A

Report
on
WIRELESS BASED CONTROL & SECURED
APPLIANCE SYSTEM
Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of Requirement Of The Degree
Of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

Submitted By:
IMRAN RASHEED
SARDENDU KUMAR

Electronics & Communication Department

The Department Of Electronics & Communication Engineering

GYAN VIHAR SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY, JAIPUR
December, 2011.

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 GYAN VIHAR SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHONOLOGY
JAIPUR
Department Of Electronics & Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that a Project Report on WIRELESS BASED CONTROLE & SECURED
APPLIANCES SYSTEM is submitted by IMRAN RASHEED students of final year 2011-
2012 in Partial fulfillment for the award of Degree Bachelor of Technology in Electronics &
Communication Engineering, to GYAN VIHAR SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

& TECHONOLOGY JAIPUR is a record of the students own work carried out
under my supervision.

Guide:

MS.SANTOSH MEENA

MR.VIRENDRA MR.RASHID HUSSAIN

Lecture HOD

Deptt. Of ECE Deptt. Of ECE

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2
 Acknowledgment

This satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task

would be incomplete without the mention of people whose ceaseless co-

operation made the task possible. Their constant guidance and encouragement

place a much important role in successful completion of that work.

I express my gratitude to all those who helped in various stages of this study.

Most importantly I would like to thank MS.SANTOSH MEENA &

MR.VIRENDER for imparting his valuable knowledge and experiences

regarding the subject.

At last but not the least thankful to all the staff member of GYAN VIHAR

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAIPUR, Department of

Electronics and Communication Engineering.

IMRAN RASHEED
SARDENDU KUMAR

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 Abstract

Security is a prime concern in our day-today life. Everyone wants to be as much secure as
possible. Wireless Secured Lock System is an embedded project used to operate any
solenoidal lock or any other appliances whether 220volts or 5volts.

. The microcontroller based project is an access control system that allows only
authorized persons to access appliances via code. The system is fully controlled by the 8 bit
microcontroller AT89S52 which has a 8Kbytes of ROM for the program memory. The
password is set by the user at the system startup
The system has a 4-switches keypad by which the password can be entered through it.
When the entered password equals with the password stored then the relay gets on and so that
the appliance is on. If we entered a wrong password then system doesnt responses.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Acknowledgment..3
2. Abstract.4

1. Introduction ...9

2. Project Description10
2.1 Block diagram...10
2.2 Block diagram Explanation..10
2.2.1 Atmels AT89S52 Microcontroller..10
1. CPU...12
2. Timers/Counters.13
3. Description.13
4. Pin Description...14
5. Status of External Pins...16
2.2.2 Keypad.18
1. Description.19
2.2.3 ULN 2003 IC (Relay Driver IC) .19
1. Description.19
2. Pin Diagram...20
3. Absolute Maximum Ratings..20
2.2.4 Display Section 16x2 LCD...20
1. General Specification.21
2. Features..22
3. Pin Diagram...22
4. Pin Description..23
5. Absolute Maximum Ratings..23
2.2.5 Relay24
1. Working 24
2. Types of Relays..25
2.2.6 Power Supply...26
1. Regulator IC (7805) ......26

3. Hardware & Software Requirements..27

3.1 Hardware Requirements.27
3.2 Software Requirements..27
3.2.1 Introduction To Keil28
3.3 Programmer....29

4. Circuit Diagram Description....30

4.1 Circuit Diagram.........30

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 4.2 Circuit Diagram Explanation.........32

5 Flow Chart..36
5.1 Flowchart...36
6. Source Code...37
7.Soldering.....40
7.1 Procedure...40
8. Testing.41
8.1 Test Plans ..41
8.2 Types Of Testing41
9. Conclusion And Future Trends....42
9.1 Applications...42
9.2 Future Enhancements.........42
Bibliography...43

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List of Figures-
Figure 1: Block Diagram.10
Figure 2: AT89S52 40 PIN Microcontroller...11
Figure 3: Pin Diagram.14
Figure 4: Block Diagram of 8051 Microconroller...15
Figure 5: Oscillator Connections.16
Figure 6: Keypad.19
Figure 7: ULN 2003A IC(DIP Package)....20
Figure 8: Pin Diagram Of ULN 003 IC..20
Figure 9: A 16x2 LCD....21
Figure 10:LCD Pin Diagram..22
Figure 11: Relays Working...24
Figure 12: General Purpose Relay.....25
Figure 13: Power Relay..25
Figure 14: Solid State Relay..25
Figure 15: 7805 IC.26
Figure 16: Circuit Diagram27
Figure 17: Flow Chart28
Figure 18: Encoder HT12E29
Figure 19: RF Transmitter Module ...33
Figure 20: RF Receiver Module ...34
Figure 21: Decoder HT12D...35

