!

911111111:J1111_1i111J1u1
...
A. E. f . No. 147~5
OFFICIAL G-o

.
...
ii,

ill

GAS MANUAL .
.
Part V '
..
II

.".
I
.. Use of Gas by Air Service
I
lo
..
I
..
.
..
..
.
I
i
..
Ii
. ."
II

... ...
.
u
Ill

....
"
!I

6&n ,;ml .H ealltIJ. ull11@..-~

.
ill

..
l

Aa,10:rlcan Ex.p edit, onary f OZ'CfJ-11-, F'tanie

Match , 1919
..
.
!I

..
u'
"

111 ~1 11 llll"!m l~~lf M:..ia.ill B t..11 l'oJiii4 11
 GENERAL HEADQ AnTEHS
AlffilUCAN EXP.EOlTlUNAJ\ Y JUHCES
Jlarch., 1919.
Th~ nG.i.s Man ual,H in slx parts. h1 ;-i. ppr-o,t<d :i nd published
for t h ~ h1i1..u-1n atio.ll and gujdan,ce of the J\ 11 wriL'au t:xpc,dition-
i 1y Fori.:c-s. AU b ougb Uii~ m1'DU.a.i pr c :-.c L,l:-.. 1h L a) r,3,cfice io tbe
1\ 11 le! d L : 111 I~".'\ pi!d.it i ouary Force !i.-" j ls pu h i 1.:.11i, u , b . uot in tended
to r..o u \:(:'y ,a fl f)l'Ov,: d for adoption in lhe f u L11 r t! m illl..1ry S-erv ice
oi l lw Unitt-{i Stat.es of any details of umJ anil-(L{IQ n contained
her-du .

J.t\MES \Y. l\fc.\NIJ!lEV,;r,

CJ~ i e.f of S.taff.

0 FPTf: t ,\ I. :
UO BE HT C. D..i\VlS,
...-i djulan t Gilli.eraf..
 Contents
Pa1"l t- 1;1cUr:i"I? ~:mplnrmeot o: Oase:ii A.H. F. No. l,J7!'i-1 G-5,
Part II- Use ~lf C~:-ri~ l 1y the Artillery . ... A. E. f'. No. J nr;- 2 G...J
Pa.rt Hl- U !o;C' of c; ~1 s I ,:ii. G~s Tloops ...... A. E. F. Nu. l _, "i r,A:i G-i
Part I V-U:!ii!: of G~;i~ lty [ nfanb'.y .. . . - . . . A. h* F. No. 1.17.r)-~ G- 5
Pmt V- U:..c- 4.1:f Gu~ h J/ Ail' Serv:ice A. E. F+Nn. J -t"i~~-~ n-.5
Pnrl Vl-fleft:n.:sc .Ag:aiJ'.1.~t Gas: . A. E. F. No.,14JJ O...o

TABLE OF CONTENTS,

Par-.
Ge.uera1 II II 91r ll " -, I I II I ' I .... " Ii I .... . . - ... . . - Ii - " 1
f 11 celiJ d rar:!i'... l3.,11 n I)~ - . . . . ... ... . ~ . . _. . + , .S
F.r12nch Cit::-11, :1r<l " ...... ii " .. .. . _ ........................... .. io .... '* .. _ " t!! 3
Tnct ieal I :se - !' ........... s ... "" , ... . ..... I! " II II ...... . . . . . .., (II 4
~catt(!'f' 1y 1,C!' Ii ii !' ,. . . . . . . ... !!"! .. .. !" . . . . . . p .. " '!! ... !!!! "" Ill , " !I I! " 5
Sruoke Bo m1J IJs. . .. ... . .. " . .. 7 II .... . la ....... .. . ..... Ill .. . IAI , .. .. .. If,

.F r("D4!h St<<-1 'I rr,i n in~ ~~f.lmb, . . ... - . . . . . . . 7

French t:e 1u~11, r ,~in in.~ lnomb .. .. ....... .. ........ .. , ." _. 8
Use or Bo.1111 l,:s, fl I !I II !I I! II I .. ..... .. I I ... II II Ill &, I jj II Ill .... lJ ... ... 9
 GAS MANUAL .. '
.
!

PART V

USE OF GAS BY AIR SERVICE

INCENDIARY BOMBS.
General.
1. Gas Warfare material, used by the Air Service, comprises
incendiary and smoke bombs.
2. The only incendiary bomh available for use by the Ameri-
can Air Service at the present time is the French Chanard in-
cendiary bomb. A description of the method of operation,
action, marking, etc., of this bomb follows: The French ChaQ-
ard bomb is of the intensive type and is for use against well
defined targets. Other bombs of the same type under develop-
ment are the American incendiary bombs, Mark II and Mark Ill.
Another type of incendiary bomb known as the scatter type
is for use against more inflamable material, such as wooden
ment or consideration are: The American Incendiary Bomb
buildings, grain fields, etc. Of this type n:ow under develop-
Mark I, the American Ipcendiary Dart Mark I, and the British
Baby Incendiary Bomb,' known as the B. I. .

