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Research Proposal STEP 3:

Annotated Bibliography
Marcel Dolegiewicz
11.03.2017
CRIM 250W-FALL 2017
ELIADES

Research Questions:

What are the motivations behind white collar crime as opposed to blue collar crime?

Why is public perception of white collar crime much more accepted and forgiving as opposed to blue collar crime?

Why is workplace crime in the financial sector so prominent?

Why are perpetrators of a higher class put into separate prisons?

How have stricter regulations in the financial sector led to a decrease in crime?
CRIM 250 W Detailed Annotation for a Social Science Journal Article

Citation for the article in ASA Ross, J. I. (2017). Protecting democracy: a parsimonious, dynamic and heuristic model of controlling
or APA format crimes by the powerful. Criminal Justice Studies, 30(3), 289-306. doi:10.1080/1478601X.2017.1318132

(worth 1 point)

This article is required reading for me, because it explores the motivations behind crimes committed by
Ive included this article in people who possess power. It also goes into detail on how different control methods on this type of crime
my bibliography because . . . are effective and not effective.

Why is this article required


reading for me?

(recommended, but not graded)

Research Question(s) the The author conducted this study to find out the motivations behind crimes committed by the powerful and
study was designed to answer what the best way is to deter, minimize, prevent, regulate, and control large powerful interests.

Why did the author(s)


do this study?

(worth 1 point)

Research Methods & Data The author conducted this study by researching and examining different control methods previously used
Used and determined which ones are most effective. He was able to find out what the positive aspects of each
different type of control were.
How did the author(s)
conduct this study?
(worth 1 point)

Findings and Conclusions The author found out that there is no perfect way of control for crimes committed by the powerful.
However, he was able to develop a parsimonious but dynamic and heuristic model of control. This model is
What did the author(s) find out changing and evolves as crimes do.
from doing this study?

What do we know now that we


didnt know before this study?

(worth 1 point)
Limitations of the Study This articles shortcoming is that it is mostly theory based. The author utilizes some real life examples by
researching previous control methods, but then he continued to develop a method he thought was most
What are the shortcomings of the effective.
of the research methods used or
the data collected? In order to increase the effectiveness of this topic I believe the author should conduct studies using
quantitative evidence that show how effective methods of control really are. Also, I believe surveys and
Suggestions for Future interviews of the powerful would be helpful in determining the motivations behind crime and the control
research methods that really work.

What research needs to be done


next on this topic?

(worth 1 point)
Notes & Reminders

(recommended, but not graded)


CRIM 250 W Detailed Annotation for a Social Science Journal Article

Citation for the article in ASA MOULIN, X., & SHUAI, W. (2017). UNEQUAL TREATMENT IN PRETRIAL DETENTION IN
or APA format CHINA. British Journal Of Criminology, 57(6), 1398-1419. doi:10.1093/bjc/azw060
(worth 1 point)

I am interested in how pretrial treatment of convicted criminals varies by social class in other penal
Ive included this article in systems and not just our own. This is important because there are some psychological and social factors
my bibliography because . . . that come into play across different cultures.

Why is this article required


reading for me?

(recommended, but not graded)


The author wanted to study why and how there is unequal treatment in trials when observing the
Research Question(s) the treatment of white collar and blue-collar criminals. The author wanted to find out why white-collar
study was designed to answer criminals receive more favorable treatment.

Why did the author(s)


do this study?

(worth 1 point)
The author conducted this study by researching and drawing conclusions based on 4,098 documents
Research Methods & Data concerning adjudication decisions from three district courts in China.
Used

How did the author(s)


conduct this study?

(worth 1 point)

The author was able to conclude that white-collar offenders enjoy favorable treatment in pretrial detention.
Findings and Conclusions Using statistical analysis, the article reveals that without resources and social status blue-collar offenders
are significantly likely to be detained before trials. White-collar offenders also have advantages over
What did the author(s) find out detained suspects in probation and sentencing outcomes.
from doing this study?

What do we know now that we


didnt know before this study?

(worth 1 point)
Limitations of the Study The only shortcoming for this article that comes to mind is that it a study based on the Chinese penal
system. Although ideologies on social class and wealth are similar in both nations, the Chinese penal system
What are the shortcomings of the is different from the American one, and some discrepancies may occur when comparing the two sentencing
of the research methods used or processes.
the data collected?