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List of Tables-
Table 1: Port 3 Pin Functions...16
Table 2: Status of External Pins...18
Table 3:Max Rating Of AT89C51...18
Table 4: Types of ULN IC...19
Table 5: Absolute Maximum Ratings..20
Table 6: Pin Description.23
Table 7: Absolute Maximum Ratings.23

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 1. Introduction

Wireless: This project is using Radio Frequency of 433 MHz in Transmission and Reception
via Transmitter, Receiver and Antennas.

Secured: It is secured as it will be having Output only if the code entered satisfies the Code
written in the Microcontroller. Codes are entered through the combination of the switches on
the remote. Also the code entered is visible to us by the glowing LEDs.

Embedded Technology: An embedded system is a special-purpose system in which the

computer is completely encapsulated by the device it controls. Unlike a general-purpose
computer, such as a personal computer, an embedded system performs pre-defined tasks,
usually with very specific requirements. Since the system is dedicated to a specific task,
design engineers can optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product. Embedded
systems are often mass-produced, so the cost savings may be multiplied by millions of items.
The system comprises a keypad and the keypads are connected to the 4 bit encoder.
At receiver section Decoder is connected to microcontroller AT89S52. This is one of the
popular Microcontroller. It has 40 pins and there are 32 input/output lines. The
microcontroller has a program memory of 4Kilobytes. The microcontroller continuously
monitor the code and if somebody enters the password it will check the entered password
with the password which was stored in the memory and if it they are same then the
microcontroller will switch on the corresponding appliances relay.

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 2. Project Description

2.1 Block Diagram

4-Bit KeyPad Encoder & Transmitter

Display
section
(16X2
LCD)
Micro
Receiver controller
& AT89s52
Decoder
ULN 2003
(Relay
Driver) Relay Output

Power
Supply

Figure 1: Block Diagram

2.2 Block Diagram Explanation

2.2.1 Atmels AT89S52 Microcontroller

8051s Architencture

Atmel offers a broad range of microcontrollers based on the 8051 architecture ranging in
code density from 2K bytes to 128K bytes. The product line includes 8-bit microcontrollers
based on the powerful, low-power Single-Cycle AT89LP core as well as MCS-51 industry
standard socket drop-in devices and small footprint 14/16/20/28-pin derivatives, all
manufactured in advanced Flash technologies. Most members in this product line include ISP
(In-System Programming) capability, while some also support the high

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 speed (X2) mode which doubles the internal clock frequency for CPU and peripherals upon
user selection.There are also Application Specific 8051 Products with specialized functions
to serve dedicated markets:

CAN Networking
USB Applications

Atmel's single-cycle AT89LP devices can be used in existing 80C51-based applications with
binary-level code compatibility while substantially increasing performance by a factor of 6
to12 times, up to 30MIPS. This exciting family brings modern features and peripherals to the
user while minimizing power consumption for low-voltage and battery-powered applications.

Figure 2: AT89C51 40 PIN Microcontroller

The following list gives the features of the 8051 architecture:

Compatible with MCS-51 Products
8K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory
Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
Three-level Program Memory Lock
128 x 8-bit Internal RAM

32 Programmable I/O Lines

Two 16-bit Timer/Counters

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 Six Interrupt Sources
Programmable Serial Channel
Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes

Central Processing Unit

The CPU is the brain of the microcontrollers reading user's programs
and executing the expected task as per instructions stored there in. Its primary elements are
an 8 bit Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Accumulator (Acc), few more 8 bit registers, B
register, Stack Pointer (SP), Program Status Word (PSW) and 16 bit registers, Program
Counter (PC) and Data Pointer Register (DPTR). The ALU (Acc) performs arithmetic and
logic functions on 8 bit input variables. Arithmetic operations include basic addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division. Logical operations are AND, OR, Exclusive OR as
well as rotate, clear, complement and etc. Apart from all the above, ALU is responsible in
conditional branching decisions, and provides a temporary place in data transfer operations
within the device. B register is mainly used in multiply and divide operations. During
execution, B register either keeps one of the two inputs and then retains a portion of the
result. For other instructions, it can be used as another general purpose register.

