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GATE EC 2009

Q.1 - Q. 20 carry one mark each.

12 V
1. The order of the differential equation
3
d2y dy 4 1
10 V
2 y e is
dr dt 10 min
0
(A) 1 (B) 2
(A) 220 J (B) 12 kJ
(C) 3 (D) 4
(C) 13.2 kJ (D) 14.4 kJ

2. The Fourier series of a real periodic function has only

5. In an n-type silicon crystal at room temperature,
P. Cosine terms if it is even which of the following can have a concentration of
Q. sine terms if it is even
4 10 19 cm-3 ?
R. cosine terms if it is odd
(A) Silicon atoms (B) Holes
S. sine terms if it is odd
(C) Dopant atoms (D) Valence electrons
Which of the above statements are correct?
(A) P and S (B) P and R 6. The full forms of the abbreviations TTL and CMOS in
(C) Q and S (D) Q and R reference to logic families are
(A) Triple Transistor Logic and Chip Metal Oxide
2
3. A function is given by f (t ) sin t cos 2 t. Which of Semiconductor
the following is true ? (B) Tristate Transistor Logic and Chip Metal Oxide
(A) f has frequency components at 0 and 1 / 2 Hz Semiconductor
(C) Transistor Transistor Logic and Complementary
(B) f has frequency components at 0 and 1 / Hz
Metal Oxide Semiconductor
( C) f has freq ue nc y c om po ne nts at 1 / 2 and 1 / Hz
(D) Tristate Transistor Logic and Complementary
(D) f has frequency components at 0.1 / 2 and 1 / Hz Metal Oxide Silicon

4. A fully char ged mo bile phone with a 12 V batter y is 7. The ROC of Z-transform of the discrete time sequence
n
good for a 10 minute talk-time. Assume that, during the 1 1
x( n ) u(n) u( n 1) is
talk-time, the battery delivers a constant current of 2 A 3 2

and its voltage drops linearly from 12 V to 10 V as 11 1 z

(A) (B) z
shown in the figure. How much energy does the battery 3 2 2

deliver during this talk-time ?

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1 11. A fair coin is tossed 10 times. What is the

( C) z (D) 2 z 3
3 probability that ONLY the first two tosses will yield
heads ?
8. The magnit ude plot of a rational transfer function 2 2
1 10 1
G (s ) with real coefficients is shown below. Which of the (A) (B) C2 2
2
following compensators has such a magnitude plot ?
10 10
1 10 1
(C) (D) C2
20 dB 2 2

12. If the power spectral density of stationary random

process is a sinc-squared function of frequency, the
- 40 dB shape of its autocorrelation is

(A) Lead compensator (A) (B)

(B) Lag compensator

(C) PID compensator|
(D) Lead-lag compensator

9. A whit e noise process X (t ) with two-sided power (C) (D)

spectral density 1 10 10 W/Hz is input to a filter whose
magnitude squared response is shown below.

1 + f (z )
13. If f (z ) c 0 c 1 z 1, then dz is given by
-10 kHz 10 kHz
f unit circle z
(A) 2 c1 (B) 2 (1 c 0)

The power of the output process Y (t ) is given by (C) 2 jc 1 (D) 2 j(1 c0)
7 6
(A) 5 10 W (B) 1 10 W
14. In the interconnection of ideal sources shown in the
(C) 2 10 6 W (D) 1 10 5 W
figure, it is known that the 60 V source is absorbing
power.
10. Which of the following statements is true regarding
the fundamental mode of the metallic waveguides Which of the following can be the value of the

shown ? current source I ?

20 V

. P: Coaxial Q: Cylindrical
60 V
I

12 A
R: Rectangular

(A) Only P has no cutoff-frequency

(B) Only Q has no cutoff-frequency (A) 10 A (B) 13 A
(C) 15 A (D) 18 A
(C) Only R has no cutoff-frequency
(D) All three have cut -off frequencies 15. The ratio of the mobility to the diffusion coefficient
in a semiconductor has the units
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(A) V 1 (B) cm. V -1 20. Two infinitely long wires carrying current are as
(C) V .cm-1 (D) V .s shown in the figure below. One wire is in the y z plane
and paralle l to the y axis. The other wire is in the x y
16. In a microprocessor, the service routine for a certain plane and parallel to the x axis. Which components of
interrupt starts from a fixed location of memo ry which the resulting magnetic field are non-zero at the origin ?
cannot be externally set, but the interrupt can be
z
1A
delayed or rejected Such an interrupt is
(A) non-maskable and non-vectored
(B) maskable and non-vectored
(C) non-maskable and vectored y
(D) maskable and vectored