Suggestions for Future


research

What research needs to be done


next on this topic?

(worth 1 point)
Notes & Reminders

(recommended, but not graded)


CRIM 250 W Detailed Annotation for a Social Science Journal Article

Citation for the article in ASA J.W.G. (1911, March). UNEQUAL JUSTICE. Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law &
or APA format Criminology. pp. 859-861.

(worth 1 point)

This is an older article, but it is one of the must reads in terms of my research topic. It discusses how race
Ive included this article in and wealth play a factor in unfair justice treatment.
my bibliography because . . .

Why is this article required


reading for me?

(recommended, but not graded)

The article tries to answer the questions and causes behind the administration of the law between the rich
Research Question(s) the and poor and also between different races (in particular, black and white).
study was designed to answer

Why did the author(s)


do this study?

(worth 1 point)

The author conducted this study by physically observing court room proceedings of various cases of rich,
Research Methods & Data poor, white, and black individuals. He also took quantitative date on the severity and length of the
Used punishments received by people of differing social class and race.
How did the author(s)
conduct this study?

(worth 1 point)

The author was able to find out that much of the inequality is due to a system of procedures that often
Findings and Conclusions permits long delays, frequent appeals and new trials. These are all benefits the poor are unable to receive
on the account of the expenses involved.
What did the author(s) find out
from doing this study?

What do we know now that we


didnt know before this study?

(worth 1 point)
Limitations of the Study This journal article is very old (1911), so there have been many changes to our justice system since then as
well as many sociological changes. However, it still has valuable information on court room proceedings
What are the shortcomings of the and inequality within the justice system that still exist today.
of the research methods used or
the data collected?

Suggestions for Future


research

What research needs to be done


next on this topic?
(worth 1 point)

Notes & Reminders

(recommended, but not graded)


CRIM 250 W Detailed Annotation for a Social Science Journal Article

Citation for the article in ASA Stadler, W. A., Benson, M. L., & Cullen, F. T. (2013). Revisiting the Special Sensitivity Hypothesis: The
or APA format Prison Experience of White-Collar Inmates. JQ: Justice Quarterly, 30(6), 1090-1114.
doi:10.1080/07418825.2011.649296
(worth 1 point)

This article is required reading for me because it discusses how white-collar criminals adjust to life in
Ive included this article in prison and how their prison sentences and conditions differ from blue-collar criminals.
my bibliography because . . .

Why is this article required


reading for me?
(recommended, but not graded)

The author conducted this study due to a lack of empirical evidence, and a widespread view that white-
Research Question(s) the collar offenders have a special sensitivity to imprisonment and experience more pains and cope less well
study was designed to answer within the society of captives. He wanted to find out how white-collar criminals really adjust to life behind
bars.
Why did the author(s)
do this study?
(worth 1 point)

The authors conducted this study by observing the special sensitivity hypothesis after assessing 366
Research Methods & Data federal prison inmates. He was able to do this by conducting qualitative interviews as well as observing
Used prison life of white-collar criminals.

How did the author(s)


conduct this study?
(worth 1 point)

The analyses revealed that white-collar inmates are not more likely to experience
Findings and Conclusions negative prison adjustment. In some regards, white-collar inmates had fewer institutional problems and
were more likely to cope with prison life successfully. Results thus call into question the merits of the
What did the author(s) find out special sensitivity hypothesis.
from doing this study?

What do we know now that we


didnt know before this study?
(worth 1 point)

Limitations of the Study The shortcomings of this article could be a small and narrow sample size. The United States has the largest
prison population in the world, and a sample size of only 366 convicts may not be too telling. Also, only
What are the shortcomings of the prisoners in federal prisoners were studied. I believe that prisoners in State and Local facilities should be
of the research methods used or included as well. White-collar offenders may possess attributes and resources sufficient for their successful
the data collected? adaptation to life in prison.

Suggestions for Future


research

What research needs to be done


next on this topic?

(worth 1 point)
Notes & Reminders

(recommended, but not graded)


CRIM 250 W Detailed Annotation for a Social Science Journal Article

Citation for the article in ASA Crank, B. R., & Payne, B. K. (2015). White-collar offenders and the jail experience: a comparative
or APA format analysis. Criminal Justice Studies, 28(4), 378-396. doi:10.1080/1478601X.2015.1060971

(worth 1 point)
This article is a required reading for me because it gives a further insight into life in jail for white-collar
Ive included this article in criminals and how their jail conditions vary from blue-collar violent criminals.
my bibliography because . . .