Timers/Counters
8051 has two 16 bit Timers/Counters capable of working in different modes.
Each consists of a `High' byte and a `Low' byte which can be accessed under software. There
is a mode control register and a control register to configure these timers/counters in number
of ways.These timers can be used to measure time intervals, determine pulse widths or
initiate events with one microsecond resolution upto a maximum of 65 millisecond
(corresponding to 65, 536 counts). Use software to get longer delays. Working as counter,
they can accumulate occurrences of external events (from DC to 500KHz) with 16 bit
precision.
In our project we are using 8 bit microcontroller AT89C2051, it is the advanced 8 bit
microcontroller from ATMEL, which incorporates Flash Rom, and Timer etc.

Features of AT89S52
Compatible with MCS-51 Products
8K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory
Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
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 Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
Three-level Program Memory Lock
128 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Two 16-bit Timer/Counters
Six Interrupt Sources
Programmable Serial Channel
Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes

Description
The AT89S52 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 8
Kbytes of Flash Programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device
is manufactured using Atmels high density nonvolatile memory technology and is
compatible with theindustry Standard MCS-51 instruction set and pinout. By combining a
versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful
microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many
embedded control applications.

PIN Configurations

Figure 3: Pin Diagram

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 Block Diagram

Figure 4: Block Diagram of 8051 Microconroller

Pin Description Of AT89S52

1. VCC: Supply voltage.

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2. GND: Ground.
3. Port 0: Port 0 is an 8-bit open-drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can
sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as
highimpedance inputs. Port 0 may also be configured to be the multiplexed loworder
address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode P0 has
internal pullups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming, and outputs
the code bytes during program verification. External pullups are required during program
verification.
4. Port 1:Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 1 output
buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are pulled
high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are
externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups. Port 1
also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification.
5. Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 2 output
buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins they are pulled
high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs.
As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because
of the internal pullups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external
program memory and during accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit addresses
(MOVX @ DPTR). In this application, it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s.
During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2
emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order
address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification.
6. Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 3 output
buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they are pulled
high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are
externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pullups. Port 3 also
serves the functions of various special features of the AT89C51 as listed below:

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 Table 1: Port 3 Pin Functions

Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification.
7. RST: Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running
resets the device.
8. ALE/PROG: Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address
during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during
Flash programming. In normal operation ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the
oscillator frequency, and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note,
however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external Data Memory. If
desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set,
ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly
pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external
execution mode.

9. PSEN: Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory. When the
AT89C51 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each
machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external
data memory.

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10. EA/VPP: External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device
to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. Note,
however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset. EA should
be strapped to VCC for internal program executions. This pin also receives the 12-volt
programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash programming, for parts that require 12-volt
VPP.
11. XTAL1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating
circuit.
12. XTAL2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

Oscillator Characteristics
XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output, respectively, of an inverting amplifier which
can be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator.

Idle Mode
In idle mode, the CPU puts itself to sleep while all the onchip peripherals remain active. The
mode is invoked by software. The content of the on-chip RAM and all the special functions
registers remain unchanged during this mode. The idle mode can be terminated by any
enabled

Figure 5: Oscillator Connections

Status of External Pins During Idle and Power-down Modes

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 Table 2: Status of External Pins

Absolute maximum Ratings of AT89S52 Microcontroller

Operating Temperature -55C to +125C

Storage Temperature -65C to +150C

Voltage on Any Pin -1.0V to +7.0V

with Respect to Ground

Maximum Operating Voltage 6.6V

DC Output Current 15.0 mA

Table 3:Max Rating Of AT89S52

2.2.2 Keypad:

Keypad is a widely used input device with lots of application in our everyday life. From a
simple telephone to keyboard of a computer, ATM, electronic lock, etc., keypad is used to
take input from the user for further processing. In this article we are interfacing keypad with
the MCU AT89C51 and displaying the corresponding number on LCD. This module can be
further used in a number of systems to interfaced keypad with microcontroller and other
processors to get desired output. The program to interface keypad with controller is written in
C language which is very easy to understand.