17. If the transfer function of the following network is 1A

V 0( s) 1 x
the value of the load resistance R L is
V i( s) 2 sCR

+ + (A) x, y, z components (B) x, y components

(C) y, z components (D) x, z components

Q. 21 to Q. 60 carry two marks each.

21. Consider two independent random variables X and

(A) R/4 (B) R/2 Y wit h identical distributions. The variables X and Y
11 1
take values 0, 1 and 2 with probabilities , and
(C) R (D) 2 R 24 4
respectively. What is the condit ional probability
dx 10 P( X Y 2X Y 0) ?
18. Consider the system Ax Bu with A
dt 01 1
( A) 0 ( B)
p 16
and B where p and q are arbitrary real numbers. 1
q ( C) (D) 1
6
Which of the following statements about the
controllability of the system is true ? sin x
22. The Taylor series expansion of at x is given
(A) The system is completely state controllable for x
by
any nonzero values of p and q
(x )2 (x )2
(A) 1 . . (B)1 . .
(B) Only p 0 and q 0 result in controllability 3! 3!
(C) The system is uncontrollable for all values of p (x )2 (x )2
(C) 1 ... ( D) 1 ...
and q 3! 3!
(D ) We can not c on clud e abo ut co ntrollability fro m the
given data 23. If a vector field V is related to another vector field A
through V A , which of the following is true? Note :
19. For a message signal m (t ) cos(2 f m t ) and carrier of C and SC refer to any closed contour and any surface
frequenc y f c , which of the following re presents a single whose boundary is C.
side-band (SSB) signal ? (A) (B)
V . dl
C A . dS A . dl V . dS
(A) cos(2 fm t ) cos(2 fct ) SC C SC

(B) cos(2 fct )

(C ) C V . dl A. dS (D) A . dl V . dS
(C) cos[2 ( fc fm )t] SC C SC

(D) [1 cos(2 fm t ) cos(2 fct )]

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24. Given that F( s) is the one-sided Laplace transform

t
of f (t ), the Laplace transform of 0
f ( )d is
1
(A) sF(s ) f (0) ( B) F(s )
s 100 V
s
1
(C) F( ) d (D) [ F( s) f (0)]
s
0

25. Matc h ea ch differential eq uatio n in Gro u p I to its (A) 0.2e 125tu(t ) mA (B) 20e 1250 t u(t ) mA
family of solution curves from Group II. (C) 0.2e 1250 t u(t) mA (D) 20 e 1000 tu(t ) mA
dy y
P. Group 1 Group 1.IICircles
dx x 29. In the circuit shown, what value of RL maximizes
dy y
Q. 2. Straight lines the power delivered to RL ?
dx x
dy x
R. 3. Hyperbolas
dx y

dy x
S.
dx y 100 V
(A) P 2, Q 3, R 3, S 1
8
(B) P 1, Q 3, R 2, S 1 ( B)
3
(C) P 2, Q 1, R 3, S 3 (A) 2.4
(D) P 3, Q 2, R 1, S 2
(C) 4 (D) 6
26. The eigen values of the following matrix are
30. The time domain behavior of an RL circuit is
135
represented by
3 16 L Ri V0 (1 Be Rt / L sin t )u (t ).
di
003
dt current of i (0)
For an initial 0 , the steady state
(A) 3, 3 5 j, 6 j (B) 6 5 j, 3 j, 3 j V
value of the current is given by
(C) 3 j, 3 j, 5 j (D) 3, 1 3 j, 1 3j R V0 2V0
(A ) i (t ) (B) i (t)

27. An AC source of RMS voltage 20 V with internal V0 2V0

(C) i (t) (1 B) (D ) i (t) (1 B) R R
impedance Z s (1 2 j) feeds a load of impedance
ZL (7 4 j) in the figu re belo w. T he reacti ve p ow er
R R
consumed by the load is

