = + = 10 + 2.5
= 12.5

When perpendicular > base:

Base = = 10cm
= 10 + ---(2)

(1) =
4
4 =
4 = 10 +
4 = 10
10
3 = 10 =
3
2 = 10 +
10 30 + 10
= 10 + =
3 3
40
=
3
40 10 40 + 10 50
= + = =
3 3 3 3
= 16.66

Q5 (a) Prove that: (i) + + = (ii) =

SOLUTION:
1
i) . . = 2

= , =
4
1
=

2
4
1
=

2
2
=

++ a+b+c
= s= 2 = + +
2

= + +

1 1 1
= + +

1 1 1
= + + = . .

ii) . . = 1 2 3

=

3
=
( )
,
3
=
( )
3 =
= 2
2 =
=

= 2

,

= 2 =
= 2 = . .

(b) Derive law of Cosines

SOLUTION:
Law of Cosine: c2 =a2 + b2 2abcos

Proof: We place a ABC in x-, y- coordinate system such that C(0,0) is at the
origin and B(a,0) on positive x-axis as shown in the figure.

We have, cos(1800 - ) = =


cos1800.cos + sin1800.sin =

-cos =
= -b.cos

And sin(1800 - ) = =

Sin1800.cos - cos1800.sin =

Sin =
= b.sin
So, coordinates of A are (b.cos, b.sin)
We have distance formula as:
d = (2 1 )2 + (2 1 )2
Here = c = ( )2 + ( 0)2
c = 2 2 2 + 2 + 2 2
c = 2 2 + 2 2 2 + 2
c = 2 ( 2 + 2 ) 2 + 2
c = 2 (1) 2 + 2
Squaring both sides
c2 = 2 2 + 2
And hence, c2 = a2 + b2 2abcos

()
OR (b) Prove that in any triangle ABC, =

SOLUTION:
By Cosine law
2 + 2 2
=
2
Adding 1 both sides
2 + 2 2
1 + = +1
2
2 + 2 2 + 2
1 + =
2
2 + 2 + 2 2
1 + =
2
( + )2 2
1 + =
2
( + + )( + )
1 + =
2
( + + )( + )
1 + =
2
a+b+c
s= 2 = + +
2
2 2 = + + 2 2 = +

1 + = 2 cos 2
2

2 2( )
2 cos 2 =
2 2
( )
cos 2 =
2
Taking square root both sides
( )
cos =
2
 Proved
. ..
Q6 (a) Prove that: = + + . + .. + . . .

SOLUTION:
3 3.5 3.5.7
? ? 2 2 = 1 + 4 + 4.8 + 4.8.12 + . . .

3 3.5 3.5.7
. . = 1 + 4 + 4.8 + 4.8.12 + . . .
1 2
Comparing R.H.S with 1 + = 1 + + +
2!
3
= 4 ---- (1)
9
S.B.S, 2 2 = 16 ---- (2)
1 2 3.5
And, = 4.8
2!

15 2
1 2 =
32
15
1 2 =
16
2 ,
1 2 15 9
=
2 2 16 16
1 15 16 1 5
= =
16 9 3
3 1 = 5
3 3 = 5
5 = 3 3
5 3 = 3
2 = 3
3
=
2

3
1 =
4
3 3 3 2
= =
2 4 4 3
1
=
2
3

1 2
. . = 1
2
3
1 2
= 2
3
2 2
= 1
 3
= 2 2
1 3
= 2 2
3
= 2
= 2 2 2
= 2 2 = . .

(b) If , are the roots of the equation, + + = ; , form an

equation whose roots are: + and + .

SOLUTION:
Given Equation: 2 + + = 0 ----(1)
, are the roots of (1)

. . 1 = + =

. . 1 = =

Roots of required Eq are:

+ 2 and + 2
= + 2 + + 2
=++4

= + 4
+4
=

= + 2 + 2
= + 2 + 2 + 4
= + 2 + + 4

= +2 +4
2
= +4

2+4
=

We have required Equation as,

2 . . + . . = 0
+4 2+4
2 + =0

,
2 + 4 + 2 + 4 = 0
2 + 4 + 2 + 4 = 0