International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X

STATIC COMPENSATOR IN POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

FOR LVTS
1
S.Sriragavi, 2M.Sivaram Krishnan, 3M.Siva Ramkumar
1, 2, 3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
1
Assistant Professor, Sri Krishna College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
2
Assistant Professor, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore, India.
3
Assistant Professor, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India.

Abstract: Late advances in the power electronic innovations have assessed that 50-60% of the electric power in industrialized
nations is coursing through some sort of energy electronic frameworks (non-direct loads) and the rate is developing. These heaps twist
the supply voltage and also supply current from its unadulterated sinusoidal shape. In addition consonant issues are presently
pervasive in not simply mechanical applications but rather in business structures moreover. This is expected essentially to new power
transformation advancements, for example, the Switch-mode Power Supply (SMPS), which can be found in practically every power
electronic gadget (PCs, servers, screens, printers, scanners, telecom frameworks, broadcasting hardware, saving money machines,
and so forth.). The progressions in semiconductor gadget innovation have prompted an expansion of consonant contamination in
dispersion frameworks; they have likewise given sensible answers for the issue. Static Compensator (STATCOM) strategy is generally
a typical system for taking out current sounds from the line. The essential thought of STATCOM is to infuse square with sizes of the
present/voltage music created by the nonlinear load with 180 degrees stage distinction to the line so they scratch off each other. These
STATCOMs offer answers for shunt the music and keep them from nourishing once more into the utility matrix; it prompts control
quality change, for example, THD minimization and power factor change. The fundamental purpose behind the familiarity with the
power quality issues is this: the heap hardware is more delicate to control quality varieties

Keywords: LVTS Low Voltage Transmission System , STATCOM, Power Quality, SMPS, DVR, UPQC

I. INTRODUCTION
As of late, attributable to the ascent in control quality issues with the utilization of turn off/on presentation
loads, nonlinear load and enlistment engine and so forth in residential and enterprises, control quality (PQ)
issues, similar to music, flash, and irregularity have rose to wind up noticeably basic difficulties. Additionally,
lightning strikes over transmission lines, exchanging of capacitor banks, and distinctive system blackouts can
likewise bring about PQ issues, similar to homeless people, voltage droop/swell, and obstruction. On the
opposite side, increment in touchy burdens that include computerized hardware and entangled process
controllers require an unadulterated sinusoidal supply voltage for having a legitimate load operation. Keeping
in mind the end goal to have the power quality to meet the standard limitations, there must be some sort of
remuneration. Barely any years sooner, the power quality issues in dispersion framework are alleviated by
making utilization of uninvolved channels, for example, capacitor banks. At exhibit, the examination on this is
picking up force to have the power quality issues relieved with the help of energy molding gadgets [1].

The power molding gadgets incorporate dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), static compensator (STATCOM),
and brought together power-quality conditioner (UPQC) (custom power gadgets) [2]. A static synchronous
compensator (STATCOM), likewise alluded to as a "static synchronous condenser" ("STATCOM") [3], is
essentially a directing gadget used on rotating current power transmission systems. It is subject to a power
hardware voltage-source converter and can work as either a source or a sink of responsive AC energy to a
power arrange. On the off chance that it is associated with a power source, it can likewise be utilized to give
dynamic AC control.

The unsettling influence in the nature of supply power can be enhanced/upgraded at various stages; be that as
it may; few of the essential sources worried about contortion can be labeled as takes after: A. Power Electronic
Devices B. IT and Office Equipments C. Arcing Devices D. Load Switching E. Vast Motor Starting F.
Implanted Generation G. Electromagnetic Radiations and Cables H. Tempest and Environment Related
Causes and so forth [4].

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Maybe a couple of the general power quality issues and their critical impacts are Harmonics: more measure of
misfortunes and warming in engines, capacitors and transformers that are associated with the framework.
Glint: Visual aggravation, presentation of a few consonant parts in the supply control and their related
segments. Homeless people: Tripping, disappointments in segments, flashover of instrument protection
equipment booting, programming glitches, poor item quality and so on. Voltage droops: Devices/process
down time, affect on item quality, disappointment/breaking down of client instruments and related piece cost,
tidy up costs, upkeep and repair costs and so forth.