Why is this article required


reading for me?

(recommended, but not graded)


The author conducted this study, because incarceration experiences of white-collar offenders have received
Research Question(s) the relatively little attention among criminological researches. Also, the little research that has been conducted
study was designed to answer has focused on offenders experiences in prisons rather than jails.

Why did the author(s)


do this study?

(worth 1 point)
The author examined approximately 6500 inmates incarcerated in local jails and compared those classified
Research Methods & Data as white-collar offenders to violent and other non-violent offenders. The differences between offender
Used types based on demographics, psychological, and behavioral adjustment. These factors are then compared
to see whether white-collar inmates have more difficulty than others adjusting to the jail environment.
How did the author(s)conduct
this study?
(worth 1 point)

Findings suggest that white-collar inmates do not appear to experience symptoms indicative of poor
Findings and Conclusions psychological or behavioral adjustment to the jail environment.

What did the author(s) find out


from doing this study?

What do we know now that we


didnt know before this study?

(worth 1 point)
Limitations of the Study I believe this is one of the best journal articles I was able to find on the topic. The sample size is very large
and broad, and gives me a very good indication of jail life among different types of offenders. It also is able
What are the shortcomings of the to dismiss the special sensitivity hypothesis, as indicated in the Stadler Abstract above.
of the research methods used or
the data collected?

Suggestions for Future


research

What research needs to be done


next on this topic?

(worth 1 point)
Notes & Reminders

(recommended, but not graded)


CRIM 250 W

Blank Summary Table for Brief Annotation

Please complete one table for each of your five articles. ALL TABLES MUST BE TYPED.

Citation for Robinson, M., & Williams, M. (2009). The Myth of a Fair Criminal Justice System. Justice Policy
the article Journal, 6(1), 1-52.
in ASA or
APA format

Article (worth 1point) This paper examines whether the belief that the US criminal justice system is fair is a myth. After an
Abstract introduction of the criminal justice system and its goals, we turn to possible sources of unfairness in
criminal justice, including the criminal law, definitions of crime, policing, courts, and corrections. The
authors explore the possibility that the criminal justice system is unfair both in what it does and in what
it does not do. After a discussion of the role of mythology in criminal justice, the paper concludes with a
summary and suggestions for making American criminal justice activity fairer.

Ive included this article as


one of my five because . . .

Why is this article required


reading for me?

(recommended, but not graded)


Notes & Reminders

(recommended, but not graded)


CRIM 250 W

Blank Summary Table for Brief Annotation

Please complete one table for each of your five articles. ALL TABLES MUST BE TYPED.

Citation for Van Slyke, S., & Bales, W. D. (2012). A contemporary study of the decision to incarcerate whitecollar and
the article street property offenders. Punishment & Society, 14(2), 217-246. doi:10.1177/1462474511434437
in ASA or
APA format

Article (worth 1point) Conventional wisdom holds that whitecollar offenders operate with relative impunity because of
Abstract widespread public and governmental apathy. The present study, however, examines whether public
tolerance and governmental leniency toward whitecollar offenders have endured the series of
national whitecollar crime scandals emerging in 20012002. This study analyzes sentencing guidelines
data from Florida for the period 1994 to 2004, modeling legal and extra-legal factors related to the
decision to incarcerate whitecollar and street property offenders. In/out incarceration sentences
imposed upon whitecollaroffenders are compared with those imposed upon burglars and thieves to
determine whether 21stcentury whitecollar offenders are treated more leniently than streetlevel
property offenders. Additional analyses consider the roles of social status and of recent corporate
scandals in influencing sentencing disparities. Findings indicate that, despite operating under sentencing
guidelines designed to reduce disparities, whitecollar offenders are afforded greater leniency, though
this relationship varies by the type of whitecollar crime considered, the offender's social status, and
whether the sentencing occurred before or after the Enron scandal. Conclusions emphasize the salience
of the definition of whitecollar crime when discussing punitiveness disparities and the relationship
between whitecollar crime scandals and punishment.

Ive included this article as


one of my five because . . .