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 Figure 6: keypad
2.2.3 ULN 2003 IC (Relay Driver IC)

Description :

Figure 7: ULN 2003A IC(DIP Package)

The ULN2003 is high voltage, high current darlington arrays containing seven open collector
darlington pairs with common emitters. Each channel rated at 500mA and can withstand peak
currents of 600mA. Suppression diodes are included for inductive load driving and the inputs
are pinned opposite the outputs to simplify board layout. The four versions ULN2001A,
ULN2002A, ULN2003 and ULN2004A interface to all common logic families:

These versatile devices are useful for driving a wide range of loads including solenoids,
relays DC motors, LED displays filament lamps, thermal printheads and high power buffers.
The ULN2001A/2002A/2003A and 2004A are supplied in 16 pin plastic DIP packages with a
copper leadframe to reduce thermal resistance. They are available also in small outline
package (SO-16) as ULN2001D/2002D/2003D/2004D.
Features of ULN 2003 IC
Seven darlingtons per package
Output current 500ma per driver (600ma peak)
Output voltage 50v
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 Integrated suppression diodes for inductive loads
Outputs can be paralleled for higher current
TTL/CMOS/PMOS/DTL compatible inputs
Inputs pinned opposite outputs tosimplify layout
Pin Diagram :

Figure 8: Pin Diagram Of ULN 003 IC

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Table 5: Absolute Maximum Ratings

2.2.4 Display Section 16x2 LCD

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range
of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in
various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other
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multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have
no limitation of displaying special & even custom characters (unlike in seven segments),
animations and so on.

In our project we have used a JHD162A 16x2 LCD. JHD means JEWEL HILL and D is for
viewing angle of 6:00 .

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this
LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely,
Command and Data. The command register stores the command instructions given to the
LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it,
clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data register stores
the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be
displayed on the LCD.

Figure 9: A 16x2 LCD

General Specifications:
Display Fonts: 16 X 2
Display Type: Stn
Display Color: Yellow-Green
Polarizermode: Transflective
View Angle: 6 Oclock
Driving Method: 1/16 Duty , 1/5 Bias
Backlight: Led
Data Transfer: 8 / 4 Bit Parallel
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Features
5 x 8 dots with cursor
Built-in controller (KS 0066 or Equivalent)
+ 5V power supply (Also available for + 3V)
1/16 duty cycle
B/L to be driven by pin 1, pin 2 or pin 15, pin 16 or A.K (LED)
N.V. optional for + 3V power supply

Pin Diagram:

Figure 10: LCD Pin Diagram

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Pin Description:

Pin
Function Name
No
1 Ground (0V) Ground
2 Supply Voltage; 5V (4.7V 5.3V) Vcc
3 Contrast Adjustment; Through A Variable VEE
4 Selects Command Register When Low; And Data Register When Register Select
High
5 Low To Write To The Register; High To Read From The RegisterRead/write
6 Sends Data To Data Pins When A High To Low Pulse Is Given Enable
7 DB0
8 DB1
9 DB2
10 DB3
8-Bit Data Pins
11 DB4
12 DB5
13 DB6
14 DB7
15 Backlight VCC (5V) Led+
16 Backlight Ground (0V) Led-

Table 6: Pin Description

Absolute Maximum Ratings:

Item Symbol Min. Max. Unit Remark

Power Supply Voltage V -V

DD SS
-0.3 7.0 V
LCD Driving Voltage -0.3 13.0 V
V LCD

Operating Temperature T OP -0 +0 No Condensation

Range
Storage Temperature Range T ST
-20 +70 No Condensation

Table 7: Absolute Maximum Ratings

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2.2.5 Relay

A relay is usually an electromechanical device that is actuated by an electrical current. The

current flowing in one circuit causes the opening or closing of another circuit. Relays are like
remote control switches and are used in many applications because of their relative
simplicity, long life, and proven high reliability. They are used in a wide variety of
applications throughout industry, such as in telephone exchanges, digital computers and
automation systems.
All relays contain a sensing unit, the electric coil, which is powered by AC or DC current.
When the applied current or voltage exceeds a threshold value, the coil activates the
armature, which operates either to close the open contacts or to open the closed contacts.
When a power is supplied to the coil, it generates a magnetic force that actuates the switch
mechanism. The magnetic force is, in effect, relaying the action from one circuit to another.
The first circuit is called the control circuit; the second is called the load circuit. A relay is
usually an electromechanical device that is actuated by an electrical current.
The current flowing in one circuit causes the opening or closing of another circuit.