In this exploration work, STATCOM is utilized for taking out the present sounds from the line. The
fundamental thought of STATCOM is to infuse rise to sizes of the present/voltage sounds created by the
nonlinear load with 180 degrees stage contrast to the line so they cross out each other. These STATCOMs
offer answers for shunt the music and keep them from nourishing once again into the utility framework; it
prompts control quality change, for example, THD minimization and power factor change.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

The writing audits by different specialists has been given diverse regulation strategies. The target of the
writing study begins with the utilization of non-straight loads with the area of sounds developing at high
power level. The principle reason of symphonious for both current and voltage are a direct result of the
transmission framework utilized as a part of different power electronic gadgets, for example, Cyclo-
converters, chopper, rectifiers and all other nonlinear types of gear.

In [5] expressed that exchange of the exchanging example of room vector tweak and the kind of transporter
wave has been set up. The connections between balanced flag and space vectors have been considered. All
connections give a widespread stage both to actualize change between space vector tweak and bearer based
PWM yet additionally to create diverse execution of PWM modulator. They are generally free of the kind of
load.

In [6] depicted that to enhance the power quality, a FLC control framework have been contemplated by
remunerating music and responsive power required by the non-straight load. The execution of the same has
been examined by looking at the PI Controller. Recreation comes about have been confirmed by effectively
creating model with detecting line current. The THD is underneath 5% of as far as possible forced by IEEE-
519 standard after pay. For the plan of participation capacity and run sets, a hereditary calculation has been
proposed. [8]

In [7] exhibited the scientific model of a SVM based three stage inverter is defined and matlab reenactment
has been finished. From the outcome it can be given that THD can be lessened and the zero arrangement
circling current can likewise be decreased. This reproduction model can be connected to different utilizations
of engine and furthermore to non-direct loads to get less misshaped comes about.

Again the exploration has been directed in [8] displayed in the paper reproduction comes about for speed
control of acceptance engine with fluffy rationale control has been executed. It have been demonstrated that
for same operation condition, fluffy rationale control gives better reproduction comes about when contrasted
with PI controller for enlistment engine drives. The engine speed kept up consistent at different load.
Additionally the engine was working legitimately at bring down speed levels.

In [9] expressed that a complete overview on relief of energy quality issues like deficiency of responsive
power, poor voltage, low power factor, because of sudden change in field excitation voltage and current
music, sudden increment in stack, sudden blame happening in the framework are tackled by FACTS
controller, for example, STATCOM and DSTATCOM.

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Again in 2011, other scientist in [10] portrayed in the paper that succession of vectors is comparative for all
gathering of rectifiers as they all have same impartial point association at information and yield point to decide
the gating beats, it is imperative to confirm the attributes of the semi-conductor plan. For the start of
examination of new converter topology, this semiconductor exchanging course of action might be utilized. In
this proposed SVM procedure, it is imperative to decide the division to be forced from input voltage reference
which decreased the quantity of exchanging recompense with number of switches and enhances the aggregate
converter proficiency.

In [11] built up a control system utilizing a discrete PWM and SVPWM for Active Power Filter is proposed
which require a couple of sensors and basic in sensors that can remunerate the sounds and uneven burdens.
The proposed calculation can lessen the intricacy of the control hardware. Under non-direct condition, this
symphonious range indicates better lessening of sounds. SVPWM is utilized for reenactment investigation of
two level inverter which produces less consonant bending in three stage VSI.