31. In the circuit below, the diode is ideal. The voltage V

is given by

1A
(A) 8 VAR (B) 16 VAR|

(C) 28 VAR (D) 32 VAR

(A) min(V i ,1) (B) max(V i1)

28. The switch in the circuit shown was on position a
(C) min( V i,1) (C) max( Vi ,1)
for a long tim e, and is mo ve to position b at time t 0.
The current i( t) for t 0 is given by
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32. Consider the following two statements about the (A) Positive feedback, V 10 V.
internal co n ditions in an n-c ha nnel M OSFE T o peratin g (B) Positive feedback, V 0V
in the active region. (C) Negative feedback, V 5V
S1 : The in version c harge de creases fro m source to (D) Negative feedback, V 2V
drain
S2 : The c hannel pote ntial increases fro m sour ce to 35. A small signal source vi (t) A cos 20t B sin 106 t is
drain. applied to a transistor amplifier as shown below. The
Which of the following is correct ? transistor has 150 and hie 3 k . Which expression
(A) Only S2 is true best approximates v0(t ) ?
(B) Both S1 and S2 are false 12 V
(C) Both S1 and S2 are true, but S2 is not a reason
for S1
(D) Both S1 and S2 are true, and S2 is a reason for
S1

33. In the following a stable multivibrator circuit, which

properties of v0(t ) depend on R2 ?

(A) v0(t ) 1500( A cos 20t B sin 106 t )

(B) v0(t ) 150( A cos 20t B sin 10 6 t)
(C) v0(t ) 1500 B sin 10 6 t
(D) v0(t ) 150 B sin 10 6 t

36. If X 1 in the logic equation

[X Z{Y (Z X Y )}]{ X Z( X Y )} 1, then

(A) Y Z (B) Y Z
(A) Only the frequency
(C) Z 1 (D) Z 0
(B) Only the amplitude
(C) Both the amplitude and the frequency 37. W hat are the minimum number of 2-to-1
(D) Neither the amplitude nor the frequency multiplexers required to generate a 2-input AND gate
and a 2-input Wx-OR gate ?
34. In the circuit show n below, the op-a mp is ideal, the (A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 3
transisto r has VB E 0.6 V an d 150. D ecide wh ether
(C) 1 and 1 (D) 2 and 2
the feed ba c k in the cir cuit is p ositive or ne gati ve a nd
deter mi ne the volta ge V at the out put of the o p-a m p. 38. Refer to the NAND and NOR latches shwn in the
10 V figure. The inputs ( P1, P 2) for both the latches are first
made (0,1) and then, after a few seconds, made (1,1).
The corresponding stable outputs (Q 1, Q 2) are

5V
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(A ) N A N D: first (0,1) the n (0,1 ) N OR: first (1,0 ) then (

(0,0)
(B ) N A N D: first (1,0) the n (1,0) N OR: first (1,0) th en
0
(1,0)
(C ) N A N D: first (1,0) the n (1,0 ) N OR: first (1,0 ) then
(0,0)
(D ) N A N D: first (1,0) the n (1,1) N OR: first (0,1) th en A) Causal, LP (B) BIBO, LTI
(0,1) (C) BIBO, Causal, LTI (D) LP, LTI

39. What are the counting states ( Q1 , Q2 ) for the counter

42. The 4-point Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of a
shown in the figure below? discrete time sequence {1,0,2,3} is
Q Q (A) [0,-2+2j,2,-2-2j] (B) [2,2+2j,6,2-2j]
Q (C) [6,1-3j,2,1+3j] (D) [6-1+3j,0,-1,-3j]
Clock
JK JK
Flip Flop Flip Flop

K 1 43. The feedback configuration and the pole -zero

s2 2s 2
locations of G( s)
are shown below. The root
s2 2s 2
( A) 1 1, 10, 00, 1 1, 10,... ( B) 0 1, 10, 11, 0 0, 01,... locus for negative values of k, i.e. for k 0, has
breakaway/break-in points and angle of departure at
(C) 00, 11, 01, 10, 00,... ( D) 0 1, 10, 00, 0 1, 10,...
pole P (with respect to the positive real axis) equal to

40. A system wit h transfer function H( z) has impulse Im (s)

+ O X
response h(.) defined as h(2) 1, h(3) 1 and h( k) 0 + k G(s)
-
otherwise. Consider the following statements. Re (s)
S1: H( z) is a low-pass filter. Q P

S2: H( z) is an FIR filter.