Figure 11: Relays Working

Types of Relays
There are two basic classifications of relays:
A. Electromechanical Relay
B. Solid State Relay.

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Electromechanical relays have moving parts, whereas solid state relays have no moving
parts. Advantages of Electromechanical relays include lower cost, no heat sink is required,
multiple poles are available, and they can switch AC or DC with equal ease.

A. Electromechanical Relays
a. General Purpose Relay: The general-purpose relay is rated by the amount of current
its switch contacts can handle. Most versions of the general-purpose relay have one to
eight poles and can be single or double throw. These are found in computers, copy
machines, and other consumer electronic equipment and appliances.

Figure 12: General Purpose Relay

b. Power Relay: The power relay is capable of handling larger power loads 10-50
amperes or more.
They are usually single-pole or double-pole units.

Figure 13: Power Relay

c. Contactor: A special type of high power relay, its used mainly to control high
voltages and currents in industrial electrical applications. Because of these high
power requirements, contactors always have double-make contacts.

d. Time-Delay Relay: The contacts might not open or close until some time interval
after the coil has been energized. This is called delay-on-operate. Delay-on-release
means that the contacts will remain in their actuated position until some interval after
the power has been removed from the coil.

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 A third delay is called interval timing. Contacts revert to their alternate position at a
specific interval of time after the coil has been energized.
The timing of these actions may be a fixed parameter of the relay, or adjusted by a
knob on the relay itself, or remotely adjusted through an external circuit.

B.Solid State Relays

Figure 14: Solid State Relay

These active semiconductor devices use light instead of magnetism to actuate a switch. The
light comes from an LED, or light emitting diode. When control power is applied to the
devices output, the light is turned on and shines across an open space. On the load side of
this space, a part of the device senses the presence of the light, and triggers a solid state
switch that either opens or closes the circuit under control.

2.2.6 Power Supply

1. Regulator IC (7805)
The LM7805 monolithic 3-terminal positive voltage regulators employ internal
current-limiting, thermal shutdown and safe-area compensation, making them essentially
indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1.0A output current.
They are intended as fixed voltage regulators in a wide range of applications including local
(on-card) regulation for elimination of noise and distribution problems associated with
single-point regulation. In addition to use as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be
used with external components to obtain adjustable output voltages and currents.
Considerable effort was expended to make the entire series of regulators easy to use and
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minimize the number of external components. It is not necessary to bypass the output,
although this does improve transient response. Input bypassing is needed only if the regulator
is located far from the filter capacitor of the power supply.

Features:
Complete specifications at 1A load
Output voltage tolerances of 2% at Tj = 25
Line regulation of 0.01% of Vout/V of Vin at 1A load
Load regulation of 0.3% of Vout/A
Internal thermal overload protection
Internal short-circuit current limit
Output transistor safe area protection

Figure 15:7805 IC

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 3. Hardware & Software Requirements

3.1 Hardware Requirements

This system describes the various hardwares that are included in the Automatic Plant
Irrigator are as follows:

Components List
IC AT89S52 : It is a 40-pin, Microcontroller chip produced by Atmel
IC 7805 : It is a 3 terminal, 5V positive voltage regulator.
ULN2003 : It is a Buffer IC used to drive the relay
Relay : 12V, 1A relay. It is an electro-mechanical switch.
Diodes : 1N4001, required for protection of relay
Crystal : 12 MHz, for clock signal generation.
Resistors : Various ranges of carbon resistors are required
Capacitors : Various ranges of capacitors are required
LCD : For Display purpose.
PCB : The system uses a single sided PCB to which all components are
soldered.

3.2 Software Requirements

3.2.1 Introduction To Keil

Keil MicroVision is an integrated development environment used to create software

to be run on embedded systems (like a microcontroller). It allows for such software to be
written either in assembly or C programming languages and for that software to be simulated
on a computer before being loaded onto the microcontroller.

Vision3 is an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that helps write, compile,

and debug embedded programs. It encapsulates the following components:

A project manager.

A make facility.

Tool configuration.

Editor.

A powerful debugger.

To create a new project in uVision3:

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 1. Select Project - New Project.