In [12] expressed that diverse voltage control procedures created a scope of sounds on yield voltage. Likewise
from the reenactment comes about, it has been watched that in lessening the Lower arrange sounds, Sine
PWM is more compelling when contrasted with hysteresis band PWM with low exchanging misfortunes. By
correlation of various PWM methods, control quality has been enhanced by giving higher yield voltage, great
linearity in voltage and low sounds substance in yield voltage particularly in low recurrence district. A near
report is exhibited in [13] thought about both the system and found that there is a gigantic reduction in bring
down request music (LOH) in SVPWM. And furthermore there is better use of DC transport as contrasted and
SPWM by around 15%. SVPWM turned out to be a superior strategy when contrasted with SPWM.

With the assistance of Facts Controller, control quality issues can be alleviated and analyst in [14] introduced
that moderation methods has been looked into making utilization of FACTS gadgets for different Power
Quality issues like voltage list or plunge, very short and long interference, voltage spike, voltage swells, and
so forth control framework have been gravely influenced by this PQ issues and different issues emerges, for
example, blames in data innovation instruments or may stop of all the gear, circuit breakers trip with no over-
burden, programmed frameworks ceasing for no undeniable reason, electronic frameworks work in one area
yet not in other area. Here, legitimate changes in perspective of PQ have been planned which is valuable and
accommodating in understanding the relief systems utilizing Facts Devices.
.
III. POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN LOW VOLTAGE
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

In control transmission systems, receptive power is seen to quality issues. Directions are connected in a few
areas that decrease the contortion and lopsidedness infused by a client in a dispersion framework. These
controls may require compensators (channels) introduced on client premises.[13]

It is additionally expected that an utility will give a less twisting adjusted voltage to its clients, especially those
having delicate burdens. Generally, Static Var Compensators (SVCs) have been used alongside aloof channels
at the level of dispersion for receptive power remuneration and alleviation of energy quality issues. Despite
the fact that SVCs are extremely productive framework controllers that are utilized for giving receptive power
remuneration at the transmission level, their lessened data transfer capacity, expansive number of aloof
component check expanding the size and misfortunes, and not all that quicker reaction make them
inadmissible for the present day dissemination needs. [11]

Another remunerating framework has been presented by, utilizing a coordinated arrangement of SVC and
dynamic power channel that can play out the pay of three stage stacks inside at least two cycles. Hence, a
controller doing the consistent checking of the heap voltages and the streams to choose the right measure of

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remuneration required by the framework alongside the lesser reaction time must be a specific substitute. Low
Voltage Transmission Static Compensator (STATCOM) has the capacity to get over the above said
impediments by offering an exact control and fast reaction amid transient and consistent state, with decreased
impression and weight. Be that as it may, the stringent needs of STATCOM misfortunes and the aggregate
framework misfortune punishment keep the utilization of high recurrence PWM for VSC based STATCOM
applications. This confinement of the execution of VSC either with no PWM or with lesser exchanging
recurrence PWM usefulness brings about DC transport voltage changes, prompting over-streams and
excursions of the STATCOM amid and after framework mutilations and issues - when its VAR bolster
usefulness is the most needed[14].

Be the essential reason of the expansion in framework misfortunes and a few influence [9]

IV. STATIC COMPENSATOR

Static Compensator (STATCOM) strategy is moderately a typical method for wiping out current sounds from
the line. The fundamental thought of STATCOM is to infuse approach sizes of the present/voltage sounds
produced by the nonlinear load with 180 degrees stage contrast to the line so they scratch off each other.
These STATCOMs offer answers for shunt the sounds and keep them from encouraging again into the utility
lattice; it prompts control quality change, for example, THD minimization and power factor change [10]

3 R
GR L
Non-
Contr
ol

Fig 1 Block diagram

The Active Power Filter lessens the sounds in the AC source by smothering the receptive current influenced
by the non-direct loads. The control system of the APF ought to have the capacity to convey a preset measure
of dynamic current to the non-direct load and the abundance current at that point to the AC source. The Active
Power Filter which gives the power factor amendment, control adjusting and Harmonic disposal.