(A) 2 and 0 (B) 2 and 45
Which of the following is correct?
(C) 3 and 0 (D) 3 and 45
(A) Only S2 is true
s2 1
(B) Both S1 and S2 are false 44. An LTI system having transfer function s 2 2s 1
(C) Both S1 and S2 are true, and S2 is a reason for
S1 and input x(t ) sin( t 1) is in steady state. The output

(D) Both S1 and S2 are true, but S2 is not a reason is sampled at a rate s rad/s to obtain the final output
for S1 { x( k)}. Which of the following is true?
(A) y(.) is zero for all sampling frequencies s

41. Co nsider a s yste m w hose inp ut x an d out put y ar e

(B) y(.) is nonzero for all samp ling frequencies s
related by the equation
(C) y(.) is nonzero for s 2, but zero for s 2
y( t ) x(t ) h (2 )d
(D) y(.) is zero for s 2, but nonzero for 2 2

where h(t) is shown in the graph.

45. The unit step response of an under-damped second
Which of the following four properties are order system has steady state value of -2. Which one of
possessed by the system ? the following transfer functions has these properties ?
(A) 2 2.24 . (B) 2
3.82
BIBO: Bounded input gives a bounded output. . .
s 2.59 s 112 s 191 s 191
Causal: The system is causal, ( C) (D)
s 2 2.592.24
s 112 . 382
s 191 . s 191 .
LP: The system is low pass. 2

LTI: The system is linear and time-invariant.

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46. A discrete random variable X takes values from 1 to 50. A transmission line terminates in two branches,
5 with probabilities as shown in the table. A student each of length / 4, as shown. The branches are
calculates the mean of X as 3.5 and her teacher terminated by 50 loads. The lines are lossless and
calculates the variance of X as 1.5. Which of the have the characteristic impedances shown. Determine
following statements is true ? the impedance Z i as seen by the source.

k 1 2 3 4 5

P( X k) 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1

(A) Both the student and the teacher are right

(B) Both the student and the teacher are wrong

(C) The student is wrong but the teacher is right (A) 200 (B) 100

(D) The student is right but the teacher is wrong (C) 50 (D) 25

Common Date Questions

Q. 47 A message signal given by
Common Date for Questions 51 and 52:
1 1
1 n(t) cos t
1 sin 2 t Consider a silicon p-n junction at room
2 2
temperature having the following parameters:
is amplitude-modulated with a carrier of frequency
Doping on the n-side 1 10 17 cm 3

c to generate s (t ) [1 m (t )]cos t. What is the power

c
Depletion width on the n-side 0.1 m
efficiency achieved by this modulation scheme ?
Depletion width on the p-side 10 m.
(A) 8.33% (B) 11.11% Intrinsic carrier concentration 1.4 10 10 cm 3

(C) 20% (D) 25% Thermal voltage 26 mV

Permittivity of free space 8.85 10 14 F.cm 1

48. A co m mu nication c ha nnel with A W G N oper ating at Dielectric constant of silicon 12

a signal to noise rati o S NR >> 1 a n d ba nd widt h B has
capa city C1 . If the S N R is dou bled kee ping B co nsta nt, 51 The built-in potential of the junction
the resulting capacity C2 is given by (A) is 0.70 V
(A) C2 2 C1 (B) C2 C1 B (B) is 0.76 V
(C) C2 C1 2B (D) C2 C1 0.3 B (C) is 0.82
(D) cannot be estimated from the data given
49. A magnetic field in air is measured to be
52. The peak electric field in the device is
x y
B B0 2 y 2 x (A) 0.15 MV . cm 1, directed from p-region to n-region
x y2 x y2
(B) 0.15 MV . cm 1, directed from n-region to p-region
What current distribution leads to this field ?
(C) 1.80 MV . cm 1, directed from p-region to n-region
[ Hint : The algebra is trivial in cylindrical coordinates.]
(D) 1.80 MV . cm 1, directed from n-region to p-region
B0z 1
(A ) j , r 0
0 x2 y2
Common Data for Questions 53 and 54:

(B) j
B0z 2 r 0 The Nyquist plot of a stable transfer function G( s)
,
0 x2 y2
is shown in the figure. We are interested in the stability

(C) j 0, r 0 of the closed loop system in the feedback configuration

shown.
B0z 1 r 0
(D) j 2 ,
0 x y2
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Im

+
+ G(s)
Re -
-1-0.5

-j

53. Which of the following statements is true?

(A) G( s) is an all-pass filter 57. For small increase in V G beyond 1 V, which of the
(B) G( s) has a zero in the right -half plane following gives the correct description of the region of
(C) G( s) is the impedance of a passive network operation of each MOSFET ?

(D) G( s) is marginally stable (A) Both the MOSFETs are in saturation region
(B) Both the MOSFETs are in triode region
54. The gain and phase margins of G (s ) for closed loop (C) n-MOSFET is in triode and p-MOSFET is in
stability are saturation region
(A) 6 dB and 180 (B) 3 dB and 180 (D) n-MOSFET is in saturation and p-MOSFET is in
(C) 6 dB and 90 (D) 3 dB and 90 triode region.

Common Data for Questions 55 and 56:

58. Estimate the output volt age V0 for VG 15 V . .
The amplitude of a random signal is uniformly
[Hint : Use the appropriate current -voltage equation for
distributed between -5 V and 5 V.
each MOSFET, based on the anser to Q. 57.]

55. If the signal to quantization noise ratio required in

Statement for Linked Answer Questions 59 and
uniformly quantizing the signal is 43.5 dB, the step size
60:
of the quantization is approximately
Two products are sold from a vending machine,
(A) 0.0333 V (B) 0.05 V
which has two push buttons P 1 and P 2. When a button is
(C) 0.0667 V (D) 0.10 V
pressed, the price of the corresponding product is
56. If the positive values of the signal are uniformly displayed in a 7-segment display.
qua ntized with a step size of 0.0 5 V, an d the ne gati ve If no buttons are pressed, 0 is displayed, signifying
Rs. 0.
values are uniformly quantized with a step size of 0.1 V,
If only P 1 is pressed, 2 is displayed, signifying Rs.
the resulting signal to quantization noise ratio is
2.
approximately
If only P 2 is pressed, 5 is displayed, signifying Rs.
(A) 46 dB (B) 43.8 dB 5.
(C) 42 dB (D) 40 dB If both P 1 and P2 are pressed, E is displayed,
signifying Error.
Linked Answer Questions The names of the segments in the 7-segment
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 57 and 58: display, and the glow of the display for '0', '2', '5' and 'E',

Co nsider th e C M OS circ uit show n, wher e the gate are shown below.
a 0 2 5 E
voltage V G of the n-MOSFET is increased from zero,
f b
while the gate voltage of the p-MOSFET is kept g
constant at 3 V. Assume that, for both transistors, the e c
magnitude of the threshold voltage is 1 V and the d
W
product of the trans-conductance parameter and the L
W
L rati o, i . e. the quanti t y Cax , i s 1 mA . V 2.
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Consider

(i) push button pressed/not pressed is equivalent to ANSWER

logic 1/0 respectively
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C
(ii) a seg m ent gl owi ng /n ot glo win g in th e displa y is
6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. A
equivalent to 1/0 respectively.
11. C 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. A
59. If se g ment s a to g ar e co nsid ere d as fu nctio ns of P 1
16. D 17. C 18. C 19. C 20. D
and P 2, then which of the following is correct ?
(A) g P1 P 2, d c 3 (B) g P1 P 2, d c e 21. C 22. B 23. B 24. B 25. A
(C) g P1 P 2, e b c (D) g P1 P 2, e b c 26. D 27. C 28. C 29. C 30. A

60. What are the minimum numbers of NOT gates and 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. B

2-input OR gates required to design the logic of the 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. A 40. A
driver for this 7-segment display ?
41. B 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. B
(A) 3 NOT and 4 OR (B) 2 NOT and 4 OR
(C) 1 NOT and 3 OR (D) 2 NOT and 3 OR 46. B 47. C 48. B 49. C 50. D

51. B 52. 53. B 54. C 55. C

56. B 57. D 58. 59. B 60. D

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