01

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1
Economy

Political Economy

1842-1924
Economics

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1833-1877
Political Economy







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 2

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1
Free

Not free

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 2
Scarcity

DesireNeeds

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 Self- actualiztion

Esteem

Love/Belonging

Safety

Physiological

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 3
Choice





Opportunity cost

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1





1
2

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 4

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 2microeconomics
macroeconomics

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 selfish


rational

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F W

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1
1.

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2PEST

Political

Economic

Social

Technological

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2

5Ps
PeoplePlantParts
ProcessPlanning and Control

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1
1955FPeter F. Drucker
the role of the manager

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 Henry Mintzberg

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2

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3
Fred Luthans

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60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

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430-335
469399

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427347

384322

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 16

571471

551479

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 372289


281233

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1


1662

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1672



2

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18

3

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1775-1783
1789
1776

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 1

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 2

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1820s

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2030

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1800

1772

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600
552-479




20

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 3100



1000

356-
323

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18





+

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+

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Frederick Winslow
Taylor1856-1915


+
4

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+

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1911

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1912

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2010-20
203040

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1

1841-1925

5

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 1916

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 2

1864-1920

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2040

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/



1924-1932
Westinghouse

Hawthorne Experiment

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 1924-1927
1927-1929






1927

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 1928-1931


30

1.5

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 1931-1932

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 1933

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1953

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 1

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 2 X-Y



X






YYX

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 3





2002
KahnemanSmith
2005Schelling



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1961
6


1980
11

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+

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1984

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4

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