IV. 1. OVERVIEW OF STATCOM

The STATCOM is essentially a shunt-associated VSC, showed in Fig 2. It is one among the center FACTS
controllers with the ability of controlling the yield receptive current, and in this manner the responsive power,
free of the AC voltage [13]. It is mostly utilized for voltage control and furthermore be used for expanding the
transmission limit in electrical cables, improving the voltage/point solidness, damping of motions and going
about as a dynamic channel. What's more, the STATCOM can be used for matrix interfacing the sustainable
power sources with a specific end goal to meet the framework codes. In its key structure, the STATCOM can
simply trade receptive power with the lattice, however in the event that fitted with vitality stockpiling, the
STATCOM can likewise do the trading of dynamic power. The execution and uses of STATCOMs are broke
down in this work, be that as it may, the proposal is centered around STATCOMs utilized on dissemination
level.[13]

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Fig 2 Transmission Line STATCOM

Responsive power remuneration is a significant issue in controlling electric power frameworks. Receptive
power brings about an expansion in the misfortunes of the transmission framework and limits the influence
transmission limit of the transmission lines. What's more, the receptive power coursing through the
transmission lines can prompt colossal abundancy changes in the accepting side voltage. This section
demonstrates the effect of STATCOM in control framework over responsive power control by the right
displaying of a straightforward power framework and voltage source converter based STATCOM making
utilization of simulink and simpower framework tool compartments in MATLAB. [15]

The current power transmission and dissemination frameworks are overpowered with rising requirements for
more measure of energy with better quality and more noteworthy dependability at lesser cost. The nations in
the creating division can utilize multi-faceted measures for voltage direction and framework adjustment, in
order to productively utilize the accessible transmission systems. The use of energy hardware as
SSSC,STATCOM and UPFC is an outstanding autonomous of the specific application. A STATCOM is really
a controlled receptive power source. It yields the fundamental responsive power age and ingestion totally
through electronic preparing of the voltage and current waveforms in a VSC. [16]

IV. 2. Normal for STATCOM

The STATCOM can accommodate both the capacitive and the inductive remuneration and is skilled to
autonomously controlling its yield current over the evaluated greatest capacitive or inductive range with no
respect to the measure of AC-framework voltage. The STATCOM can give entire capacitive-receptive power
at any framework voltage regardless of the possibility that it as low as 0.15 p.u. what's more, has the ability of
giving a total yield of capacitive age about autonomous of the framework voltage. The STATCOM is wanted
to offer help to the framework voltage amid and after shortcomings that can generally will bring about voltage
fall. A typical V-I normal for a STATCOM is appeared in Fig 3[112]

Fig 3. V-I Characteristics STATCOM

Vpu, Imin and Imax allude to voltage per unit, least present and most extreme current correspondingly. The
most extreme feasible transient over current in the capacitive district is chosen by the greatest current side
road limit of the converter switches. The converter switches are commutated normally in the inductive area.
Consequently, the transient-current rating of the STATCOM is diminished by the greatest permissible
intersection temperature of the converter switches. Essentially, the semiconductor switches of the converter
are not lossy, along these lines the vitality that is put away in the DC capacitor is later used to satisfy the

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interior misfortunes of the converter, and subsequently, the DC capacitor voltage starts to diminish.
Regardless, while the STATCOM is used for the age of responsive power, the converter itself can keep up the
capacitor to be charged to the voltage level required. This assignment is accomplished by having the yield
voltages of the converter to linger behind the AC-framework voltages by only a little edge.[14]

IV. 3. EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODEL OF STATCOM

The STATCOM comprises of 3 phase bus, shunt transformer, VSC and DC capacitor. Fig 4 illustrates the
equivalent circuit of the STATCOM.

Fig 4.a. Equivalent Circuit of STATCOM Fig 4.b. Phasor diagram With Inductive Load [17]

Fig 4.c. Equivalent Circuit of STATCOM Fig 4.d. Phasor diagramWith Capacitive Load

Here RL and XL allude to the STATCOM transformer protection and reactance correspondingly. V0
demonstrate the converter AC side stage voltages, Vabc remain for the framework side stage voltages, and
iabc alludes to the stage streams. 'K' remains for the tweak record. Vdc , Idc and Pdc alludes to the DC
capacitor voltage, current and DC control. THETA remains for the stage edge between the transport voltage
and converter yield voltage. Rdc and Cdc alludes to the genuine power misfortunes in switches and DC
capacitor esteem. Pac and Qac remains for the STATCOM infused genuine and responsive power. [18]

The vital objectives of a shunt compensator in a framework are as underneath:

Compensating for a poor load control factor with the end goal that the current got from the source will have
a near solidarity control factor.