FRENCH CHANARD INCENDIARY BOMB.

!
j

(Bombe lncendiaire Chanard or C. D.)

I

3. Descripion. (See Figs. 1 an9 2.) The boni.J? coO:sists. of

l . '

the f ollowing general parts: Case or body, nose, sfahilize!

wings, H tube, quick match, tube~, vents, firing mechanism anf
5afety propeller. ,
Construction. The bomb ~ody or case is composed of t;~
' longitudinal halves of an ellipsoid of revoluti9n. The ~dger
, of tnese are soldered to the annular core or H tube. Both th~
, body and the H tube are made of tin plate. The H tuiie ib
filled with special Thermit mixture which is known- as C. D.
powder or Dai site No. 2. The charge is 275 grams. The main
body is filled with Chanard incendiary material. This material
consists of a plastic semi-fluid mass which on combustion flows
freely. It consists principally of nitrocellulose and resin
with a mixture of turpentines.
6 Gas ltlanual-Part V

riGf
.:W.5/>EIYSICW PYl'f
.5Ar&TY fll'l- -~,!blb

Tl/'/
>WH/7'
.5~a4l THQr-.
MIT
MAl/'l //'IC"/'l-_-+-...j__~
DIA.RY
V/'IT- - -
THcRHIT ('OIY :I
l'IECT//'I(; 7 ~ '. :
,,.,
OUICK MATCH :,,:
TUB.c ,,
,,"
:,
;,I
,,,,
,.,,
..
"

rREtlCII
ClfAN4RfJ INCel'/fJ!ARY f:;{)#!J
(/50/vl/Jfl/'ICc/'/!JIARY ClfAIIA!i'O 0/i' CO.).
~.5 s OFFEN.SE D1v1s10N, ENG. cJec. C W.8. 5521
Uae of Gas by Air Service 1

fic;.c
"AaAJ..IZ .cfl WINGS

Wt--+- 7H.e"HMI?" T V ~ T//'I

-.t.~-+----'r'c'C /A. 'THHMl1"

. ~

I
0 J

THE"IYCH
Cll/?MRO INC/YL7/M'Y 80MB
{BtJ/J1/3C INCC!VD/191/f CH17'Nl9RO ...,
oR c.a)
~.'O.S . OFFEN.Se 01v1s1otr., ENG. uEc. C. J(.3. .55ZE!
8 Ga8 Manual-Part l"

fiG 3

Plf'OPL"liltF--.....-+-. .:;;~~~=:::::-
W/r,.J S<:/i'rw
Piu-6 - -

SOClr'cT

I ,-
I I
ST~lh'E'tf' - ---+t..~="J I I
sr~1,y,e,r .St.E'Ev I I
P;f'/ ME~-.--. _ 1'~L-

!'0.Slrl(JN
t"tT Mao/a>'ll
OF PE--'eC(I.S.JtOIY.

Ffft"NCII
,H/?/YA'/i'J /lY'cc/ilLJl/?/rY go~.s
,. 17/7'/JVG NECh'A#/SN

0FFEtf5 D1v1.510N., f/'/6 Jrc C. W.S55JC;

 Use of Gas by Air Service 9

Firing 1llechanism. (See Fig. 3.) This consists of a safety

propeller with screw and plug into which screws a socket,
striker, striker spring, three steel halls, striker sleeve, and quick
match or fuse in the tube.

Method of Operation. During shipment the propeller is held

stationary by two strands of wire attached respectively to the
propeller and the body of the bomb. The firing mechanism is
permanently locked by m eans of a propeller screw which abso-
lutely prevents accidental functioning.

Before the bomb is placed in the suspension on the plane,

the wires which hold the propeller are removed and the pro-
peller unscrewed by no more than four complete turns, ac-
cording to the directions to be found in the packing case. The
bomb is then placed in the suspension where the propeller is
prevented from revolving by 1neans of a spring wire which en-
gages the blades. The firing mechanism consists principally of
" a striker driven forward by a spring. The tail of the striker,
which is hollow, is held in place by three equi-distant balls
separated by the thickness of the striker. These balls are held
in place between the vertical wall and the striker sleeve and
the propeller stein. As the propeller unscrews, the stem moves
with almost no frictional resistance, until the lower end passes
the equator of the three balls. At that moment the striker
spring comes into play. The balls drop into the striker and
tne striker is driven with considerable force against the de-
tonator.