Why is this article required


reading for me?

(recommended, but not graded)


Notes & Reminders

(recommended, but not graded)


CRIM 250 W

Blank Summary Table for Brief Annotation

Please complete one table for each of your five articles. ALL TABLES MUST BE TYPED.

Citation for Holtfreter, K., Van Slyke, S., Bratton, J., & Gertz, M. (2008). Public perceptions of white-collar crime
the article and punishment. Journal Of Criminal Justice, 36(1), 50-60. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2007.12.006
in ASA or
APA format

Article (worth 1point) Abstract: Although financial losses from white-collar crime continue to exceed those of street crime,
Abstract the criminal justice system has traditionally focused on the latter. Past research suggested that citizens
are more likely to support punitive sanctions for street offenders than white-collar offenders. Recent
corporate scandals have increased public awareness of white-collar crime, but whether public attitudes
have been altered remains to be determined. Using a 2005 national sample of 402 telephone survey
participants, the current study examined citizen perceptions of white-collar and street crime, as well as
attitudes regarding apprehension and punishment. This research extended prior studies by also
considering the influence of sociodemographic characteristics as well as perceptions of white-
collar crime and punishment on the public's support for increasing resource allocation. Implications for
future research and development of more effective white-collar crime control policy are discussed.

Ive included this article as


one of my five because . . .

Why is this article required


reading for me?

(recommended, but not graded)


Notes & Reminders

(recommended, but not graded)


CRIM 250 W

Blank Summary Table for Brief Annotation

Please complete one table for each of your five articles. ALL TABLES MUST BE TYPED.

Citation for Schoepfer, A., Carmichael, S., & Piquero, N. L. (2007). Do perceptions of punishment vary between
the article white-collar and street crimes?. Journal Of Criminal Justice, 35(2), 151-163.
in ASA or doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2007.01.003
APA format

Article (worth 1point)


Abstract Much has been learned about the relationship between sanction threat perceptions and criminal activity,
yet little remains known about the factors that are associated with sanction threat perceptions.
Moreover, because most researchers had studied deterrence within the context of street crime, even less
is known about the factors that relate to sanction threat perceptions for white-collar crime. This study
used data from a national probability sample to examine whether the determinants of perceived sanction
certainty and severity for street crime were different from white-collar crime. Using robbery and fraud
as two exemplars, the findings indicated that while public perceptions of sanction certainty and severity
suggested that street criminals were more likely to be caught and be sentenced to more severe sanctions
than white-collar criminals, respondent''s perceptions of which type of crime should be more severely
punished indicated that both robbery and fraud were equally likely to be perceived on par. Additional
results indicated that the correlates of certainty and severity were more similar than different, but that
the results differed according to whether respondents were asked about the punishment that white-
collaroffenders were likely to receive as opposed to what they should receive.

Ive included this article as


one of my five because . . .

Why is this article required


reading for me?

(recommended, but not graded)


Notes & Reminders

(recommended, but not graded)


CRIM 250 W

Blank Summary Table for Brief Annotation

Please complete one table for each of your five articles. ALL TABLES MUST BE TYPED.

Citation for Michel, C. (2016). Violent Street Crime Versus Harmful White-Collar Crime: A Comparison of
the article Perceived Seriousness and Punitiveness. Critical Criminology, 24(1), 127-143. doi:10.1007/s10612-
in ASA or 015-9295-2
APA format

Article (worth 1point) Recent studies have challenged traditional wisdom regarding public apathy about white-collar crime by
Abstract revealing equal or greater perceived seriousness of these offenses among respondents relative to
traditional crime. Nevertheless, subjects in those studies were generally asked to contrast white-
collar crimescenarios with a non-violent street crime baseline vignette. Perhaps a
violent street crime would have invited lower perceived seriousness for the white-collar offenses.
Participants in the present study were asked to (1) read vignettes describing violent street crimes and
physically harmful white-collarcrimes, (2) compare their seriousness, and (3) determine appropriate
sanctions. Subjects perceived the violent crime scenarios presented to them to be more serious than the
harmful white-collar crime vignettes. Further, they were less punitive toward white-collar offenders
compared with street criminals. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Ive included this article as


one of my five because . . .

Why is this article required


reading for me?

(recommended, but not graded)


Notes & Reminders

(recommended, but not graded)

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