Suppressing the music in burdens with the end goal that the current got from source is around sinusoidal.

Voltage control for the heaps, which result in variances in the supply voltage.

Cancelation of the effect of unevenness loads with the end goal that the current acquired from the source is
adjusted (stack adjusting).[20]

V. SIMULATION RESULTS
This undertaking is recreated in MATLAB R2009b instrument which is easy to use programming. MATLAB
is an abnormal state dialect and intuitive condition to be utilized for numerical estimations, representation, and
programming. Utilizing MATLAB, you can assess information, outline calculations, and create models and

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applications. Simulink, created by Math Works, is an information stream graphical programming dialect
apparatus intended for the displaying, reproduction and examination of multi area dynamic frameworks. Its
essential interface is fundamentally a graphical piece charting apparatus and a customized set comprising of
square libraries. It gives a more tightly joining the others of the MATLAB condition and can either drive
MATLAB or else be scripted from it. Simulink is widely used in charge hypothesis and computerized flag
handling for multi space recreation and Model-Based Design.

Fig 5. Simulation Diagram of Proposed System

In control circulation systems, responsive power is the essential purpose for the expansion in framework
misfortunes and diverse influence quality issues. Controls are connected in a few places that reduce the
contortion and unevenness infused by a client in a framework. These directions may require the establishment
of compensators (channels) on client premises. It is additionally foreseen that an utility will give less bending
adjusted voltage to its clients, especially to those having touchy burdens. Despite the fact that, the terms
worried about power quality hold for transmission and dispersion frameworks, their approach towards the
power quality has different concerns. A designer of transmission framework needs to manage the control of
dynamic and receptive power streaming for expanding both the stacking ability and steadiness limitations of
the transmission framework.[19]

Fig 6. Dc Link Voltage

Fig 7. Current Magnitude

On the opposite side, an architect of appropriation framework needs to manage stack remuneration (through
individual or gathering pay) in order to keep up the power quality for each heap in the dispersion framework,
for example, achieving a near sinusoidal transport voltage at evaluated greatness for each heap.

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This significance to control quality has additionally got in the arrangement by utilizing power electronic based
power molding gadgets[21]

Fig 8. Voltage & Current Magnitude without STATCOM

Fig 9. Grid Current & Voltage, Injected Current

Fig 10. Voltage & Current Magnitude with STATCOM

Fig 11. Power factor With STATCOM

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Fig 12. Real & Reactive Power with STATCOM

Fig 13. Power Factor without STATCOM

Fig 14. Output Simulation Model of Real & Reactive Power without STATCOM

VI. CONCLUSION

This undertaking gives the efficient procedure of the demonstrating and reproduction of a Low voltage
transmission utilizing STATCOM for control quality issues, in light of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation
(SVPWM) strategy. Power quality is one event delineated to be a nonstandard voltage, current or recurrence,
which causes a disappointment of end client gadgets. So as to determine this issue, custom power hardware is
utilized. One among those gadgets is the Low Voltage Transmission STATCOM, the most clever and
compelling current custom power gadget used in control transmission systems. STATCOM infuses a current
in to the framework for amending the power quality issues (receptive power pay and enhance the power factor
too decrease the THD). The reenactment comes about demonstrate that the execution of the framework has
been seen to fulfill on account of energy quality issue and offer answers for shunt the music and keep them
from encouraging once more into the utility lattice;. It prompts control quality change, for example, THD
minimization and power factor change. In future Neuro-SVPWM controllers can be intended to enhance the
outcomes more.[22]

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