Action. As the bomb is released from the airplane, the cur-

rent of air produced by the falling body, unscrews the propeller.
Five seconds later, that is to say, at a distance of from 60 to
80 meters from the 111achine, the firing mechanism is auto-
matically unlocked and immediately the 8-second fuse or quick
m atch contained therein is ignited. \Vben that hlme has
elapsed and the bomb has descended some 500 meters or more,
the firing mechanism i s blown off by a slight explosion and
the material in the H tube is ignited at four different points,
A, B, C, and D. The bomb is split in two halves by nielting the
solder and the main incendiary mass is ignited.

As this action takes place, the bomb is still dropping through

the air and it reaches its target in flames. The blazing contents
are deposited on the target without the necessity of an ex-
plosion. Here it continues to burn for some 18 minutes. A
black smoke is given off which binders fire fighting.

Marking. The bomb is painted with light red oil paint.

Around the vent holes are painted white circles and on the body
of the 'bomb are the markings "G. D. 120," shown on the plate.
The Jot number and date of loading also are shown on the plate..
10 Gas Manual-Part V

Packing. The bombs fully a ssembled with the propeller titd

as prc\'iousJy d escribed, are pacl,cd two in a case. This cnse
is painted red and bears the following inscription on the cover:
"AYIATION"
BOMBE INCENDIAIRE
C. D.
120
Lot No.
On the side: A RETOURNER
A LA 2eme RESERVE.
"1hen these bombs arc removed from the case, they should be
lifted hy their susJ>ension keys. If r eplaced, they should be de-
_placcd in a horizontal position with the suspension keys Cl osscd.

TACTICAL USE.
...
4. The Chanard Incendiary Bomb is designed for setting fire
to buil<linys of eilher light or heavy construction. IL is so tle-
sig1ll'd th.at it will penetrate an ordinary roof and der,o~it its
-contents in the interior of the building. The incendiar y naatc1 al
of the bomb being alrea dy ignited when it hits the tnrgct, it
continues to melt, run and burn as it runs communicating t his
fire to any infla mmable material which it reaches. A bomb of
this type should, of course, be used only against well defin ed
targets where a direct hit is possible, for if it should n1iss t he
target and strike on the ground or other uninflammable mater ial
its effect would be nil.
5. lnrendirrry bombs of the scatter type are for use aaainst
light builcliny conslruclion, grain fields, etc. They possess t he
ad vantage of not rcqui ring a direct hit, because the ma tcrial
scatl<:rs lo a certain extent; but they possess a di,;advanta~e in
that the amount of incendiary material in any one place is
small and unless the material is quite inflammahle it will not
be set on fire.
6. The number of bombs that can be carried by planes in use
by the American Air Service are as follows:
Dny Pursuit: The Spad XIII has cells for 2 Chanard bombs.
D:1y Observation: 6 American l\lark I or Mark II.
Ni~ht Pursuit: Same as Day Pursuit.
Night Observation: Same as Day Observation.
Obscr\'alion planes carry 6 bombs if equipped with t he
American ~lark V release.
Day Bomht'r (DH-4): 6 Mark I or Mark II.
Dreguct: 8 Mark I or l\lark II .
Night Bomber (H:tntllcy-Page): 16 ?tfork II.
The American Mark V Release will carry 5 Chanard bombs
per trap or 10 per plane.
Use of Gas by Air Service 11

ARJN(l PJN- - - - ~ .-4!-._ _

5HEAlf WIRE - - - - - ,a.. cARi'R IDGE PLUG

SAFETY PIN GAIN/; HEAD

:o CAI. CARmD&E~--H..'.
FILLED WITH
"T"POWOR
BALLAST OF t
I
CAST 5VLPf/~ i---- 4. 4-j~" -..i

SHEET 11
~TEEL ISMM.

T7N TUBE - 4--"**

CONTAINING
TJTANIVM
TcTRAC/1/.0~lbE

I
CEMENT
i.--, --1-5:&3'1---1"- ---

crJT7'0II WA

STABALIZER
WINGS

FRENCH TRAINING
N~-2 5MOKE BOMB 5TEEL
0FFEH:;e D1v1s10N., Em;. JEc. C. W.t5. 55$4
~.5.S.

. '
 1~ Gas Manual-Part f

FRENCH TRAINING NO. 2 SMOKE BOMB, STEEL.