2. Select a directory and enter the name of the project file.

3. Select Project Select Device and select a device from Device Database.

4. Create source files to add to the project

5. Select Project - Targets, Groups, and Files. Add/Files, select Source Group1, and add
the source files to the project.
6. Select Project - Options and set the tool options. Note that when the target device is
selected from the Device Database all-special options are set automatically. Default
memory model settings are optimal for most applications.

7. Select Project - Rebuild all target files or Build target.

3.3 Programmer

The programmer used is a powerful programmer for the Atmel 89 series of microcontrollers
that includes 89C51/52/55, 89S51/52/55 and many more.

It is simple to use & low cost, yet powerful flash microcontroller programmer for the
Atmel 89 series. It will Program, Read and Verify Code Data, Write Lock Bits, Erase and
Blank Check. All fuse and lock bits are programmable. This programmer has intelligent
onboard firmware and connects to the serial port. It can be used with any type of computer
and requires no special hardware. All that is needed is a USB port which all computers have.

All devices also have a number of lock bits to provide various levels of software and
programming protection. These lock bits are fully programmable using this programmer.
Lock bits are useful to protect the program to be read back from microcontroller only
allowing erase to reprogram the microcontroller.

Major parts of this programmer are USB Port, Power Supply and Firmware
microcontroller. Data is sent and received from USB connector. A Male USB port cable, is
connected to the USB port of computer. All the programming intelligence is built into the
programmer so you do not need any special hardware to run it. Programmer comes with
window based software for easy programming of the devices.

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 4. Circuit Diagram Description

4.1
]
Circuit Diagram Power Supply
SUPPLY
12 volt

5 volt

RF TX SECTION RF RX SECTION

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CONTROLLER SECTION

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4.2. Circuit Diagram Explanation
4-bit Keypad can be kept at a distance of 100 meters (standard condition) from the Receiver.
It works with the supply of 9 volts.Used for taking in the Code by User and transmitting the
code to the Receiver Board.It Comprises of Switches, Resistor, LEDs, Encoder and
Transmitter. The Code pattern is entered through the switches On-Off sequence.
The code is Encoded and Transmitted via RF Transmitter.
ENCODER HT12E:
The encoders are a series of CMOS LSIs for remote control system applications. They are
capable of encoding information which consists of N address bits and 12-N data bits. Each
address/
data input can be set to one of the two logic states. The programmed addresses/data are
transmitted together with the header bits via an RF or an infrared transmission medium upon
receipt of a trigger signal.
Features
* Operating voltage
* 2.4V~5V for the HT12A
* Low power and high noise immunity
CMOS technology
* Low standby current: 0.1*A (typ.) at VDD=5V
* Minimum transmission word Figure 18: Encoder HT12E
* Four words for the HT12E
* Built-in oscillator needs only 5% resistor
* Data code has positive polarity
* Minimal external components

RF TRANSMITTER MODULE:
These modules are now widely and
cheaply available with the operating
frequency of 433 MHz.
The transmitter module accepts serial
data. The encoder IC takes in parallel data at the TX side packages it into serial format and
then transmits it with the help of a RF transmitter module.
Features
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Range in open space (Standard Conditions): 100 Meters
Low Power Consumption
Easy For Application
TX Frequency Range: 433.92 MHz
TX Supply Voltage: 3V ~ 6V

433 MHz Transmitter:

The TX433 wireless RF transmitter uses on/off keying to transmit data to the matching
receiver, RX433. The data input keys the saw resonator in the transmitter when the input is
+3 volts or greater, AM modulating the data onto the 433 MHz carrier. The data is then
demodulated by the receiver, which accurately reproduces the original data. The data input is
CMOS level Compatible when the unit is run on +5 volts.
When driving with a CMOS input, there must be enough level to achieve at least 3V on the
data input, 5V is preferable. This is due to the start-up time of the oscillator needing to be fast
to accurately reproduce your data. If the voltage is too low, the oscillator will not start fast
enough to accurately reproduces your data, especially at higher data rates. Luckily not much
drive is needed, so this should be easy since it is 22K ohms of load. Almost any CMOS
output will drive this without any problems. There are some CMOS outputs which have very
little drive capability which may not work, so testing the voltage at the data input may be a
wise choice if you are having problems.

