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Quadratic Equation
In a Snapshot
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Roots of a Quadratic Equation l
Sign of a Quadratic Polynomial
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Sum and Product of Roots l
How to Find the Roots of a Quadratic
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Quadratic Polynomial Equation
Nature of Roots
( b2 4 ac) is called the discriminant of Eq. (i). It is denoted by D. Now,
three cases arise here.
Case I. D> 0
In this case, b2 4 ac is a positive real number.
Hence, roots are real and distinct.
Case II. D=0
i.e., b2 4 ac = 0
Hence, roots are real and equal.
b
x= is the repeated root in this case.
2a
Case III. D< 0
In this case, b2 4 ac is not defined (in R).
Hence, real roots dont exist in this case.
Chapter Crux
1. Roots of a quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ( a, b, c R, a 0) are given
by
b + b2 4ac b b2 4ac
= and =
2a 2a
( b2 4ac ) is called discriminant of the equation and is denoted by D.
2. Roots of equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 are
(i) real and distinct, if D > 0
(ii) real and equal (repeated root), if D = 0
(iii) non-real (imaginary), if D < 0
b
3. Sum of roots of equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 equals to and their product
a
c
equals to .
a
4. Let ax + bx + c be a quadratic polynomial and , be the roots of
2