(Fig. 4).
7. Description. The bomb consists of the parts designated
on the drawing as follows: Firing pin, shear wire, safety pin,
cartridge plug, gaine head, steel ogive, 10 caliber cartridge.
filled with "T" powder, sheet steel body, gaine tube, ballast of
east sulphur, stabilizer wings, tin tube containing titaniu:rn
tetrachloride, cork plug, cement plug, and cotton wad. All the
metal parts arc made of steel or iron. "T" powder is a highly
nitrated sporting powder containing less than 1.3% moisture.
Method of Operation. The bomb is designed so that it has
the same trajectory as regular bombs and is used to train avia-
tors in bomb dropping.
When suspended in the dropping mechanisms the safety pin
is removed. On striking the objective the shear wire is cut
and the firing pin impinges on the detonator of the cartridge
which is thereby fired. This expels the tin tube containing the
fumigen and at the same time breaks it, causing a scattering
of the liquid titanium tetrachloride which substance produces
a white cloud of smoke visible from the airplane.
Marking. The bomb is painted black, but has no special niark-
ings other than the Inspector of the Forges.
Packing. The bombs are packed four in an open crate. The
crates have the fo1Jowing stencilling:
On two
vertical sides
) Smoke Bombs for
Adjustment of Fire
1
Crate to be returned to
2nd Aviation Reserve at
. Michelin Type Mortimets.
The loaded cartridges are packed in tight boxes, the number
of cartridges contained in the box, stencilled on the cover.
The tubes of fumige11ite are packed in ca~es containing 100
tubes.
Each shipment of bombs has a corresponding shipment of
fi1Jed cartridges and tubes of fumigenite.

FRENCH TRAINING SMOKE BOMB) CEMENT.

tBombe a Fumce en Ciment)
(Figs. 5 and 6).
8. Description. The bomb consists of the parts designated
on the drawings. Two plates of this type of bomb are shown.
One is simply a later modification of the other. The one having
the naITower stabilizer wings and a more stream like shape is
the later model. It will be noted that in the later design a dif-
f e:rent gaine head h used and also the gaine reinforcing tube
Use of Gas by Air Service 1.i

~ Fi~. 5
r7ft'/1Y6 Pih' ---..::b.
S1"1Et9lf Wlh'J:- - - - ._..,.
5/r/'fTY lo/N- - ~"""
GAY/YE N,EA'LJ- - ~ ~
!CJ ti94".. CA'/!TtP/1)66
r/L.I.El) WIT.II
"r' P()WPFH
8()/JY(CNcl/1j-
6#/IY IT'l'M'- - - - , 1 ; ~ ~
RJ!fC//Y$ Tt/8

'I
1
6,,"'//Yf Tt/Bt' -~ ~
.l -liY 7(/8
--
t'(7Nr,,MYIIY.G ~,._,_,_,-
O() CC
Tl7A'/W//M
TET.iflrtn'U'Jf~

COti'K r'l.f/G

Fli'EIYCII T/fA'IIYI/Jt6
5,/>/tJ/rf Baf/8 -CCMEIYT
( 8:J'),14.t- .,,. P-t111Pee n, C/MeN7;J
'O.,c-;.-EA{SE b/W.S~ i:!'6. 5t:7:7. CfVS..S:,oS
14 Gas :Manual-Part v

fiG.6

"'OCl. C4RTR/!/!.~-'-""-'~
fiLlllJ W/711 'r"
F'OWUR
G4/IYC Tll/Je'--~~~:l~I:: 4.55"_ _.,.
aow~

rRtlYC!t TRAIii/NG
5/10/(f lXJ#!J -COIOIT
( t!IOHN A ' ~ ~ ~ C ,,.,,~/Ir)

.~.S. OFFEN.SE D1v1~ION., ENr;. OEC. C. W8. 55za

Use of Gas by Air Service 15

bus l>een done away with. The main difference l>etwcen this
bomb and the French Training No. 2 smoke bomb, steel, is that
the l>ody is made of cement rather than of steel fiJJetl wilh cast
su lphur, and that the gaine tube has a reinforcing tube near
tue nose end in the older model.
Jl ethod of Operation and llarking. The method of operation
a nd marking is the same as for the French Training No. 2 smoke
b omb, steel, except that the stabilizer wings only are painted
black, the body being unpainted.
Pacldng, The bombs are packed the same as the French
T raining No. 2 smoke bomb, steel, the labels on the crates being
t he same.

USE OF TRAINING SMOI{E BOl\IIlS.

9. These bombs are designed for use only in training bomb
d roppers in the use of bomb sights and release mechanism.
On impinging on the ground the bomb expels its charge or
fn ndgcnite ttitanium tetrachloride) which gives a smoke cloud
w hich is ,isible lo the bomb dropper in the plane, thus inform-
ing hiin as to whether or not he has bit the desired target.