ANTENNA CONSIDERATIONS:

The simplest antenna consists of a piece of wire approximately 6 to 7 inches long. If you
desire more range you can try a ground plane antenna or a Yagi such as the Ramsey 400-4
model. The antenna should be tuned for the 433 MHz band for best operation.
Having two Yagi antennas, one for the transmitter and one for the receiver will allow you to
extend the range considerably, but since they are directional, this would be best for if your
receiver and transmitter are in fixed positions.

Receiver Board:

Receiver Board receives the transmitted serial code by the transmitters antenna. It have a
Receiver Antenna. The Code received is applied to the Decoder IC. It converts the serial data
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to the parallel data(code). The received code pattern is seen on the LED pattern. The same
code is applied to the Microcontrollers Port 1 (Pin 5 to Pin 8).
The Micro-controller compares the code with the security code and gives output to the Port 2
( Pin 21).
The output of at Pin 21 is small and not enough for the working of the Relay. For amplifying
ULN2003 IC is used. The boosted output is then apllied to the Relay.

Receiver Board Parts Description:

RF RECEIVER MODULE:

These modules are now widely and cheaply available with the operating frequency of 433
MHz. At the RX end, the decoder IC receives the signal via the RF receiver module, decodes
the serial data and reproduces the original data in the parallel format.
Features
Range in open space:
(Standard Conditions) 100 Meters
RX Receiver Frequency: 433 MHz
Low Power Consumption
Easy For Application
RX Operating Voltage: 5V

433 MHz RF Receiver Figure 20: RF Receiver Module

The receiver shown in Figure also contains just one transistor. It is biased to act as a
regenerative oscillator, in which the received antenna signal causes the transistor to switch to
high amplification, thereby automatically arranging the signal detection. Next, the raw
demodulated signal is amplified and shaped-up by op-amps. The result is a fairly clean digital
signal at the output of the receiver. The logic high level is at about 2/3 of the supply voltage,
i.e., between 3 V and 4.5 V.
The range of the simple system shown in Figures is much smaller than that of more
expensive units, mainly because of the low transmit power (approx. 1 mW) and the relative
insensitivity and wide-band nature of the receiver. Moreover, amplitude-modulated noise is
not suppressed in any way.
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DECODER HT12D:

The decoders are a series of CMOS LSIs for remote control system applications. They are
paired. For proper operation, a pair of
Encoder/ decoder with the same number of addresses and data format should be chosen. The
decoders receive serial addresses and data from programmed encoders that are transmitted by
a carrier using an RF or an IR transmission medium. They compare the serial input data three
times continuously with their local addresses. If no error or unmatched codes are found, the
input data codes are decoded and then transferred to the output pins. The VT pin also goes
high to indicate a valid transmission. The decoders are capable of decoding information that
consists of N bits of address and 12-N bits of data. The HT12D is arranged to provide 8
address bits and 4 data bits.
Features:
* Operating voltage: 2.4V~12V
* Low power and high noise
immunity CMOS technology
* Low standby current
* Capable of decoding 12 bits of
information
* Binary address setting
* Received codes are checked 3 times
* Address/Data number combination
* HT12D: 8 address bits and 4 data bits
* Built-in oscillator needs only 5% resistor Figure 21: Decoder HT12D
* Valid transmission indicator
* Easy interface with an RF or an infrared
transmission medium

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 5 Flow Chart
5.1 Flowchart

OUTPUT
CHECK CORRECT HIGH
START READ THE
KEYPAD PASSWORD

WRONG

PASSWORD ATTEMPT

CHECK IF
WRONG
PASSWORD
ENTERED

No
Acces
s
Figure 22: Flow Chart

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 6. Source Code
#include<reg52.h>
sbit a=P2^0;
sbit b=P2^1;
sbit c=P2^2;
sbit d=P2^3;
sbit a1=P0^0;
sbit b1=P0^1;
sbit c1=P0^2;
sbit d1=P0^3;

void main()
{ P0=P2=0x00;
while(1)
{if(a==1 && b==0 && c==1 && d==0) //1010
{a1=1;b1=0;c1=0;d1=0;}
else if(a==1 && b==0 && c==0 && d==1) //1001
{a1=0;b1=1;c1=0;d1=0;}
else if(a==1 && b==0 && c==1 && d==1) //1011
{a1=0;b1=0;c1=1;d1=0;}
else if(a==1 && b==1 && c==0 && d==0) //1100
{a1=0;b1=0;c1=0;d1=1;}
else
{a1=0;b1=0;c1=0;d1=0;}
}
}

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 7. Soldering
Soldering is the process of joining metals by using lower melting point metal to wet
or alloy with the joined surfaces. Solder is the joining material. It melts below 427C.
Soldered joints in electronic circuits will establish strong electrical connections between
component leads. The popularly used solders are alloys of tin and lead that melt below the
melting point of tin.
In order to make the surfaces accept the solder readily, the component terminals
should be cleaned chemically or by abrasion using blades or knives. Small amount of lead
coating can be done on the cleaned portion of the leads using soldering iron. This process is
called tinning. Zinc chloride or ammonium chloride separately or in combination are the
most commonly used fluxes. These are available in petroleum jelly as paste flux. A solder
joint can at first glance to be okay, but under close examination it could be a Dry Joint. A
dry joint is when either the circuit board or the leg of the component has not been properly
heated to allow the solder to flow between the surfaces freely. This creates an intermittent or
no electrical connection. This can also be caused by a lack of flux or if you reuse old solder.
Quite often, reheating a bad join will cure the problem but in a lot of cases, the old
solder will need to be removed and some new solder applied. The residues, which remain
after the soldering, may be washed out with more water, accompanied by brushing.
Soldering iron is the tool used to melt the solder and apply at the joints in the circuit.
It operates in 230V mains supply. The iron bit at the tip of it gets heated up within a few
minutes. 50W and 25W soldering irons are commonly used for soldering purposes.
7.1 Procedure
1. Make a layout of the circuit.
2. Straighten and clean the component leads using blade or knife. Apply a little flux on
the leads. Take a little solder on soldering iron and apply the molten solder on the
leads.
3. Mount the components on the PCB by bending the leads of the components using
nose-pliers.
4. Apply flux on the joints and solder the joints. Soldering must be done in minimum
time to avoid dry soldering and heating up of components.

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 8. Testing

Testing goes side by side with implementation that is aimed at ensuring that system
works accurately and effectively before the live operation is performed. The common view of
testing held by the user is to ensure that there are no errors in a program with explicit
intention of handling errors.

8.1 Test Plans

The project is made up of several interrelated modules. Unit testing was performed at
the initial stage of development in the order to fix the bugs at initial stages followed by
system testing .Here each testing was conducted on particular set of test data. At the end
acceptance testing is done to satisfy the user.

8.2 Types Of Testing

Some important types of testing are as follows.
UNIT TESTING
INTERGATED TESTING
SYSTEM TESTING
ACCEPTANCE TESTING
In testing application we tested the system. The whole application is made of different
modules and each module is made of several sub modules. Unit testing focuses on each sub
module independent of one another, to locate errors. This enables us to detect errors that exist
within that module alone.

8.3. Relationship Of Levels Of Testing

The basic levels of testing such as Unit testing, System testing, Acceptance testing had been
completed and various faults, at various steps were removed.

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 9.Conclusion And Future Trends

9.1 Applications
Our electronic door lock performed as expected. We were able to implement all
of the functions specified in our proposal. The biggest hurdle we had to overcome with
this project was interfacing the micro controller with the hardware components. We feel
that this electronic door lock is very marketable because it is easy to use, comparatively
inexpensive due to low power consumption, and highly reliable. This door lock is
therefore particularly useful in applications such as hotel room door locks, residential
housing, and even office buildings.

Few applications are :

Basically this project is use as a security purpose. We are using here this project for
providing the security to our home, similarly we can use this project to protect any
restricted area like power plant security, Border security etc.
Project can be used to operate any device automatically, in this application entering
the correct passwoed is used to operate the device.
It can be used for military purpose.

9.2 Future Enhancements

Electrical devices such us Lights, Computer etc can be controlled by using
separate passwords.
The system can be easily connected to the personal computer for further control.

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 Bibliography

THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

-MUHAMMAD ALI MAZIDI
LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
-R. GAYKWAD

1. The 8051Microcontroller by Kenneth J. Ayala

2. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems by Muhammad Ali Mazidi.

3. www.8051projects.net

4. www.8051projects.info

5. www.edaboard.com

6. www.atmel.com

7. www.alldatasheets.com

8. www.electrotech.com

9. www.developershome.com

10. www.scribd.com

11. www.wikipedia.com

12. www.atmel.com